A chalice (from Latin calix, cup, borrowed from Greek kalyx, shell, husk) is a goblet intended to hold drink. The Derrynaflan Chalice is an 8th or 9th Century chalice, that was found 17 February 1980 near Killenaule in County Tipperary County Tipperary (Contae Thiobraid Árann is a County in Ireland situated in the Province of Munster. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In general religious terms, it is intended for quaffing during a ceremony. A ceremony is an activity infused with Ritual significance performed on a special occasion
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Religious use
Christian
In Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, Lutheranism and some other Christian denominations, a chalice is a standing cup used to hold sacramental wine during the Eucharist (also called the Lord's Supper or Holy Communion). The Catacombs of Rome are ancient Catacombs or underground Burial places under or near Rome, Italy, of which there are at least forty some discovered Saint Marcellinus and Peter were two 4th century Christian Martyrs in the city of Rome. The Via Labicana was an ancient road of Italy, leading east southeast from Rome. A vestry is a storage room in or attached to a church or Synagogue. Kostroma (Кострома́ is an historic city in central Russia, the administrative centre of Kostroma Oblast. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Oriental Orthodoxy is the communion of Eastern Christian Churches that recognize only three Ecumenical councils — the First Council of Nicaea, the Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Sacramental wine or Altar wine is Wine prepared for use in Christian Liturgy as part of the celebration of the Eucharist or the The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those Chalices are often made of precious metal, and they are sometimes richly enamelled and jewelled. In a discussion of Material science, enamel (or vitreous enamel or porcelain enamel in U A gemstone or gem, also called a precious or semi-precious stone, is a piece of attractive Mineral, which &mdash when cut and polished &mdash
The ancient Roman calix was a drinking vessel consisting of a bowl fixed atop a stand, and was in common use at banquets. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Chalices have been used since the early church. Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus ( c Because of Jesus' command to his disciples to "Do this in remembrance of me. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) In Christianity, the disciples were the students of Jesus during his ministry. " (Luke 22:19), and Paul's account of the Eucharistic rite in 1 Corinthians 11:24-25, the celebration of the Eucharist became central to Christian liturgy. Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and A Liturgy is a set form of ceremony or pattern of worship Christian liturgy is a pattern for worship used (whether recommended or prescribed by a Christian congregation or Naturally, the vessels used in this important act of worship were highly decorated and treated with great respect. A number of early examples of chalices have a large bowl and two handles. Over time, the size of the bowl diminished and the base became larger for better stability. Over time, official church regulations dictated the construction, blessing, and treatment of chalices. Some religious traditions still require that the chalice, at least on the inside of the cup, be made of gold. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Modern chalices may be made of clay, wood, glass, or other materials.
In Western Christianity, chalices will often have a pommel or node where the stem meets the cup to make the elevation easier. Western Christianity is a term used to cover the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, the Churches of the Anglican Communion, the Lutheran Church In Christian liturgy the Elevation is the ritual of raising the Consecrated elements of bread and wine during the celebration of the In Roman Catholicism, prior to Vatican II, chalices tended to be tulip-shaped, and the cups were quite narrow, since normally only the priests would receive the Blood of Christ during Mass. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities The Blood of Christ in Christian Theology refers to (a the physical blood actually shed by Jesus Christ on the Cross, and the salvation which Christianity The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. Under the Novus Ordo all communicants will normally receive from the chalice, so the cup of modern chalices tend to be larger. This article is about the post-Vatican-II changes to the Mass for an explanation of the current structure of the Mass see Mass (Catholic Church. Roman Catholic priests will often receive chalices from members of their families when first ordained. In general religious use ordination is the process by which individuals are consecrated, that is set apart as Clergy to perform various religious rites and ceremonies
In the Eastern Catholic, Oriental Orthodox, and the Eastern Orthodox churches, chalices will often have icons enameled or engraved on them, as well as a cross. This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. In Eastern Catholicism and Orthodoxy, all communicants receive both the Body of Christ and the Blood of Christ. Body of Christ is a term of Christian Theology, implicitly traceable to Jesus 's statement at the Last Supper that "This is my body" The Blood of Christ in Christian Theology refers to (a the physical blood actually shed by Jesus Christ on the Cross, and the salvation which Christianity To accomplish this, the Lamb (Host) is placed in the chalice, and then the faithful receive Communion on a spoon. The Lamb ( Greek:άμνος amnos; Slavonic: Агнецъ agnets) is the square portion of bread cut from the Prosphora in the Sacramental bread, sometimes called Lamb or Host is the bread which is used in the Christian ritual of the Eucharist. The Spoon ( Greek: Κοχλιάριον Kochliárion; Slavonic: Лжица Lzhítza) is a liturgical implement used to distribute Holy For this reason, eastern chalices tend to have larger, rounded cups. In the Russian Orthodox Church, the faithful will often kiss the "foot" (base) of the chalice after receiving Holy Communion. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure In other traditions, they will kiss the cup. Although Orthodox monks are not permitted to hold personal possessions, the canons permit a hieromonk (monk who has been ordained to the priesthood) to keep a chalice and other vessels necessary to celebrate the Divine Liturgy. MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective Canon law is internal ecclesiastical law governing the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches and the Anglican Communion of churches Hieromonk, or Hieroschemamonk, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, ( Greek: Ἱερομόναχος Ieromonachos; Slavonic: Ieromonakh The Divine Liturgy is the common term for the Eucharistic service of the Byzantine tradition of Christian liturgy.
In the early and medieval church, when a deacon was ordained, he would be handed a chalice during the service as a sign of his ministry. Deacon is a role in the Christian Church that is generally associated with service of some kind but which varies among theological and denominational traditions In general religious use ordination is the process by which individuals are consecrated, that is set apart as Clergy to perform various religious rites and ceremonies Early written accounts of the ordination of deaconesses also reflect this practice. Deaconess (and also Deacon) comes from a Greek word diakonos (διακονος In the West the deacon carries the chalice to the altar at the offertory; in the East, the priest carries the chalice. An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place Offertory (from the Ecclesiastical Latin offertorium, French offertoire, a place to which offerings were brought the Alms Only wine and watter are permitted to be placed in the chalice. It is considered to be one of the most sacred vessels in Christian liturgical worship, and it is often blessed before use. After being blessed, it may only be touched by an ordained member of the clergy.
The Holy Chalice
In Christian tradition the 'Holy Chalice is the vessel which Jesus used at the Last Supper to serve the wine. In Christian tradition the Holy Chalice is the vessel which Jesus used at the Last Supper to serve the wine Christian tradition is a collection of Traditions of practice or belief associated with Christianity. In Christian tradition the Holy Chalice is the vessel which Jesus used at the Last Supper to serve the wine In the Christian Gospels the Last Supper (also called the Lord's Supper or Mystical Supper) was the last meal Jesus shared with his New Testament texts make no mention of the cup except within the context of the Last Supper and give no significance whatever to the object itself. In the Christian Gospels the Last Supper (also called the Lord's Supper or Mystical Supper) was the last meal Jesus shared with his Herbert Thurston in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1908 concluded that "No reliable tradition has been preserved to us regarding the vessel used by Christ at the Last Supper. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia In the sixth and seventh centuries pilgrims to Jerusalem were led to believe that the actual chalice was still venerated in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, having within it the sponge which was presented to Our Saviour on Calvary. " Several surviving standing cups of precious materials are identified in local traditions as the Chalice.
Holy Grail
An entirely different and pervasive tradition concerns the cup of the Last Supper. According to Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish plate or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous powers In this highly muddled though better-known version, the vessel is known as Holy Grail. According to Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish plate or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous powers In this legend, the cup was used to collect and store the blood of Christ at the Crucifixion. This conflicts with the notion that Peter might have used the cup of the Last Supper to celebrate the Mass. In the Christian Gospels the Last Supper (also called the Lord's Supper or Mystical Supper) was the last meal Jesus shared with his Mass is a fundamental concept in Physics, roughly corresponding to the Intuitive idea of how much Matter there is in an object
The Da Vinci Code, a modern fiction by Dan Brown, suggested that a chalice represents the womb of a woman, and that the term "Holy Grail" (san gral) means the "holy blood" rather than a drinking vessel. The Da Vinci Code is a controversial mystery / detective Novel by US author Dan Brown, published in 2003 by Doubleday Dan Brown (born June 22 1964 is an American Author of Thriller fiction, best known for the 2003 bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code
Unitarian Universalism
At the opening of Unitarian Universalist worship services, many congregations light a flame inside a chalice. [1] A flaming chalice is the most widely used symbol of Unitarianism and Unitarian Universalism (UU), and the official logo of the Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) and other Unitarian and UU churches and societies. A flaming chalice is the most widely used symbol of Unitarianism and Unitarian Universalism and the official logo of the Unitarian Universalist Association Unitarianism as a theology is the belief in the single personality of God in contrast to the doctrine of the Trinity (three persons in one God Unitarian Universalism ( UUism) is a theologically liberal Religion characterized by its support for a "free and responsible search for truth Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA in full the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations in North America, is a liberal religious association [2] The design was originated by the artist Hans Deutsch, who took his inspiration from the chalices of oil burned on ancient Greek and Roman altars. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Ancient Roman religion encompasses the collection of Beliefs and Rituals practised in Ancient Rome in the form of Cult practices An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place It became an underground symbol in occupied Europe during World War II for assistance to help Unitarians, Jews, and other people escape Nazi persecution. German–occupied Europe refers to the countries of Europe which were occupied by the Military forces of Nazi Germany at various times during World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German [3] The chalice is often shown surrounded by two linked rings The two linked rings were used as an early symbol for the Unitarian Universalist Association, signifying the joining of Unitarianism and Universalism. There is no standardized interpretation of the flaming chalice symbol. In one interpretation, the chalice is a symbol of religion freedom from the impositions of doctrine by a hierarchy and openness to participation by all; the flame is interpreted as a memorial to those throughout history who sacrificed their lives for the cause of religious liberty. In another interpretation, the flaming chalice resembles a cross, symbolic of the Christian roots of Unitarian Universalism. [4]
Wicca
In Wicca a chalice, as a feminine principle, is often used in combination with the Athame (ceremonial black-handled knife), as male principle. of Wicca, modern Neopagan Witchcraft, use a range of (supposedly magical tools in their ritual practice An athame or athamé is a ceremonial double-edged dagger one of several magical tools used in Traditional Witchcraft and other pagan beliefs and religions such as Combining the two evokes the act of procreation, as a symbol of universal creativity. This is a symbol of the Great Rite in Wiccan rituals. In Wicca, the Great Rite is either ritual Sexual intercourse, or else a ritual symbolic representation of sexual intercourse A chalice is also used in the Small Rite.
Neo-Paganism
Some forms of Neo-Paganism make use of chalices in their rituals as well. Neopaganism or Neo-Paganism is an Umbrella term used to identify a wide variety of modern religious movements particularly those influenced by historical A chalice may be placed on an altar or on the ground. An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place The chalice may contain wine, whiskey, water, or other liquids. Whisky (uisge-beatha or whiskey (uisce beatha or fuisce) refers to a broad category of Alcoholic beverages that are distilled from fermented
Poisoned Chalice
The term "poisoned chalice" is applied to a thing or situation which appears to be good when it is received or experienced by someone, but then becomes or is found to be bad. The idea was referred to by Benedict of Nursia in one of his exorcisms, found on the Saint Benedict Medal: Vade retro Satana! Nunquam suade mihi vana! Sunt mala quae libas. "Saint Benedict" redirects here This article is about the founder of Western monasticism for other saints named Benedict see Benedict. Exorcism (from Late Latin exorcismus, from Greek exorkizein - to adjure is the practice of evicting Demons or other evil History The exact time and date of the making of the first St Ipse venena bibas! (Begone Satan! Never tempt me with your vanities! What you offer me is evil. Drink the poison yourself!).
William Shakespeare uses the expression in Act I Scene VII of Macbeth. William Shakespeare ( baptised Macbeth is among the best-known of William Shakespeare 's plays, and is his shortest tragedy, believed to have been written some time between It occurs in the opening soliloquy of the scene when Macbeth is considering the ramifications of the murder he is plotting.
But in these cases
We still have judgment here; that we but teach
Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return
To plague the inventor: this even-handed justice
Commends the ingredients of our poison'd chalice
To our own lips.
Heraldry
The use of chalices as heraldic devices is not unusual, especially in ecclesiastical heraldry. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. Ecclesiastical heraldry is the tradition of Heraldry developed by Christian Clergy. A number of cities and regions also make use of the chalice. For instance, the coat of arms of the municipality of Fanas in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the Swiss canton of Graubünden, bears a gold chalice on a solid blue background. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people Fanas is a municipality in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. Prättigau/Davos is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the states of the Federal state of Switzerland. Graubünden or Grisons ( German:, gʁaʊˈbyndən Italian: Grigioni; Romansh: Grischun) is the largest and easternmost
Gallery
 Treasure of Gourdon, 6th century AD |
 Tassilo Chalice, c. Bucchero (via ital from port bucáro – “odorous clay”) is a type of black Pottery typical for the Etruscan civilization. The Treasure of Gourdon ( Trésor de Gourdon) unearthed near Gourdon, Saône-et-Loire, in 1845 is a hoard of gold the objects dating to the end of the The Tassilo Chalice is a bronze chalice, gilded with silver and gold dating from the 8th century which has probably always been at Kremsmünster Abbey, Austria 780 (reproduction) |
 Ardagh Chalice, 9th century |
 Palais du Tau, treasure of the Cathedral of Reims, 12th century |
 Chalice from Borgå Cathedral (Porvoo Cathedral), c. The Ardagh Chalice which ranks with the Book of Kells as one of the finest known works of Insular art, indeed of Celtic art in general is thought The Palace of Tau (Palais du Tau in Reims, France, was the Palace of the Archbishop of Reims. Notre-Dame de Reims ( Our Lady of Rheims) is the Cathedral of Reims, where the kings of France were once crowned Porvoo cathedral (Porvoon tuomiokirkko Borgå domkyrka is a cathedral in Porvoo, Finland. 1250 |
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 Baroque chalice with a paten |
 Chalices belong to the collection of the religious museum of Ayerbe (Huesca) in Spain. (Trondhjem is a city and municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc The two on the left are 16th century and the remaing two are 18th century |
 Evangelical Communion Cup, 1831 |
 Marienkirche Dortmund Chalice, Münster, 1894 |
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 Marienkirche Dortmund Chalice (another), 1894 |
 Modern chalice with paten |
 Large modern chalice and paten |
 Protestant Communion Cups, in the form of individual chalices |
Alternate Usage
In French-Canadian culture, particularly in and around Quebec, the use of the names of holy objects such as "chalice" can be an alternate form of cursing. Lumijoki is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Oulu and is part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Dortmund (ˈdɔʁtmʊnt is a City in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Münster ( is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Somewhat equivalent to the American word "goddam" or the phrase "God damn it", the use of "chalice" or "tabernacle" as an interjection is not uncommon in Quebec. For example: "Chalice! I forgot to lock the front door" or muttering "tabernacle" under your breath after you get a flat tire. Presumably a derivation of "taking the Lord's name in vain" in the context of "Jesus Christ! Now What?" or similar outbursts. [5]
Notes
- ^ Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations (March 1), Our Symbol: the Flaming Chalice, <http://www.uua.org/visitors/6901.shtml>. Retrieved on 19 July 2007
- ^ Unitarian Universalist Association,"The History of the Flaming Chalice"
- ^ uuworld. org—liberal religion and life, Wartime origins of the flaming chalice, <http://www.uua.org/visitors/6901.shtml>. Retrieved on 19 July 2007
- ^ Unitarian Universalist Association (2007), The History of the Flaming Chalice, <http://www.uua.org/aboutuu/chalice.html>
- ^ Quebec swears by its English curses: But church-related expletives spoken in French not accepted on TV by Sean Gordon Toronto Red Star December 12, 2006
See also
- Intinction
- Ciborium
- Paten
- Corporal (liturgy)
- Communion under both kinds
- Ablution in Christianity
- Ardagh Chalice
- Tassilo Chalice
- Derrynaflan Chalice
- Treasure of Gourdon
- The Oxburgh Chalice
External links
- "Chalice" article from the Catholic Encyclopedia
- Stem glass classification
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