| Mobile communication standards |
| GSM / UMTS (3GPP) Family |
| GSM (2G) |
| UMTS (3G) |
| UMTS Rev. 8 (Pre-4G) |
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| cdmaOne / CDMA2000 (3GPP2) Family |
| cdmaOne (2G) |
| CDMA2000 (3G) |
| UMB (Pre-4G) |
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| AMPS Family |
| AMPS (1G) |
| D-AMPS (2G) |
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| Other Technologies |
| 0G |
| 1G |
| 2G |
| Pre-4G |
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| Channel Access Methods |
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| Frequency bands |
All cellular phone networks worldwide utilize a portion of the radio frequency spectrum designated as Ultra High Frequency, or "UHF", for the transmission and reception of their signals. A list of Mobile phone standards or generations is given in the table below GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the The 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation ( 3G GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS is a Packet oriented Mobile Data Service available to users of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM and Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) Circuit Switched Data ( CSD) is the original form of Data transmission developed for the Time division multiple access (TDMA-based Mobile phone High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD, is an enhancement to Circuit Switched Data, the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM Mobile phone system 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 High Speed Packet Access (HSPA is a collection of Mobile telephony protocols that extend and improve the performance of existing UMTS protocols High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA) is a 3G (third generation Mobile telephony Communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA is a 3G Mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5 Evolved HSPA (also known as HSPA Evolution, HSPA+, I-HSPA or Internet HSPA) is a wireless broadband standard defined in 3GPP UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access, or TD-SCDMA, is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard being pursued in the People's Republic of China FOMA ( IPA:/'foʊmə/ officially short for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being offered by Japanese mobile 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications LTE (Long Term Evolution is the next major step in mobile radio communications and will be introduced in 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) Release 8 Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access ( E-UTRA) is the air interface of 3GPP 's Long Term Evolution (LTE upgrade path for mobile networks Interim Standard 95 (IS-95, is the first CDMA -based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. CDMA2000 is a hybrid 25G / 3G technology of mobile Telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for Digital The 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 ( 3GPP2) is a collaboration between telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation ( 3G) Interim Standard 95 (IS-95, is the first CDMA -based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. CDMA2000 is a hybrid 25G / 3G technology of mobile Telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for Digital 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only, abbreviated as EV-DO or EVDO and often EV, is a Telecommunications standard for the UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband is the brand name for the project within 3GPP2 to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS is the analog Mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS is the analog Mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas 1G (or 1-G is short for first-generation Wireless Telephone Technology, Cellphones These are the analog cellphone standards that IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation ( 2G) mobile phone systems known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. Push-to-talk ( PTT) also known as Press-to-Transmit, is a method of conversing on half-duplex communication lines including Two-way radio The Mobile Telephone System (MTS was one of the earliest mobile telephone standards The Improved Mobile Telephone Service ( IMTS) is a " 0G " pre-cellular VHF / UHF Radio system that links to the PSTN The Advanced Mobile Telephone System (not to be confused with Advanced Mobile Phone System) was a 0G method of radio communication mainly used in Japanese portable OLT ( Norwegian for Offentlig Landmobil Telefoni, Public Land Mobile Telephony was the first land mobile telephone network in Norway MTD ( Swedish abbreviation for Mobiltelefonisystem D, or Mobile telephony system D) was a manual Mobile phone system for the 450 MHz frequency Autotel (also called PALM, or Public Automated Land Mobile) is a radiotelephone service which was the "missing link" between earlier MTS / For other meanings of the abbreviation see Arp. ARP ( Autoradiopuhelin, "car radio phone" was the first commercially 1G (or 1-G is short for first-generation Wireless Telephone Technology, Cellphones These are the analog cellphone standards that NMT ( Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephony in English is the first fully-automatic Cellular phone Hicap is a mobile technology developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone as a higher capacity alternative to their NTT mobile solution. Cellular Digital Packet Data ( CDPD) uses unused bandwidth normally used by AMPS Mobile phones between 800 and 900 MHz to transfer data Mobitex is an OSI based Open standard, national public access wireless packet-switched data network DataTAC is a wireless data network technology originally developed by Motorola and deployed in the United States as the ARDIS network 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. For other uses of Iden/IDEN see Iden (disambiguation Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN is a mobile telecommunications technology Personal Digital Cellular ( PDC) is a 2G Mobile phone standard developed and used exclusively in Japan. Circuit Switched Data ( CSD) is the original form of Data transmission developed for the Time division multiple access (TDMA-based Mobile phone The Personal Handy-phone System ( PHS) also marketed as the Personal Access System ( PAS) and commercially branded as Xiaolingtong Wideband Integrated Digital Enhanced Network, or WiDEN is a software upgrade developed by Motorola for its IDEN enhanced specialized mobile radio (or ESMR wireless 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications iBurst (or HC-SDMA, High Capacity Spatial Division Multiple Access is a wireless broadband technology developed by ArrayComm. HiperMAN stands for High Performance Radio Metropolitan Area Network and is a standard created by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute ( ETSI) Broadband WiMAX, an approximate acronym of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a Telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission WiBro ( Wi reless Bro adband is a Wireless broadband Internet technology being developed by the South Korean telecoms industry Unlicensed Mobile Access or UMA is the commercial name of the 3GPP Generic Access Network, or GAN standard In Telecommunications and Computer networks, a channel access method or multiple access method allows several terminals connected to the same Frequency Division Multiple Access or FDMA is an Channel access method that is used by radio systems to share a certain Radio spectrum between multiple Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access ( OFDMA) is a multi-user version of the popular Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM digital modulation scheme This article is about the medium access technology The name "TDMA" is also commonly used in the United States to refer to D-AMPS, which is a mobile telephone Spread-spectrum techniques are methods by which Energy generated in a particular bandwidth is deliberately spread in the Frequency domain, resulting Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies GSM frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated by the ITU for the operation UMTS frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated for the operation of the UMTS / HSDPA / HSUPA / HSPA+ Personal Communications Service or PCS is the name for the 1900 MHz radio band used for Digital Mobile phone services in The Specialized Mobile Radio system (SMR is a conventional Two-way radio system or Trunked radio system, operated by a service in the 800 or 900 MHz bands Radio frequency ( RF) is a Frequency or rate of Oscillation within the range of about 3 Hz to 300 GHz The UHF band is also shared with Television, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth transmission. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used Bluetooth is a wireless protocol utilizing short-range communications technology facilitating data transmission over short distances from fixed and/or mobile devices creating wireless The cellular frequencies are the sets of frequency ranges within the UHF band that have been allocated for cellular phone use.
Due to historical reasons, radio frequencies used for cellular networks differ in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The first commercial standard for mobile connection in the United States was AMPS, which was in the 800 MHz frequency band. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS is the analog Mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas In Europe, the first wide-spread automatic mobile network was based on the NMT-450 standard, which was in the 450 MHz band. NMT ( Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephony in English is the first fully-automatic Cellular phone As mobile phones became more popular and affordable, mobile providers encountered a problem because they couldn't provide service to the increasing number of customers. They had to develop their existing networks and eventually introduce new standards, often based on other frequencies. The GSM standard, which appeared in Europe to replace NMT-450 and other standards, initially used the 900 MHz band. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the As demand grew, carriers acquired licenses in the 1800 MHz band. (Generally speaking, lower frequencies allow carriers to provide coverage for a larger area, while higher frequencies allow carriers to provide service to more customers in a given area. )
In the U. S. , the analog AMPS standard that used the Cellular band (800 MHz) was replaced by a number of digital systems. Initially, systems based upon the AMPS mobile phone model were popular, including IS-95 (often known as "CDMA", the air interface technology it uses) and IS-136 (often known as D-AMPS, Digital AMPS, or "TDMA", the air interface technology it uses. Interim Standard 95 (IS-95, is the first CDMA -based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation ( 2G) mobile phone systems known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS This article is about the medium access technology The name "TDMA" is also commonly used in the United States to refer to D-AMPS, which is a mobile telephone ) Eventually, IS-136 on these frequencies was replaced by most operators with GSM. GSM had already been running for some time on US PCS (1900 MHz) frequencies. Personal Communications Service or PCS is the name for the 1900 MHz radio band used for Digital Mobile phone services in
And, some NMT-450 analog networks have been replaced with digital networks utilizing the same frequency. In Russia and some other countries, local carriers received licenses for 450 MHz frequency to provide CDMA mobile coverage.
Many GSM phones support three bands (900/1800/1900 MHz or 850/1800/1900 MHz) or four bands (850/900/1800/1900 MHz), and are usually referred to as tri band and quad band phones, or world phones; with such a phone one can travel internationally and use the same handset. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the Tri band phones (also known as tri-band or triband) are Mobile phones that support three frequency bands Quad band (also known as quad-band or quadband) literally means four bands Quad band (also known as quad-band or quadband) literally means four bands This portability is not as extensive with IS-95 phones, however, as IS-95 networks do not exist in most of Europe.
Mobile networks based on different standards may use the same frequency range; for example, AMPS, D-AMPS, N-AMPS and IS-95 all use the 800 MHz frequency band. IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation ( 2G) mobile phone systems known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS is the analog Mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas Moreover, one can find both AMPS and IS-95 networks in use on the same frequency in the same area that do not interfere with each other. This is achieved by the use of different channels to carry data. The actual frequency used by a particular phone can vary from place to place, depending on the settings of the carrier's base station.
Contents |
Frequency bands recommended by ITU
ITU-R approved in June 2003 the following bands to the terrestrial Mobile telecommunication IMT-2000: 806-960 MHz, 1710-2025 MHz, 2110-2200 MHz and 2500-2690 MHz. UMTS frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated for the operation of the UMTS / HSDPA / HSUPA / HSPA+ The ITU Radiocommunication Sector ( ITU-R) is one of the three sectors (divisions or units of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU and is responsible for International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 ( IMT-2000) is the global standard for third generation ( 3G) wireless communications as defined by the International
Frequency bands used in USA
| Current / Planned Technologies | Band | Frequency (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| SMR iDEN | 800 | 806-824 and 851-869 |
| AMPS, GSM, IS-95 (CDMA), IS-136 (D-AMPS) | Cellular | 824-849, 869-894, 896-901, 935-940 |
| GSM, IS-95 (CDMA), IS-136 (D-AMPS) | PCS | 1850-1910 and 1930-1990 |
| 3G, 4G, MediaFlo, DVB-H | 700MHz | 698-806 |
| Unknown | 1. The Specialized Mobile Radio system (SMR is a conventional Two-way radio system or Trunked radio system, operated by a service in the 800 or 900 MHz bands For other uses of Iden/IDEN see Iden (disambiguation Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN is a mobile telecommunications technology GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the Interim Standard 95 (IS-95, is the first CDMA -based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation ( 2G) mobile phone systems known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the Interim Standard 95 (IS-95, is the first CDMA -based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation ( 2G) mobile phone systems known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications MediaFLO is Qualcomm 's new technology to broadcast data to portable devices such as cell phones and PDAs. DVB-H ( Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld) is one of three prevalent mobile TV formats 4GHz | 1392-1395 and 1432-1435 |
| 3G, 4G | AWS | 1710-1755 and 2110-2170 |
| 4G | BRS/EBS | 2500-2690 |
The usage of frequencies in USA is regulated by Federal Communications Commission (FCC). 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications USA is then divided geographically into a number of Trading Areas. A mobile operator (or other interested parties) must bid on each trading area individually. A bidder can use the frequency spectrum for whatever purpose he wants. Go to Wireless Advisor for a listing of the network operators for a given ZIP-code.
The Cellular band (from 839 MHz to 880 MHz) is divided into 2 frequency blocks (A and B). There are 306 Metropolitan Service Areas and 428 rural service areas. Each trading area consists of one or more counties.
The PCS band (from 1850 to 1990 MHz) is divided into six frequency blocks (A through F). Personal Communications Service or PCS is the name for the 1900 MHz radio band used for Digital Mobile phone services in Each block is between 10 MHz and 30 MHz bandwidth. License (A or B) is granted for a Major Trading Areas (MTAs). License (C to F) is granted for a Basic Trading Areas (BTAs). There are 51 MTAs and 493 BTAs in the United States.
The AWS bands, auctioned in the summer of 2006, were for 1710-1755 MHz, and 2110-2155 MHz. The spectrum was divided into blocks: A blocks were for Cellular Market Areas, based on existing cellular (1G) licenses, and were 2x10MHz. B and C blocks (2x10MHz and 2x5MHz respectively) were for Basic Economic Areas, larger than CMAs, usually comprising of large portions of single states. D, E, and F blocks covered huge areas of the country, typically several states at a time, and covered 2x5MHz for D and E blocks, 2x10MHz for F. [1]
The 700MHz band was auctioned in early 2008, with Verizon Wireless and AT&T Mobility winning the majority of available spectrum. Qualcomm and Echostar were winners of a significant amount of broadcast-oriented spectrum. Qualcomm ( is a wireless telecommunications research and development company based in San Diego California EchoStar Technologies LLC ( is a technology company that is the owner and maintainer of the Satellite fleet that provides the signal that DISH Network markets The winners have not yet announced what technology they intend to deploy on this spectrum, but it is expected to host a range of 3G, 4G, and broadcast technologies such as MediaFlo and DVB-H. 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications MediaFLO is Qualcomm 's new technology to broadcast data to portable devices such as cell phones and PDAs. DVB-H ( Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld) is one of three prevalent mobile TV formats
More bands are under consideration for auction by the FCC. These are currently used by DoD, NASA, and other government agencies. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program
Cellular and PCS bands are also used in other countries in the Americas.
Most widely used channelization and frequencies
The following chart presents graphically the forward link (base station to mobile) frequencies and channelization most prevalently used in today's cellular communication systems.
Frequency bands used by GSM
| System | Band | Uplink | Downlink | Channel Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSM 400 | 450 | 450. GSM frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated by the ITU for the operation 4 - 457. 6 | 460. 4 - 467. 6 | 259 - 293 |
| GSM 400 | 480 | 478. 8 - 486. 0 | 488. 8 - 496. 0 | 306 - 340 |
| GSM 850 | 850 | 824. 0 - 849. 0 | 869. 0 - 894. 0 | 128 - 251 |
| GSM 900 (P-GSM) | 900 | 890. 0 - 915. 0 | 935. 0 - 960. 0 | 1 - 124 |
| GSM 900 (E-GSM) | 900 | 880. 0 - 915. 0 | 925. 0 - 960. 0 | 0 - 124, 975 - 1023 |
| GSM-R (R-GSM) | 900 | 876. 0 - 880. 0 | 921. 0 - 925. 0 | 955 - 973 |
| DCS 1800 | 1800 | 1710. 0 - 1785. 0 | 1805. 0 - 1880. 0 | 512 - 885 |
| PCS 1900 | 1900 | 1850. 0 - 1910. 0 | 1930. 0 - 1990. 0 | 512 - 810 |
GSM Frequency band usage is defined in ETS 05. 05.
Other Regions
| System | Country | Uplink | Downlink |
|---|---|---|---|
| CDMA | China | 2300-2400 | |
| CDMA | Japan | 830-840 | 875-885 |
| CDMA | S. Korea | 1740-1770 | 1840-1870 |
| CDMA-450 | Sweden | 452. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. 5-457. 5 | 462. 5-467. 5 |
See also
- 3GPP
- Dual band
- GSM frequency bands
- Quad band
- Roaming
- Tri band
- UMTS frequency bands
- 700 MHz wireless spectrum auction
References
External links
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