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The Centre national de la recherche scientifique ("National Scientific Research Centre", CNRS) is the largest governmental research organization in France. Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter. An organization (or organisation &mdash see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals which controls its own performance and This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. It involves 26,000 permanent staff (researchers, engineers, and administrative staff) and a further 4,000 temporary staff. Its budget for 2006 was 2. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 738 billion EUR. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e

Contents

Organisation

French science
Universities
Grandes écoles
Grands établissements
EPST
Cemagref
CNRS
INED
INRA
INRETS
INRIA
IRD
INSERM
LCPC
EPIC
CEA
Ifremer

The CNRS currently has 6 divisions (French: départements scientifiques):

The last two are "transversal" divisions, meaning that the associated research groups are also associated with one of the four "core" divisions. A listing of universities and major Tertiary education institutions in France. The Grandes écoles ("Graduate schools" literally in French "Grand Schools" or "Elite Schools" of France are higher The grands établissements are French public institutions under ministerial charter Cemagref is a public research institute in France focusing on Land management issues such as water resources and agricultural technology The Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique ( INRIA) ( English National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control) is The Institut de recherche pour le développement/IRD ("Institute of research for development" is a French public science and technology Research institute Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM, insɛʁm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research is the only French public organization The Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (Atomic Energy Commission or CEA, is a French “public establishment of an industrial and commercial character” whose Ifremer is the "Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer" an oceanographic institution in France, whose name translates Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles The humanities are academic disciplines which study the Human condition, using methods that are primarily Analytic, Critical, or Speculative The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies Environmental science is the study of interactions among physical chemical and biological components of the environment. Informatics is the science of Information, the practice of Information processing, and the engineering of Information systems. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and The National Commission for Scientific Research (CN), which is in charge of the recruitment and evaluation of researchers, maintains a parallel division of scientific endeavor into 47 "sections". Research groups belong to one or more départements; the researchers themselves belong to one section.

For administrative purposes, CNRS includes 18 regional divisions (including four just for the region of Paris).

CNRS runs its research units (French: laboratoires informally and unité de recherche in administrative speech) either independently or in association with universities, other higher education institutions, or other institutions. Research groups are thus either solely run by CNRS (and then known as unités propres de recherche or UPR) or as mixed organizations (unités mixtes de recherche or UMR). Each research unit has a unique numeric code attached and is headed by a director (typically, a university professor or CNRS research director).

Currently CNRS researchers are active in 1,256 research groups, 85% of which are jointly-run and also include non-CNRS researchers. The prevalence of such "mixed" research groups is an unusual characteristic of the French system. This system may hinder those outside the French higher education system from properly attributing works, since each laboratory may have many different names (UMR code, full name, acronym, CNRS address, university address, department inside university address).

The headquarters of CNRS are located in the Campus Gérard Mégie, rue Michel-Ange, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. 48°50′52″N 2°15′51″E / 48.847719, 2.264065)

Employment

Researchers directly members of CNRS are classified in two categories, in order of seniority:

Theoretically, research directors may head research groups, but this is not a general rule.

All permanent employees (both research engineers, technical/administrative staff) are recruited through annual nationwide competitive campaigns. The candidates selected have the status of civil servants and are part of the fonction publique. See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis

International relations

CNRS is represented through administrative centers in Brussels, Beijing, Tokyo, Hanoi, Washington DC, Bonn, Moscow, Tunis, Johannesburg, and Santiago de Chile. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Hanoi ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 内|内]], estimated population 3398889 (2007, is the Capital of Vietnam Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Tunis ( Arabic: تونس Tūnis) is the Capital of the Tunisian Republic and also the Tunis Johannesburg ( Pronounced /jō-hān'ĭs-bûrg'/ is the largest city in South Africa. Santiago ( (litteraly in spanish Saint James) is the Capital of Chile, and the center of its largest Conurbation ( Greater Santiago

Brief history

The Centre was created on 19 October 1939 by decree of President Albert Lebrun. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected Albert Lebrun (29 August 1871 6 March 1950 was a French Politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940 and as such was the last president of the Since 1954, the Centre has annually awarded gold, silver, and bronze medals to French scientists and junior researchers. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) In 1966, the Centre underwent structural changes. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. The changes led to the creation of two specialized institutes: the National Astronomy and Geophysics Institute in 1967, which became the National Institute of Sciences of the Universe (INSU) in 1985, and the National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (IN2P3) in 1971. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) The Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, better known as IN2P3, is a French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institute Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar.

Recently, the performance of CNRS has been brought into question, with calls for wide-ranging reforms. In particular, the effectiveness of the recruitment, compensation, career management and evaluation procedures are under scrutiny. Recent governmental projects include the transformation of CNRS into an organ allocating support to research projects on an ad hoc basis, and the reallocation of the CNRS researchers to the universities.

Leadership

Catherine Bréchignac was named President on 11 January 2006. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. She was previously Director General from 1997-2000.

Arnold Migus was named Director General on 18 January 2006, after the dismissal of 'reformist' Bernard Larrouturou. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

List of Presidents

List of Directors General

CNRS laboratories

External links

Hubert Curien ( October 30 1924 - February 6 2005) was a French Physicist and a key figure in European science politics The Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements ( CESR) is a French laboratory of space astrophysics CECAM - Centre européen de calcul atomique et moléculaire is a European Association founded in 1969 The INIST (Institut de l'information scientifique et technique — Institute of Scientific and Technical Information is the CNRS centre of documentation The Institut de recherche en informatique et systèmes aléatoires ( Research institute in computer science and random systems) is a joint computer science research center of The Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris is an astronomy research institute of the CNRS, located at 98bis Bd Arago in Paris. The Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire ( IBMC) is a Research institute for Molecular biology attached to the Centre national de la The Institut Jean Nicod (also known as IJN) is a CNRS research center based in Paris, France. Laboratoire parole et langage is a CNRS laboratory located in the Université de Provence in Aix-en-Provence. The Laboratoire de Phonétique et Phonologie ( LPP) is a CNRS laboratory affiliated with the University of Paris III Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris The Montpellier Laboratory of Computer Science Robotics and Microelectronics ( Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier, LIRMM is a cross-faculty The Laboratory for analysis and architecture of systems ( Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architectures des systèmes, LAAS is a laboratory depending from the Centre national The Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6, or LIP6, the Computer science laboratory of Pierre & Marie Curie University (UPMC is a joint research laboratory Founded in 1972 Laboratoire d'informatique pour la mécanique et les sciences de l'ingénieur ( LIMSI - Computer Science Laboratory for Mechanics and Engineering Sciences SOLEIL (“ Sun ” in French) is a Synchrotron facility near Paris, France currently undergoing construction and testing
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