| Celtic music |
|---|
| Brittany |
| Celtic Canada |
| Cornwall |
| Ireland |
| Isle of Man |
| Scotland |
| Northern Spain |
| Celtic US |
| Wales |
Celtic music is a term utilised by artists, record companies, music stores and music magazines to describe a broad grouping of musical genres that evolved out of the folk musical traditions of the Celtic peoples of Northern Europe. Since the early 1970 Brittany has experienced a revival of its Folk music, modernizing and adapting it into Folk rock and other fusion genres Newfoundland See also Music of Newfoundland and Labrador There are very strong connections between Newfoundland folk music and Irish music however elements Cornwall has been historically Celtic though Celtic-derived traditions had been Moribund for some time before being revived during a late 20th century Roots revival The folk music of Ireland (also known as Irish traditional music, Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants is the generic term for music that has The Isle of Man is a small island nation in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music which has remained vibrant throughout the 20th century when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to Pop music The traditional music of Galicia and Asturias has some similarities with the neighbouring areas of Cantabria, León, Castile and northern Irish and Scottish music have long been a major part of American music, at least as far back as the 19th century Wales has a strong and distinctive tradition of Folk music related to the Celtic music of countries such as Ireland and Scotland. A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as (Finland As such there is no real body of music which can be accurately be described as Celtic, but the term has stuck and may refer to both orally-transmitted traditional music and recorded popular music. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more The latter sometimes has barely even a superficial resemblance to folk music of any of the Celtic cultures, but on the other hand it sometimes represents sincere work towards adapting Celtic traditions for modern, global culture.
Celtic music means two things mainly. The first: the music of the peoples calling themselves Celts (a non-musical, more political definition), as opposed to, say, "French music" or "English music. " The second: whatever qualities may be unique to the musics of the Celtic Nations *(a musical definition). Some insist there is actually nothing in common, such as Geoff Wallis and Sue Wilson in their book 'The Rough Guide to Irish Music', whereas others (such as Alan Stivell ), say there is. Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany
Often, the term Celtic music is applied to the music of Ireland and Scotland, because both places have produced well-known distinctive styles which actually have genuine commonality and clear mutual influences; however, it is notable that Irish and Scottish traditional musicians themselves avoid the term "Celtic music," except when forced by the necessities of the market. The folk music of Ireland (also known as Irish traditional music, Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants is the generic term for music that has Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music which has remained vibrant throughout the 20th century when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to Pop music They are famous too because of the importance of Irish and Scottish people in the English speaking world. The music of Wales, Cornwall, Isle of Man, Brittany, Northumbria, Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias and Northern Portugal (though some argue the traditional music of the all Nation descend from that of the North during the Reconquista) are also a part of Celtic music, the Celtic tradition being particularly strong in Brittany, where Celtic festivals large and small take place throughout the year. Wales has a strong and distinctive tradition of Folk music related to the Celtic music of countries such as Ireland and Scotland. Cornwall has been historically Celtic though Celtic-derived traditions had been Moribund for some time before being revived during a late 20th century Roots revival The Isle of Man is a small island nation in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. Since the early 1970 Brittany has experienced a revival of its Folk music, modernizing and adapting it into Folk rock and other fusion genres Here Northumbria is taken to mean the traditional counties of Northumberland, the northernmost county of England, and County Durham, Sunderland The traditional music of Galicia and Asturias has some similarities with the neighbouring areas of Cantabria, León, Castile and northern Portugal is internationally known in the Music scene for its traditions of Fado, but the country has seen a recent expansion in musical styles with modern acts The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into Additionally, the musics of ethnically Celtic peoples abroad are vibrant, especially in Canada and the United States. Newfoundland See also Music of Newfoundland and Labrador There are very strong connections between Newfoundland folk music and Irish music however elements Irish and Scottish music have long been a major part of American music, at least as far back as the 19th century
Contents |
Divisions
In Celtic Music: A Complete Guide, June Skinner Sawyers acknowledges six Celtic nationalities divided into two groups according to their linguistic heritage. The Q-Celtic nationalities are the Irish, Scottish and Manx peoples, while the P-Celtic groups are the Cornish, Bretons and Welsh peoples. The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. The Manx are an ethnic group coming from the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea in northern Europe. The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. The Cornish people (Kernowyon are regarded as an Ethnic group of the United Kingdom originating in Cornwall. The Bretons are a distinct Ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France. The Welsh people ( Welsh: Cymro ("Welshman" Cymraes ("Welsh woman" Cymry ("Welshmen/women" Cymry Musician Alan Stivell uses a similar dichotomy, between the Gaelic (Irish/Scottish/Manx) branch and the Brythonic (Breton/Welsh/Cornish) group, which differentiate "mostly by the extended range (sometimes more than two octaves) of Irish and Scottish melodies and the closed range of Breton and Welsh melodies (often reduced to a half-octave), and by the frequent use of the pure pentatonic scale in Gaelic music. Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany " [1].
Definition debate
At issue is the lack of many common threads uniting the "Celtic" peoples listed above. While the ancient Celts undoubtedly had their own musical styles, the actual sound of their music remains a complete mystery. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts
There is also tremendous variation between "Celtic" regions. Ireland, Scotland, and Brittany have living traditions of language and music and there has been a recent major revival of interest in Wales. However, Cornwall and the Isle of Man have only small-scale revivalist movements that have yet to take hold. Galicia has no Celtic language today (Galician is a Romance language some say a dialect of the Portuguese language, although all the Western part of the Peninsula had Celtic languages in pre-Roman times, as did England, France, and parts of Italy and Turkey), but Galician music is often claimed to be "Celtic. The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. " The same is true of the music of Asturias, Cantabria and that of Northern Portugal (some say even traditional music from Central Portugal can be labeled Celtic). Portugal is internationally known in the Music scene for its traditions of Fado, but the country has seen a recent expansion in musical styles with modern acts Thus traditionalists and musicological scholars dispute that the "Celtic" lands have any folk connections to each other. Musicology ( Greek: μουσική = "music" and λόγος = "word" or "reason" is the scholarly study of Music
A strong case can be made that the similarities between the various musics called "Celtic" derive more from a common origin in the vernacular music of late medieval and early modern Europe than from any innate Celticity. But some call that giving too much importance to basic material, saying that the originality of a music is in the subtle transformation, by a people or a group of peoples, of material shared by larger communities. .
Critics of the idea of modern Celtic music claim that the idea is the creation of modern marketing designed to stimulate regional identity in the creation of a consumer niche; June Skinner Sawyers, for example, notes that "Celtic music is a marketing term that I am using, for the purposes of this book, as a matter of convenience, knowing full well the cultural baggage that comes with it". In popular usage "marketing" is the promotion of products especially Advertising and Branding However in professional usage the term has a wider meaning of Consumers refers to individuals or households that use goods and services generated within the economy. A niche market is a focused targetable portion (subset of a market The term cultural baggage refers to the tendency for one's Culture to pervade thinking speech and behavior without one being aware of this pervasion The so-called "marketing" or "show-business" creation was popularized by the idealistic man who first (late 1960s) blended the music of all the Celtic countries with a modern touch in his recordings and concerts: the Breton Alan Stivell. Although this composer is one of the main modern promoters of this kind of music, he did not create the term.
Forms
Identifying "common characteristics" of Celtic music is problematic. Most of the popular musical forms now thought of as characteristically "Celtic" were once common in many places in Western Europe. There is debate over whether jigs were adapted from the Italian gigue, common during the baroque era,[2][3] for example, while polkas have their origin in Czech and Polish tradition. The jig (port is a Folk dance type as well as the accompanying dance tune type popular in Ireland. The polka is a fast lively Central European Dance and also a genre of dance music familiar throughout Europe and the Americas
On the other hand, there are musical genres and styles specific to each Celtic country, due in part to the influence of individual song traditions and the characteristics of specific languages. Strathspeys are specific to Highland Scotland, for example, and it has been hypothesized that they mimic the rhythms of the Scottish Gaelic language. A strathspey is a type of Dance tune in 4/4 time It is similar to a Hornpipe but slower and more stately and contains many dot-cut 'snaps' Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. [4]
Festivals
The Celtic music scene involves a large number of music festivals. A music festival is a Festival oriented towards Music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as Musical genre, Nationality or locality Some of the most prominent include Festival Internacional do Mundo Celta de Ortigueira (Ortigueira, Galicia), Yn Chruinnaght (Isle of Man), Celtic Colours (Cape Breton, Nova Scotia), Celtic Connections (Glasgow, Scotland) and Festival Interceltique de Lorient (Lorient, Brittany). Saint Martha of Ortigueira's Day: Celebrated every 29th July, is the second most important day in the calendar of summer time Festivities celebrated in this locality as in recent Ortigueira, a seaport and borough of Ferrolterra in North-western Spain, in the Province of A Coruña; on the northern slope of the Serra da Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. gv '''''Yn Chruinnaght''''' is a cultural festival in the Isle of Man which celebrates Manx music, Manx language and culture and links with other Celtic The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical Celtic Colours is an international Celtic music festival held annually in October in communities all over Cape Breton Island. Cape Breton Regional Municipality (2006 population 102250 often shortened to simply CBRM, is a Regional municipality in Nova Scotia The Celtic Connections festival started in 1994 in Glasgow, Scotland, and has since been held every January Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Festival Interceltique de Lorient (fr or Gouelioù Etrekeltiek An Oriant (br was founded in Lorient, Brittany in 1971 Lorient, or L'Orient, (An Oriant is a commune and a Seaport in the Morbihan département, of Brittany. Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into
Modern adaptations
The first modern adaptations in the 1960s were those of artists such as Steeleye Span and Fairport Convention in England, Planxty, Clannad, Horslips in Ireland, and Alan Stivell in Brittany, who made some of the first attempts at creating pan-Celtic modern popular music and some of whom are still now exploring new kinds of Celtic fusion; combining traditional acoustic instruments with amplified ones, adding modern beat patterns, and composing modern harmonies for traditional tunes. Steeleye Span is a British Electric folk band formed in 1969 and remaining active today Planxty is an Irish Folk music band formed in the 1970s consisting in its original configuration of Christy Moore (vocals acoustic guitar Clannad are a Grammy Award -winning Irish musical group, from Gweedore ( Gaoth Dobhair) County Donegal. Horslips were a 1970s Irish rock band that composed arranged and performed their music based on traditional Irish Jigs and reels. Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany
Beginning in 1982 with The Pogues' invention of Celtic folk-punk, there has been a movement to incorporate Celtic influences into other genres of music. The Pogues are a band of mixed Irish and English background playing Traditional Irish music with influences from Punk rock, formed in 1982 and fronted by Shane Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Bands such as Seven Nations and Needfire do American adaptions in the form of Celtic rock. Seven Nations is a Celtic rock band that formed in New York City, New York, in 1993. Celtic rock is a genre of Folk rock which incorporates Celtic music, instrumentation and themes Composer Ciarán Farrell blends classical influences with rock, jazz, folk and traditional Irish styles, using different combinations of instruments and orchestras to play his music. Ciarán Farrell (born 1969 Dublin Ireland) is an Irish Composer who has been active in his field since graduating from Trinity College Dublin Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Marxman, an Irish-Jamaican hip hop group that gained notoriety in Britain in the late 1980s and was banned from the BBC for including I.R.A. slogans in their music, sampled traditional Celtic instruments in several of their songs. Marxman were a Marxist hip-hop group with two MCs Their Lyrics expounded Socialism and an end to economic and social injustice The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Óglaigh na hÉireann ( IRA; also referred to as the PIRA, the Provos, or by some of its supporters as the Sinéad O'Connor has also been active in the fusion movement and incorporated a wide range of modern and traditional influences into her music. Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor (ʃɪˈneɪd oʊˈkɒnɚ (born 8 December 1966 is a Grammy Award winning Irish singer and songwriter Enya adds her vocal sound to music with Celtic sounds and themes on her album The Celts; Moya Brennan, former lead singer of Clannad, was featured in the soundtrack of the film King Arthur;[5] and Loreena McKennitt made an album called The Book of Secrets where she first travelled and researched the places that inspired the Celtic style of music on the album. Enya (born Eithne Patricia Ní Bhraonáin on May 17 1961, Gaoth Dobhair, County Donegal, Ireland, sometimes presented in The Celts is an Album by Irish Musician Enya, released in 1992 (see 1992 in music) Máire Ní Bhraonáin, mˠaːrʲə nʲiː vɾˠiːn̪ˠaːn better known as Máire Brennan or Moya Brennan (born August 4, 1952, Gweedore King Arthur is a 2004 Film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by David Franzoni. Loreena Isabel Irene McKennitt CM (born February 17, 1957) is a Canadian singer composer harpist and pianist most famous for writing recording The Book of Secrets is an album by Loreena McKennitt released in 1997 More recently, the Irish choral group Anúna have been very successful with their unusual blend of choral, Celtic and classical music, seen and heard on the "Celtic Origins" project that received widespread media exposure throughout the USA in 2007.
In 1978 Runrig recorded an album in Scottish Gaelic. Runrig is a six-piece Folk rock band from Scotland. The group was founded in 1973 and as of 2008 Runrig has released 13 Studio albums. Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. In 1992 Capercaillie recorded "A Prince Among Islands", the first Scottish Gaelic language record to reach the UK top 40. Capercaillie are a Scottish folk band founded in the 1980s by Donald Shaw and fronted by Karen Matheson. Since about 2005, Oi Polloi (from Scotland) have recorded in Scottish Gaelic. This article is about the Scottish punk band You may or may not be looking for the Greek expression Hoi polloi. Mill a h-Uile Rud (a Scottish Gaelic punk band from Seattle) recorded in the language in 2004. Mill a h-Uile Rud is a Seattle -based band who sing in Scots Gaelic. Scottish Gaelic Punk is a subgenre of Punk rock in which bands sing some or all of their music in Scottish Gaelic.
The Welsh language is less well represented, though the lyrics of such bands as Ceredwen, which fuses traditional instruments with trip-hop beats, are sung entirely in Welsh. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic Ceredwen is a celtic band comprising Andrew Fryer and Renee Gray Trip hop is a music Genre also known as the Bristol sound or Bristol acid rap.
Today there are Celtic-influenced sub genres of virtually every type of popular music, from electronica to rock and metal, hip hop to punk rock, new age, pop, and even reggae. Electronica includes a wide range of contemporary Electronic music designed for a wide range Celtic rock is a genre of Folk rock which incorporates Celtic music, instrumentation and themes Celtic metal is a subgenre of Folk metal that developed in the 1990s in Ireland. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with New Age music is peaceful Music of various styles which is intended to create inspiration relaxation and positive feelings often used by listeners for Yoga, Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Collectively these modern interpretations of Celtic music are sometimes referred to as Celtic fusion. Celtic fusion is an umbrella term for modern music which incorporates influences considered "Celtic" or Celtic music which incorporates modern music
See also
- Music of Brittany
- Folk music of Ireland
- Music of Wales
- Music of the Isle of Man
- Music of Scotland
- Music of Cornwall
- Music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias
Notes
- ^ translation by Steve Winick
- ^ The origins of Irish traditional music
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=Ho9DONbTpbwC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=origin+jig+italy&source=web&ots=GWuCTr0v3a&sig=btJv8eysnsgfSzFiqbQqRwijFvw
- ^ Traditional Scottish Gaelic singing
- ^ Moya Brennan Releases EMI Signature CMG Sparrow Celtic Music - ChristianMusicPlanet.com
References
- Steve Winick
- Sawyers, June Skinner (2000). Since the early 1970 Brittany has experienced a revival of its Folk music, modernizing and adapting it into Folk rock and other fusion genres The folk music of Ireland (also known as Irish traditional music, Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants is the generic term for music that has Wales has a strong and distinctive tradition of Folk music related to the Celtic music of countries such as Ireland and Scotland. The Isle of Man is a small island nation in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music which has remained vibrant throughout the 20th century when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to Pop music Cornwall has been historically Celtic though Celtic-derived traditions had been Moribund for some time before being revived during a late 20th century Roots revival The traditional music of Galicia and Asturias has some similarities with the neighbouring areas of Cantabria, León, Castile and northern Celtic Music: A Complete Guide. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81007-7.
External links
- Ancient Celtic music - article at Citizendium
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic