The Cessna Citation is a marketing name used by Cessna for its line of business jets. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Business jet, private jet or colloquially bizjet is a term describing a Jet aircraft, usually of smaller size designed for transporting groups of An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The Cessna Aircraft Company is an airplane manufacturing corporation headquartered in Wichita, Kansas. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Cessna Aircraft Company is an airplane manufacturing corporation headquartered in Wichita, Kansas. Business jet, private jet or colloquially bizjet is a term describing a Jet aircraft, usually of smaller size designed for transporting groups of Rather than one particular model of aircraft, the name applies to several "families" of turbofan-powered aircraft which have been produced over the years. A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine Within each of the six distinct families, aircraft design improvements, market pressures and re-branding efforts have resulted in a number of variants, so that the Citation lineage has become quite complex. Military variants include the T-47 and UC-35 series aircraft.
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Citation product lineage overview
- FanJet 500, the prototype for the original Citation family, first flew 1969-09-15. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. [1]
- Citation I (Model 500) originally called the Citation 500 before Cessna finally settled on Citation I, by which time the design had changed quite a bit from the FanJet 500. The original Citation I was one of the first light corporate jets to be powered by turbofan engines. A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine Production ceased in 1985. [2]
- Citation I/SP (Model 501) single-pilot operations[3]
- Citation II (Model 550) a larger stretched development of the Model 500 first produced in 1978. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Initially replaced by the S/II in production, but was brought back and produced side-by-side with the S/II until the Bravo was introduced. [4][5]
- T-47 (Model 552) is the military designation of the Citation II. The U.S. Navy purchased 15 T-47A aircraft as radar system trainers, and the DoD purchased five OT-47B models for drug interdiction reconnaissance. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government [6]
- Citation II/SP (Model 551) single-pilot operations[4][7]
- Citation S/II (Model S550) incorporated a number of improvements, especially an improved wing. Replaced the II in production. [4][8]
- Citation Bravo (Model 550) updated II and S/II with new PW530A engines, landing gear and Primus 1000 avionics. [9][10] The last Citation Bravo rolled off the production line in late 2006, ending a nearly 10 year production run of 337 aircraft. [11]
- Citation V (Model 560), growth variant of the Citation II/SP JT15D-5A[12][13]
- Citation Ultra (Model 560) upgraded Citation V with JT15D-5D, EFIS instruments[13]
- UC-35A Army transport version of the V Ultra. An electronic flight instrument system, or EFIS is a flight deck instrument display system in which the display technology used is electronic rather than electromechanical
- UC-35C Marine Corps version of the V Ultra. [14]
- Citation Encore (Model 560) upgraded Citation Ultra with PW535A engines and improved trailing-link landing gear[13]
- UC-35B Army transport version of the Encore.
- UC-35D Marine Corps version of the Encore. [14]
- Citation Encore+ (Model 560) upgraded Encore includes FADEC and a redesigned avionics. A FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control is a system consisting of a Digital Computer, called an Electronic Engine Control (EEC or Electronic Control [13]
- Citation Ultra (Model 560) upgraded Citation V with JT15D-5D, EFIS instruments[13]
- Citation III (Model 650) all-new design. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [15][16][17]
- Citation IV was a proposed upgrade of the III, but was cancelled by Cessna. [15]
- Citation VI (Model 650) was a low-cost derivative of the III which had a different avionics suite and non-custom interior design. [15][16]
- Citation VII (Model 650) was an upgrade of the III that was in production from 1992 to 2000. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. [15][18]
- Citation X (Model 750) (X as in the Roman numeral for ten), an all-new design, the fastest civilian aircraft in the world since the retirement of Concorde. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [19] 24 feet of stand-up cabin space. [20]
- Citation Excel (Model 560XL), utilized a shortened Citation X fuselage combined with the V Ultra's straight wing and the V's tail; used new PW545A engines. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [21][22] Includes a stand-up cabin.
- Citation XLS, evolved from the Excel
- Citation XLS+ which includes FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control) and a redesigned avionics system. A FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control is a system consisting of a Digital Computer, called an Electronic Engine Control (EEC or Electronic Control [23]
- Citation Sovereign (Model 680), utilizes a stretched version of the Excel's fuselage with an all-new moderately swept wing. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [24][25] Stand-up cabin is 24 feet long. [26]
- CitationJet (Model 525) essentially an all-new design, the only carry-over being the Citation I's forward fuselage. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [27] The 525 series models all feature a shorter cabin; Not a stand-up.
- CJ1 (Model 525) Improved version of the CitationJet[27]
- CJ2 (Model 525A) Stretched version of the CJ1. A FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control is a system consisting of a Digital Computer, called an Electronic Engine Control (EEC or Electronic Control [27]
- CJ3 (Model 525B) Extension of the CJ2. [31]
- CJ4 (Model 525C) An extension of the CJ3, with new Williams FJ44-4 engines and the moderately swept wing borrowed from the Sovereign. The Williams FJ44 is a family of small two-spool Turbofan engines produced by Williams International / Rolls-Royce for the light Business jet [32] The first flight of the CJ4 is slated for the first half of 2008 with customer deliveries to follow in 2010. [33]
- Citation Mustang (Model 510), a new Very Light Jet (VLJ), even smaller and lighter than the CitationJet I, meant to compete with the new breed of VLJs from Piper, Embraer, and Eclipse Aviation, Adam Aircraft Industries. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout see also List of very light jets A very light jet ( VLJ) previously known as a microjet, is by convention a small Jet aircraft Embraer -- IPA [ɪ̃ⁿbɾaˈɛɾ] -- the Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S Eclipse Aviation Corporation is the manufacturer of the Eclipse 500 and Eclipse 400 Very light jets (VLJs Adam Aircraft Industries ( AAI) is an Aircraft manufacturer founded by George F [34]
- Citation Columbus (Model 850), a future intercontinental large cabin corporate jet. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [35]
Original Citation family
The Citation name also frequently applies to the original straight-wing family of jets, each of which has evolved from the first Citation I.
FanJet 500
In October, 1968, Cessna announced plans to build an eight-place business jet that, unlike its competition, would be suitable for operations from shorter airfields, essentially aiming to compete in the light-to-medium twin turboprop market, rather than the existing business jet market. A turboprop engine is a type of aircraft powerplant that uses a Gas turbine engine to drive a Propeller. First flight of the prototype aircraft, then called the FanJet 500, took place a little under a year later, on September 15, 1969[1]
Citation I series
After a longer-than-expected development flight test program, during which the name Citation 500 was tried, and a number of changes to the design, the finished aircraft was debuted with the new name Citation (Model 500) and received its FAA certification in September, 1971. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1969: Events The Canadian Snowbirds Aerobatic team is formed The aircraft was powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D-1 turbofan engines. The JT15D is a small Turbofan engine built by Pratt & Whitney Canada. With fan engines, rather than turbojet engines such as powered the contemporary Learjet 25, and a straight, rather than swept wings, the Citation was over 120 knots slower than the Lear 25 (max speed of 350 kts compared with 473 kts for the LJ25), which led to nicknames such as "Slowtation" and "Nearjet", and raised eyebrows in the aviation media. TurboJET (噴射飛航 is the brand name for the operations of the Hong Kong -based Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Management Limited (信德中旅船務管理有限公司 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A swept-wing is a wing Planform common on high-speed Aircraft, with the wing swept back instead of being set at right angles to the Fuselage. [1][36]. The Citation I had a maximum take-off weight of 10,850lbs, and a maximum of 8 people on board. [37]
In 1976, several product improvements were added to the aircraft in response to market pressures, including a higher maximum gross weight and thrust reversers, which made shorter landing fields available to customers. Thrust reversal, also called reverse thrust, is the temporary diversion of an Aircraft engine 's exhaust or changing of propeller pitch so that the thrust produced With these improvements came the name Citation I[1]
When production on the Citation I finally ended in 1985, 377 airframes had been built. [2] The aircraft's position in the Citation product line was not filled until much later, with the introduction of the Cessna CitationJet. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Like the Learjets, the Citation I required a crew of two. But since the Citation was intended to be marketed against twin turboprops, which can be flown by a single pilot, this restriction limited its intended market. Cessna's answer was the Model 501 Citation I/SP, with SP referring to its certified single-pilot capability. The aircraft was first delivered in early 1977, and a total of 312 aircraft were produced, and production also ended in 1985. [1][3] New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson was killed in his Citation I/SP on August 2, 1979 while practicing touch-and-go landings. The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City, New York. Catcher is also a general term for a fielder who catches the ball in Cricket. Thurman Lee Munson ( June 7 1947 – August 2 1979) was an American Catcher in Major League Baseball who played Touch-and-go and/or "circuits" are pilot 's terms for a maneuver that is common when learning to fly a Fixed-wing aircraft. [38]
Citation V
After stretching the Citation I to make the II, Cessna decided to increase the size of the cabin again, stretching the fuselage by another 20 inches, resulting in the largest member of the straight-wing family, the Model 560 Citation V. The first engineering prototype flew in August, 1987, and certification was granted in December, 1988. The aircraft utilized the T-47A's JT15D5A engines for extra performance. By the time the aircraft was superseded in 1994, 262 had been built. [12]
Citation Ultra and Encore
In 1993, Cessna decided to update the Citation V design, and announced the Citation Ultra, with the main differences being in the engines, which were the latest JT15D-5D version, and the standard avionics suite, which was updated to the Honeywell Primus 1000 EFIS glass cockpit. Honeywell ( is a major American multinational conglomerate company that produces a variety of consumer products engineering services and aerospace systems An electronic flight instrument system, or EFIS is a flight deck instrument display system in which the display technology used is electronic rather than electromechanical A glass cockpit is an Aircraft cockpit that features electronic instrument displays. The Primus 1000 replaced the standard "round dial" flight instruments with three CRT computer screens, one for each pilot and one center mulifunction display. [12] In 1994, the Ultra was named Flying magazine's "Best Business Jet". The Ultra was produced from 1994-1999.
The UC-35A is the U.S. Army designation and UC-35C is the U.S. Marine Corps designation for the Citation Ultra, which replaced older versions of the C-12 Huron. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [39]
Five years later, in 1998, the Model 560 was upgraded again as the Citation Encore, with Pratt & Whitney Canada PW535A engines and an increase in fuel capacity. The Pratt & Whitney Canada PW500 is a series of medium thrust Turbofan engines designed specifically for Business jet applications [12][40] The Encore was certified in April 2000 with first delivery in late September 2000. The next upgrade was the Citation Encore+, with the addition of FADEC-controlled PW535B engines and Rockwell-Collins Pro Line 21 avionics suite. A FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control is a system consisting of a Digital Computer, called an Electronic Engine Control (EEC or Electronic Control [41] The Encore+ was certified by the FAA in December 2006, with deliveries of production aircraft expected in the first quarter of 2007.
The UC-35B is the Army designation and UC-35D is the Marine Corps designation for the Citation Encore. [42][14]
Operators
Military operators
Argentina
Chile
Colombia
People's Republic of China
Ecuador
Pakistan
South Africa
Spain
Switzerland
United States
Venezuela
Accidents and incidents
- On 30 March 2008, a Citation 501 came down in Farnborough in Kent in the United Kingdom, crashing into a house and garage. The Swiss Air Force ( Schweizer Luftwaffe, Forces aériennes suisses, Forze Aeree Svizzere) is the air component For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Farnborough is a settlement in the London Borough of Bromley. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located All of the plane's 5 occupants (2 pilots and 3 passengers), which included former BTCC driver David Leslie, were killed in the accident. The British Touring Car Championship is a Touring car racing series held each year in the United Kingdom. [43] Police have said a few people suffered minor injuries on the ground, mostly suffering from shock. Residents in the most severely damaged house were thought to be away. The pilot reported strong engine vibrations before crashing. The plane, which was privately owned, was en route from Biggin Hill in Bromley, to Circuit Paul Armagnac in southwestern France. London Biggin Hill Airport is an airport at Biggin Hill on the southern edge of the United Kingdom 's capital city of London. Circuit Paul Armagnac is a Motorsport Race track near Nogaro in southwestern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. [44]
- See also: 2008 Farnborough plane crash
Specifications Cessna S550 Citation S/II
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Capacity: 8 passengers
- Length: 47 ft 3 in (14. At 1438 built in 1975 Final flight after take-off from runway 21 at Biggin Hill airport the pilot radioed a Mayday call stating he had severe engine vibrations 39 m)
- Wingspan: 52 ft 3 in (15. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 91 m)
- Height: 15 ft 0 in (4. 57 m)
- Wing area: 343 ft² (31. 8 m²)
- Empty weight: 8,060 lb (3,655 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 15,100 lb (6,850 kg)
- Powerplant: 2× Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D4B turbofans, 2,500 lbf (11. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off The JT15D is a small Turbofan engine built by Pratt & Whitney Canada. A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine 1 kN) each
Performance
- Cruise speed: 403 knots (464 mph, 746 km/h)
- Range: 2,000 nm (2,300 mi 3,700 km)
- Service ceiling: 43,000 ft (13,100 m)
- Rate of climb: 3,040 ft/min (15. In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such The maximal total range is the distance an Aircraft can fly between Takeoff and Landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft or cross-country In Aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum Density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions In Aerodynamics, the rate of climb RoC is the speed at which an Aircraft increases its Altitude. 4 m/s)
See also
Related development
- Cessna Citation IISII/Bravo
- Cessna Citation III/VI/VII
- Cessna Citation X
- Cessna Citation Excel/XLS/XLS+
- Cessna CitationJet/CJ series
- Cessna Citation Sovereign
- Cessna Citation Mustang
- Cessna Citation Columbus
Comparable aircraft
References
- ^ a b c d e The Cessna 500 & 501 Citation, Citation I & Citation I/SP at Airliners.net
- ^ a b Citation I info from Aviation Safety Network
- ^ a b Citation I/SP info from Aviation Safety Network
- ^ a b c The Cessna Citation II & Bravo from Airliners.net
- ^ Citation II info from Aviation Safety Network
- ^ OT-47B information from GlobalSecurity.org
- ^ Citation II/SP info from Aviation Safety Network
- ^ Citation S550 info from Aviation Safety Network
- ^ Citation Bravo info from Aviation Safety Network
- ^ "Cessna Citation Bravo Light Business Jet Cessna Citation Bravo Light Business Jet, USA", Aerospace-Technology.com
- ^ Cessna Press Release Recent Milestones for Cessna’s Citation Business Jet Programs July 17, 2006
- ^ a b c d The Cessna 560 Citation V, Ultra & Encore from Airliners.net
- ^ a b c d Citation V, Ultra and Encore info from Aviation Safety Network
- ^ a b c "NAVAIR Oversees Final Marine Corps Cessna Citation Encore Delivery" May 24, 2006
- ^ a b c d The Cessna Citation III, VI & VII from Airliners.net
- ^ a b Citation III and VI info from Aviation Safety Network
- ^ "Cessna Citation CJ3 Business Jet Cessna Citation CJ3 Business Jet, USA", Aerospace-Technology.com
- ^ Citation VII info from Aviation Safety Network
- ^ The Cessna Citation X from Airliners.net
- ^ Cessna Citation X web site
- ^ The Cessna 560XL Citation Excel from Airlines.net
- ^ Citation Excel info from Aviation Safety Network
- ^ Cessna XLS+ web site
- ^ The Cessna 680 Citation Sovereign from Airliners.net
- ^ Citation 680 Sovereign info from Aviation Safety Network
- ^ Cessna Sovereign web site
- ^ a b c The Cessna CitationJet, CJ1 & CJ2 from Airliners.net
- ^ Cessna Citation CJ1+ web site
- ^ "New Cessna Citation CJ1 Receives FAA Type Certification", Jobwerx News
- ^ Cessna CJ2+ web site
- ^ Cessna Citation CJ3 web site
- ^ Cessna Citation CJ4 web site
- ^ Cessna Press Release Cessna Launches Citation CJ4 at NBAA; Starts Show with 70 Orders Cessna In the News, October 16, 2006
- ^ Cessna Citation Mustang web site
- ^ Cessna Citation Columbus web site
- ^ Aircraft Nicknames
- ^ BBC NEWS | UK | Bodies recovered from fatal crash
- ^ NTSB Thurman Munson accident brief
- ^ UC-35A information from GlobalSecurity.org
- ^ Citation Encore specifications from Cessna
- ^ Citation Encore+ specifications from Cessna
- ^ UC-35B information from GlobalSecurity.org
- ^ David Leslie and Richard Lloyd killed in plane accident. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Learjet 45 aircraft is a mid-sized Business jet aircraft produced by Bombardier Aerospace. Planetlemans (30 March 2008). Retrieved on 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
- ^ No survivors in Kent plane crash
External links
- Cessna Citation home page
- Cessna Citation X web site
- Cessna Citation Sovereign web site
- Cessna Citation Encore+ web site
- Cessna Citation XLS+ web site
- Cessna Authorized Sales Representative Germany
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