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| Capital | Ceuta | ||||
| Official languages | Spanish | ||||
| Area – Total – % of Spain |
Ranked 28 km² |
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| Population – Total (2006) – % of Spain – Density |
Ranked 76,861 2,709. The Flag of the Spanish Autonomous City of Ceuta is a black and white Gyronny with a central escutcheon displaying the municipal coat of Though a city of Spain, the Coat of arms of Ceuta is basically identical to the Coat of arms of Portugal, since that city was conquered by Portugal in 1415 An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Here is a list of the autonomous communities of Spain in order of Area. To help compare sizes of different geographic regions we list here Areas between 10 km² (1000 Hectares and 100 km² (10000 hectares Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different Here is a list of the autonomous communities and autonomous cities of Spain in order of Population ( 2005) 32/km² |
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| Demonym – English – Spanish |
Ceutan Ceutí |
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Statute of Autonomy
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March 14, 1995 | ||||
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– Congress seats – Senate seats |
2 |
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| President | Juan Jesús Vivas Lara (PP) | ||||
| ISO 3166-2 | ES-CE | ||||
| Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta | |||||
Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, which separates it from the Spanish mainland. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The Cortes Generales ( Spanish for General Courts or Cortes Españolas, Spanish Courts) is the Legislature of Spain. The Spanish Congress of Deputies (Spanish Congreso de los Diputados) is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain 's Legislative branch. The Spanish Senate ( Senado de España in Spanish) is the upper house of Spain 's Parliament, the Cortes Generales. List of Mayor-Presidents of Ceuta ( Alcalde-Presidente de Ceuta) The following persons have headed the administration of the municipality and autonomous region Juan Jesús Vivas Lara is the Mayor-President of the autonomous city of Ceuta in Spain. The People's Party ( Spanish: Partido Popular, PP) is the main right Political party in Spain. ISO 3166-2 is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes The section that applies to Spain codes the Provinces of Spain. The plazas de soberanía ("places of sovereignty" formerly referred as "África Septentrional Española" (Spanish North Africa or simply "África Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan The Strait of Gibraltar ( Arabic: مضيق جبل طارق Spanish: Estrecho de Gibraltar) is the Strait that connects the Atlantic The area of Ceuta is approximately 28 km². Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of
Ceuta is dominated by a hill called Monte Hacho, on which there is a fort occupied by the Spanish Army. Monte Hacho is a low mountain that overlooks the Spanish enclave of Ceuta, on the north coast of Africa. The Spanish Army ( Ejército de Tierra in Spanish; literally "Land Army" is one of oldest active armies in the world and a branch of the Spanish Monte Hacho is one of the possible locations for the southern Pillars of Hercules of Greek Legend, the other possibility being Jebel Musa. Monte Hacho is a low mountain that overlooks the Spanish enclave of Ceuta, on the north coast of Africa. The Pillars of Hercules was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. Jebel Musa (جبل موسى ar-Latn Jabal Mūsā; Amazigh: Adrar Musa) is the name given to a mountain located in the northernmost part of Morocco
Contents |
History
Ceuta's strategic location has made it the crucial waypoint of many cultures' trade and military ventures — beginning with the Carthaginians in the 5th century BC, who called the city Abyla. Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers It was not until the Romans took control in about A. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial D. 42 that the port city (then named Septem) assumed an almost exclusive military purpose. Approximately 400 years later, the Vandals ousted the Romans for control, and later it fell to the Visigoths of Hispania and the Byzantines. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar
In 710, as Muslim armies approached the city, its Byzantine governor Julian (also described as "king of the Ghomara") changed sides and urged them to invade the Iberian Peninsula. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Julian Count of Ceuta was a Legendary Christian local ruler or subordinate ruler in North Africa who had a role in the Umayyad conquest of Hispania - a The Ghomara are an originally Berber group in northern Morocco, between the rivers Oued Laou and Ouringa, north of Chefchaouen and The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Under the leadership of Berber general Tariq ibn Ziyad, Ceuta was used as a prime staging ground for an assault on Visigothic Hispania soon after. Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. Tariq Ibn Ziyad or Taric bin Zeyad (طارق بن زياد d 720 known in Spanish history and legend as Taric el Tuerto (Taric the one-eyed was A staging area is a location where organisms people vehicles equipment or material are assembled prior to their use The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar
After Julian's death the Arabs took direct control of the city; this was resented by the surrounding indigenous Berber tribes, who destroyed it in a Kharijite rebellion led by Maysara al-Haqir in 740. Kharijites (Arabic Khawārij خوارج literally "Those who Went Out" is a general term embracing various Muslims who while initially supporting the It lay in waste until refounded in the 9th century by Majakas, chief of the Majkasa Berber tribe, who started the short-lived dynasty of the Banu Isam. The Banu Isam were a Muslim Berber dynasty that ruled Ceuta, Spain, for four generations Under his great-grandson they briefly paid allegiance to the Idrisids; the dynasty finally ended when he abdicated in favour of the Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba Abd ar-Rahman III in 931, so the city returned to the Hispanic Andalusian rule like Melilla in 927 and Tanger in 951. The Idrisids ( Arabic, الأدارسة) were the first Sayyid Shia dynasty in the western Maghreb ruling from 788 The Caliphate of Córdoba (Arabic خلافة قرطبة ruled the Iberian peninsula ( Al-Andalus) and North Africa from the city of Abd-ar-Rahman III ( ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh; Arabic: عبد الرحمن الثالث January 11 889 – October Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or Melilla is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African coast Tangier or Tangiers ]] ( Tanja طنجة in Berber and Arabic, Tánger in Spanish Chaos ensued with the fall of the Umayyad caliphate in 1031, but eventually Ceuta, together with the rest of Muslim Spain were taken over by the Almoravids in 1084. The Almoravids, was a Berber dynasty from the Sahara that spread over a wide area of North-Western Africa and the Iberian peninsula during The Almoravids were succeeded by the Almohads who conquered Ceuta in 1147 ruling it, apart from Ibn Hud's rebellion of 1232, until the Hafsids of Tunisia took it in 1242. The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i Hafsid was a dynasty ruling Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) from 1229 to 1574. The Hafsids' influence in the west rapidly waned, and the city expelled them in 1249; after this, it went through a period of political instability during which the city was disputed between the Kingdom of Fez and the Kingdom of Granada. The Kingdom of Fez was a state of North Africa. It bordered the Mediterranean Sea to its north Spain (Melilla to the northeast Abdalwadid Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain.
In 1387, Ceuta was conquered for the last time by the Kingdom of Fez, with Aragonese help. The Kingdom of Fez was a state of North Africa. It bordered the Mediterranean Sea to its north Spain (Melilla to the northeast Abdalwadid The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon.
In 1415, Ceuta was occupied by the Portuguese during the reign of John I of Portugal. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula.
After Portugal lost its independence to Spain in 1580, the majority of the population of Ceuta became of Spanish origin. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. This went to the extent of Ceuta being the only city of the Portuguese Empire that sided with Spain when Portugal regained its independence in 1640 and war broke out between the two countries. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta
The formal allegiance of Ceuta to Spain was recognized by the Treaty of Lisbon by which, on January 1, 1668, King Afonso VI of Portugal formally ceded Ceuta to Carlos II of Spain. The Treaty of Lisbon of 1668 was signed on February 13, 1668 between Dom Pedro the Prince Regent of Portugal future king Peter II of Portugal, in the New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Ancestors Charles II ( November 6 1661, Madrid – November 1 1700, Madrid was the last Habsburg King of Spain and the However, the originally Portuguese flag and coat of arms of Ceuta remained unchanged and modern day Ceuta flag features the configuration of the Portuguese shield. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people The flag of Portugal is a rectangle-shaped vertical bicolor featuring a field unequally divided into Green, on the hoist, and Red on the The flag's background is also the same as that of the flag of Lisbon. Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal.
When Spain recognized the independence of Spanish Morocco in 1956, Ceuta and the other plazas de soberanía remained under Spanish rule as they were considered integral parts of the Spanish state. Spanish protectorate of Morocco (حماية إسبانيا في المغرب (Protectorado español de Marruecos was the area of Morocco under colonial rule by the The plazas de soberanía ("places of sovereignty" formerly referred as "África Septentrional Española" (Spanish North Africa or simply "África
Culturally, modern Ceuta is considered part of the Spanish region of Andalusia. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area Indeed, it was until recently attached to the province of Cádiz - the Spanish coast being only 20 km away. Cádiz ( Spanish:) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of the same name, a province which is one of eight It is a very cosmopolitan city, with a large ethnic Berber Muslim minority as well as a Sephardic Jewish minority. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************
On November 5, 2007, King Juan Carlos I visited the city, sparking great enthusiasm from the local population and protests from the Moroccan government [1]. Early life Juan Carlos was born in Rome, where his grandfather Alfonso XIII of Spain lived in exile after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic It was the first time a Spanish head of state had visited Ceuta in 80 years.
Administration
Ceuta is known officially in Spanish as Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta (lit. Autonomous City of Ceuta), with a rank between a standard Spanish city and an autonomous community. An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. Before the Statute of Autonomy, Ceuta was part of the Cádiz province. Nominally a Statute of Autonomy is a Law hierarchically located under the Constitution of a country and over any other form of legislation (including Organic Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia, the southernmost part of continental
Ceuta is part of the territory of the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The city was a free port before Spain joined the European Union in 1986. A free port ( porto franco) or free zone (US Foreign-Trade Zone is a port or area with relaxed jurisdiction with respect to the country of location Now it has a low-tax system within the European Monetary System. As of 2006, its population was 75,861.
Ceuta does not have an airport. There is, however, a regular helicopter service linking it to Málaga Airport. Málaga Airport is the main airport for the Costa del Sol of Spain. Access to and from Ceuta is by ferry or land.
Political status
The government of Morocco has called for the integration of Ceuta and Melilla, along with uninhabited islands such as Isla Perejil, into its national territory, drawing comparisons with Spain's territorial claim to Gibraltar, which is a British Overseas Territory situated on the mainland of Spain. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Melilla is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African coast Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar In both cases, the national governments and local populations of the contended territories reject these claims by a wide margin.
ISO 3166-1 reserves EA as the country code for Ceuta and Melilla. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> ISO 3166-1, as part of the ISO 3166 standard Melilla is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African coast The amateur radio call sign used for both cities is EA9, and they count as one separate "entity. Amateur radio, often called ham radio, is both a Hobby and a service in which participants called "hams" use various types of Radio communications In Broadcasting and Radio communications a call sign (also known as a callsign or call letters, or abbreviated as a call, or otherwise "
Ecclesiastical history
By the Concordat of 1851 the diocese of Ceuta, a suffragan of the Andalusian archbishopric of Seville, was suppressed and incorporated in the diocese of Cádiz, whose bishop usually was the Apostolic Administrator of Ceuta. A concordat usually refers to an agreement between the Apostolic See and a Government of a certain country on religious matters although it is also used Cádiz ( Spanish:) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of the same name, a province which is one of eight
Economy
The official currency of Ceuta is the Euro. It is part of a special low tax zone in Spain. [2]
Ceuta is one of two Spanish port cities on the northern shore of Africa, along with Melilla. They are historically military strongholds, freeports, oil ports, and also fishing and smuggling centers. [3] Today the economy of the city depends heavily on its port (now in expansion) and its industrial and retail centres. [4]
Along with Melilla, Ceuta is the main link between the Minor Plazas and especially the Islas Chafarinas and the outside world. Islas Chafarinas (Chafarinas Islands are a group of three small Islets located in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Morocco with an aggregate area Over 2. 5 million passengers (such as by ferry) came annually during the 1980s. Most passengers however, were recorded as en route to Morocco or to mainland Spain. As of the mid-1990s, Spain adopted a policy of down-playing use of port, to de-emphasize the economic significance of the city. Ceuta is a major Mediterranean port, as recently as the 1960s it was the primary port for all of Spain.
See also
References
- ^ Ceuta y Melilla son España, dice Juan Carlos I; Sebta y Melilia son nuestras, responde Mohamed VI
- ^ Economic Data of Ceuta, de ceutna digital
- ^ pp. 6-7, IBRU, Boundary and Territory Briefing. Ceuta and the Spanish Sovereign Territories: Spanish and Moroccan
- ^ Economic Data of Ceunta, de ceutna digital
External links
- (Spanish) Information on the history of Ceuta
- (Spanish) Official Ceuta government website
- Time Magazine: Al-Qaeda Eyes Spain's 'Lost City'
- Spain's North African enclaves
- Documentary about illegal immigrants trying to reach Ceuta from Morocco
- Ceuta is at coordinates Coordinates:
- Satellite image of Ceuta
- Images of Ceuta
- This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. The Ceuta border fence is a Separation barrier between Morocco and Spain by Ceuta, a city in the North African coast Spanish protectorate of Morocco (حماية إسبانيا في المغرب (Protectorado español de Marruecos was the area of Morocco under colonial rule by the The Rock of Gibraltar (sometimes called the Pillar of Hercules or by its Latin name Calpe) is a Monolithic Limestone Promontory A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia
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