Inferior aspect of the human brain showing the arterial pattern

Cerebral circulation refers to the movement of blood through the network of blood vessels supplying the brain. Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells €”such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products The blood vessels are part of the Circulatory system and function to transport Blood throughout the body The brain is the center of the Nervous system in animals All Vertebrates and the majority of Invertebrates have a brain The arteries deliver oxygenated blood, glucose and other nutrients to the brain and the veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, removing carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and other metabolic products. Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. In the Circulatory system, a vein is a Blood vessel that carries Blood back toward the Heart (as opposed to Artery, a blood vessel The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Lactic acid ( IUPAC Systematic name: 2-hydroxypropanoic acid) also known as milk acid, is a Chemical compound that plays a role Since the brain is very vulnerable to compromises in its blood supply, the cerebral circulatory system has many safeguards. Failure of these safeguards results in cerebrovascular accidents, commonly known as strokes. A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain The amount of blood that the cerebral circulation carries is known as cerebral blood flow. Cerebral blood flow, or CBF, is the blood supply to the Brain in a given time

The following description is based on idealized human cerebral circulation. The pattern of circulation and its nomenclature vary between organisms.

Cerebral arteries

There are four cerebral arteries. Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. The largest are the two internal carotid arteries, the left and right branches of the common carotid arteries in the neck which enter the skull, as opposed to the external carotid branches which supply the facial tissues. In Human anatomy, the internal carotid artery is a major Artery of the head and neck that helps supply blood to the Brain. In Human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an Artery that supplies the head and neck with Oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the In Human anatomy, the external carotid artery is a major Artery of the head and neck The two smaller arteries are the vertebral arteries, which branch from the subclavian arteries which primarily supply the shoulders, lateral chest and arms. The vertebral arteries are branches of the subclavian arteries. In Human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major Artery of the upper Thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms

Within the cranium, which houses the brain, the two vertebral arteries fuse into the basilar artery, which is located underneath, and primarily supplies, the brainstem. In Human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the Brain with oxygen-rich blood

Both internal carotid arteries, within and along the floor of the cerebral vault, are interconnected via the anterior communicating artery. In Human anatomy, the internal carotid artery is a major Artery of the head and neck that helps supply blood to the Brain. Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. In Human anatomy, the anterior communicating artery is a Blood vessel of the Brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries Additionally, both internal carotid arteries are interconnected with the basilar artery via bilateral posterior communicating arteries. In Human anatomy, the internal carotid artery is a major Artery of the head and neck that helps supply blood to the Brain. In Human anatomy, the posterior communicating artery is a one of a pair of right-sided and left-sided Blood vessels in the Circle of Willis. Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart.

The Circle of Willis, long considered to be an important anatomic vascular formation, provides backup circulation to the brain. The circle of Willis (also called the cerebral arterial circle or arterial circle of Willis) is a circle of arteries that supply blood to the Brain In case one of the supply arteries is occluded, the Circle of Willis provides interconnections between the internal carotid arteries and basilar artery along the floor of the cerebral vault, providing blood to tissues that would otherwise become ischemic. The circle of Willis (also called the cerebral arterial circle or arterial circle of Willis) is a circle of arteries that supply blood to the Brain In Human anatomy, the internal carotid artery is a major Artery of the head and neck that helps supply blood to the Brain. Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. In Human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the Brain with oxygen-rich blood In Medicine, ischemia ( Greek ισχαιμία, isch- is restriction hema or haema is Blood) is a restriction

Cerebral venous drainage

The venous drainage of the cerebrum can be separated into two subdivisions: superficial and deep. The superficial system is composed of dural venous sinuses, which have wall composed of dura mater as opposed to a traditional vein. The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous channels found between layers of Dura The dural sinuses are, therefore located on the surface of the cerebrum. The most prominent of these sinuses is the Superior sagittal sinus which flows in the sagittal plane under the midline of the cerebral vault, posteriorly and inferiorly to the torcula, forming the Confluence of sinuses, where the superficial drainage joins with the sinus the primarily drains the deep venous system. The superior sagittal sinus (also known as the superior longitudinal sinus) within a human Cranium, is an area above/behind the brain which allows Blood veins The Superior sagittal sinus, Straight sinus, and Occipital sinus connect at a series of channels that comprise the confluence of sinuses, which is found From here, two transverse sinuses bifurcate and travel laterally and inferiorly in an S-shaped curve that form the sigmoid sinuses which go on to form the two jugular veins. For the transverse pericardial sinus see Pericardial sinus. The transverse sinuses (left and right lateral sinuses within a human head The sigmoid sinuses (left & right within a human head are 2 areas beneath the brain which allow blood veins to span the area from the center of the head downward The jugular veins are Veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the Head back to the heart via the Superior vena cava. In the neck, the jugular veins parallel the upward course of the carotid arteries and drain blood into the vena cava. The jugular veins are Veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the Head back to the heart via the Superior vena cava. In Human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an Artery that supplies the head and neck with Oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the The superior and inferior vena cava are collectively called the venae cavae. The deep venous drainage is primarily composed of traditional veins inside the deep structures of the brain, which join behind the midbrain to form the Vein of Galen. This vein merges with the Inferior sagittal sinus to form the Straight sinus which then joins the superficial venous system mentioned above at the Confluence of sinuses. The inferior sagittal sinus (also known by the alternate term inferior longitudinal sinus) within the human head is an area beneath the brain which allows blood veins to span The straight sinus (also known by the alternate anatomical term tentorial sinus) within the human head is an area beneath the brain which allows blood veins to span the area The Superior sagittal sinus, Straight sinus, and Occipital sinus connect at a series of channels that comprise the confluence of sinuses, which is found

See also

• Cerebral blood flow
• Cerebral perfusion pressure

External links

• Computer Model of the Cerebral Circulation for Training and Education. Cerebral blood flow, or CBF, is the blood supply to the Brain in a given time Cerebral perfusion pressure, or CPP, is the net Pressure gradient causing blood flow to the brain (brain Perfusion)
• Cerebral circulation