Celestial stem (Chinese: 天干; pinyin: tiāngān) is an ancient Chinese cyclic character numeral system: Jia (甲), Yi (乙), Bing (丙), Ding (丁), Wu (戊), Ji (己), Geng (庚), Xin (辛), Ren (壬), Gui (癸). Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a Mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set by symbols in a consistent manner They were first used for dates in the Shang Dynasty, and are now used with the twelve Earthly Branches in the Sexagenary cycle. The Shang Dynasty ( Chinese: 商[[wiktionary 朝|朝]] or Yin Dynasty ( 殷[[wiktionary 代|代]] was according to traditional sources the The Earthly Branches ( or) provide one Chinese system for reckoning Time. The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān They are associated with the concepts of yin and yang and the Five Elements. In Chinese philosophy, the concept of yin and yang ( is used to describe how seemingly opposing forces are bound together intertwined and interdependent in the In traditional Chinese philosophy, natural phenomena can be classified into the Wu Xing ( or the Five Phases, usually translated as five elements,
Contents |
Table
| Celestial Stem |
Pinyin | Japanese kunyomi |
Japanese on'yomi |
Korean (RR) |
Vietnamese | Yin and Yang (阴阳) |
Wu Xing (五行) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 甲 | jiǎ | kinoe | kō | 갑 (gap) | giáp | 阳 (yang) | 木 (wood) |
| 2 | 乙 | yǐ | kinoto | otsu | 을 (eul) | ất | 阴 (yin) | |
| 3 | 丙 | bǐng | hinoe | hei | 병 (byeong) | bính | 阳 (yang) | 火 (fire) |
| 4 | 丁 | dīng | hinoto | tei | 정 (jeong) | đinh | 阴 (yin) | |
| 5 | 戊 | wù | tsuchinoe | bo | 무 (mu) | mậu | 阳 (yang) | 土 (earth) |
| 6 | 己 | jǐ | tsuchinoto | ki | 기 (gi) | kỷ | 阴 (yin) | |
| 7 | 庚 | gēng | kanoe | kō | 경 (gyeong) | canh | 阳 (yang) | 金 (metal) |
| 8 | 辛 | xīn | kanoto | shin | 신 (sin) | tân | 阴 (yin) | |
| 9 | 壬 | rén | mizunoe | jin | 임 (im) | nhâm | 阳 (yang) | 水 (water) |
| 10 | 癸 | guǐ | mizunoto | ki | 계 (gye) | quý | 阴 (yin) |
Origin
The Shang people had a myth in which there were ten suns, each of which appears in order in a ten-day cycle (旬; xǔn). Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with Hiragana (ひらがな 平仮名 Katakana are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with Hiragana (ひらがな 平仮名 Katakana The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. In Chinese philosophy, the concept of yin and yang ( is used to describe how seemingly opposing forces are bound together intertwined and interdependent in the In traditional Chinese philosophy, natural phenomena can be classified into the Wu Xing ( or the Five Phases, usually translated as five elements, In traditional Chinese philosophy, Wood is classified as one of the Wu xing ( or the Five Elements, also translated as five phases Fire has been an important part of many cultures and religions from pre-history to modern day and was vital to the development of civilization Earth, home and origin of humanity has often been worshipped in its own right with its own unique spiritual tradition In traditional Chinese philosophy, Metal is classified as one of the Wu xing ( or the Five Elements, also translated as five phases Water has been important to all peoples of the earth and it is rich in spiritual tradition The Heavenly Stems were the names of the ten suns and were found in the kings' of the Shang given names. Some historians think the ruling class of the Shang had ten clans, but it is not clear whether their society reflected the myth or vice versa. The association to Yin Yang and the Five Elements occurred later, after the collapse of the Shang Dynasty.
The literal meaning of the characters was roughly as follows:[1]
| Celestial Stem |
Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| Original | Modern | |
| 甲 | shell | armor, one, words related to beetles, crustaceans, methanol |
| 乙 | fish vicera | two, twist, words related to ethanol |
| 丙 | fishtail | bright, fire, fishtail (rare) |
| 丁 | nail | male adult, robust, T-shaped, onomatopoeia, also a surname |
| 戊 | lance | (not used) |
| 己 | (unknown) | self |
| 庚 | evening star | age (of person) |
| 辛 | (unknown) | bitter, piquant, toilsome |
| 壬 | porter? | to shoulder |
| 癸 | both feet? | (not used) |
Current usage
The Stems are still commonly used nowadays in China in counting systems similar to the way the alphabet is used in English, namely,
- Students' grades: with an additional Yōu (優 "Excellence") before Jiǎ. In Engineering, Woodworking and Construction, a nail is a pin -shaped sharp object of hard Metal, typically Steel, An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a Phoneme, a Spoken language, either English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation Verb "studēre"
- Names in legal documents and contracts where English speakers would use A, B, C, etc.
- Choices on multiple choice exams, surveys, etc. For the 1974 John Wayne Crime drama movie see McQ. Multiple choice is a form of Assessment in which respondents
- Naming of organic chemicals (e. Organic chemistry is a discipline within Chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure properties composition reactions, and preparation g. methanol: 甲醇 jiǎchún; ethanol: 乙醇 yǐchún)
- Naming of diseases (Hepatitis A: 甲型肝炎 jiǎxíng gānyán; Hepatitis B: 乙型肝炎 yǐxíng gānyán)
- Naming of sports leagues (Serie A: 意甲 yìjiǎ)
- Vitamins' names (although currently, in this case, the ABC system is more popular)
- Naming characters entertaining a dialogue in a short text (甲 speaks first, 乙 answers)
China, Korea and Japan also use heavenly stems on legal documents in this way. Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a Chemical compound A disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions and can be deadly Hepatitis A, (formerly known as infectious hepatitis) is an acute Infectious disease of the Liver caused by Hepatitis A virus which is Serie A (officially known as the Lega Calcio Serie A TIM for Sponsorship reasons is a professional league competition for football clubs located A vitamin is an Organic compound required as a Nutrient in tiny amounts by an Organism. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. In Korea, letters gap (甲) and eul (乙) are consistently used to denote the larger and the smaller contractor (respectively) in a legal contract, and are sometimes used as synonyms for such; such usage is common in the Korean IT industry. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support
See also
Notes
- ^ William McNaughton. Chinese numerals are characters for writing Numbers in Chinese. Reading and Writing Chinese. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle, 1979.