A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the velocity of a fluid. A Coal Preparation Plant (CPP is a facility that washes Coal of Soil and rock, preparing it for Transport to market For information on Wikipedia project-related discussions see WikipediaVillage pump. An impeller is a rotor inside a tube or conduit to increase the pressure and flow of a fluid Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move liquids through a piping system. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber, from where it exits into the downstream piping system. A volute is a spiral scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column Centrifugal pumps are used for large discharge through smaller heads
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History
A water or mud-lifting machine that, according to the Brazilian historian of science Reti, "must be characterized as the prototype of the centrifugal pump" appeared as early as 1475 in a treatise by the Italian Renaissance engineer Francesco di Giorgio Martini. Francesco di Giorgio Martini (baptised September 23, 1439 – 1502 was an Italian painter of the Sienese School, a sculptor an architect [1] True centrifugal pumps were not developed until the late 1600's, when Denis Papin made one with straight vanes. Denis Papin ( 22 August 1647 - c 1712 was a French Physicist, Mathematician and Inventor, best known for his pioneering The curved vane was introduced by British inventor John Appold in 1851. John George Appold, FRS (born on 14 April 1800 died on 31 August 1865 fur dyer and Engineer, was a pioneer of the Centrifugal pump: he introduced 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year
How it Works
A centrifugal pump works by the conversion of the rotational kinetic energy, typically from an electric motor or turbine, to an increased static fluid pressure. This action is described by Bernoulli's principle. In Fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that for an Inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in The rotation of the pump impeller imparts kinetic energy to the fluid as it is drawn in from the impeller eye (centre) and is forced outward through the impeller vanes to the periphery. As the fluid exits the impeller, the fluid kinetic energy (velocity) is then converted to (static) pressure due to the change in area the fluid experiences in the volute section. Typically the volute shape of the pump casing (increasing in volume), or the diffuser vanes (which serve to slow the fluid, converting to kinetic energy in to flow work) are responsible for the energy conversion. The energy conversion results in an increased pressure on the downstream side of the pump, causing flow.
Multistage Centrifugal Pumps
A centrifugal pump containing two or more impellers is called a multistage centrifugal pump. The impellers may be mounted on the same shaft or on different shafts. A multistage centrifugal pump is having following two important functions:
- To produce a high head, and
- To discharge a large quantity of liquid.
If a high head is to be developed then the impellers are mounted on same shaft (series) while for large quantity of discharge of liquid, the impellers are mounted on different shafts (parallel).
Footnotes
- ^ Ladislao Reti, “Francesco di Giorgio Martini's Treatise on Engineering and Its Plagiarists”, Technology and Culture, Vol. 4, No. 3. (Summer, 1963), pp. 287-298 (290)
Problems in Centrifugal Pumps
- Cavitation
- Stone Wall
- Surge
See also
- Axial flow pump
- Turbopump
- Pump
- Turbine
- Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
- Specific Speed ( Ns or Nss )
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