| Mahmut Celal Bayar | |
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| In office May 22, 1950 – May 27, 1960 |
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| Preceded by | İsmet İnönü |
| Succeeded by | Cemal Gürsel |
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| Born | May 16, 1883 Bursa, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | August 22, 1986 (aged 103) Istanbul, Turkey |
| Nationality | Turkish |
Mahmut Celal Bayar (May 16, 1883 – August 22, 1986) was a Turkish politician, statesman and the third President of Turkey. This is a complete list of Presidents of Turkey consisting of the eleven Heads of state in the country's inception following the Turkish War of Independence Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mustafa İsmet İnönü ( September 24 1884 &ndash December 25, 1973) was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister Cemal Gürsel ( October 13, 1895 — September 14, 1966) was a Turkish Army officer, and the 4th President Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Bursa is a province in western Turkey, along the Sea of Marmara. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person A statesman or stateswoman or statesperson is usually a Politician or other notable figure of State who has had a long and respected career in The President of Turkey ( Cumhurbaşkanı) is the Head of state of the Republic of Turkey.
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Early years
He was born in 1883 at Umurbey, a village of Gemlik, Bursa as the son of a religious leader and teacher who migrated from Lom, Bulgaria. Bursa is a province in western Turkey, along the Sea of Marmara. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Lom_Freedom_Squarejpg|thumb|300px|right|Freedom Square - another view]] Lom (Лом is a town in northwestern Bulgaria, part of Montana After the school, he worked as a clerk first in the court in Gemlik and then in Ziraat Bankası and later in the Deutsche Orientbank in Bursa.
Political career
In 1908, he joined the volunteer’s troop of "İttihad Terakki Cemiyeti" (Committee of Union and Progress), a political organization of Young Turks and became an important member. The Young Turks ( Turkish: Jön Türkler (plural from French: Jeunes Turcs) were a coalition of various groups favoring reforming the He served as the secretary-general of the newly founded İzmir branch of this party. İzmir, historically Smyrna, is the third most populous city of Turkey and the country's largest port after İstanbul. He contributed to the foundation of a girls' college and a railway school.
In 1919, Bayar was elected to the Ottoman Parliament in Istanbul as deputy of Saruhan (today Manisa). The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A parliament is a Legislature, especially in those Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Manisa ( Ottoman Turkish: مانيسا Manisa; Greek: Μαγνησία Latin: Magnesia) is a large city in Turkey 's Because he did not agree with the new form of constitution determined by the sultan, he went in 1920 to Ankara to join Mustafa Kemal by the Turkish Independence Movement. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı May 19, 1919 October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed He became an active member of the "Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti" (Association for Defense of Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia), another political organization formed after the World War I. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Rumelia or Rumeli ( Turkish: Rumeli ("Land of the Romans" from Rum: "Greek" "Roman" and El World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All He became deputy of Bursa in the newly established Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Bursa is a province in western Turkey, along the Sea of Marmara. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi - TBMM, usually referred to simply as Meclis - "the Parliament" is the Unicameral The same year, he served as deputy Minister of Economy and on February 27, 1921 he was appointed as Minister of Economy. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar He led the negotiation commission during the Çerkes Ethem uprising. In 1922, Bayar took part in the Turkish delegation during the Lausanne Peace Conference as an advisor to İsmet İnönü. The Treaty of Lausanne ( July 24, 1923) was a Peace treaty signed in Lausanne that settled the Anatolian part of the Partitioning Mustafa İsmet İnönü ( September 24 1884 &ndash December 25, 1973) was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister After the elections in 1923, he served as deputy of İzmir in the parliament. On August 26, 1924, he founded Türkiye İş Bankası in Ankara and was its Managing Director until 1932. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Managing director is the term used for the Chief executive of many limited companies in the United Kingdom, Commonwealth and some other English
On October 25, 1937 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk appointed him as prime minister of the 9th government after İsmet İnönü left the government. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. He continued to serve as prime minister when Atatürk died and İnönü became president in 1938. Differences of opinion with Inönü led him to lay down his office on January 25, 1939. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Until 1945, he was a member of Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (the Republican People's Party), a social-democratic, republican, Turkish nationalist party. The Republican People's Party (Turkish Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi or CHP) is the oldest political party in the Republic of Turkey. Definition In the absence of agreement about its meaning the term "social" is used in many different senses referring among other things to attitudes Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Republicanism is the Ideology of governing a nation as a Republic, with an emphasis on Liberty, Rule of law, Popular sovereignty The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Then on January 7, 1946, he founded Demokrat Parti (the Democratic Party), a socially conservative economically liberal party, along with Adnan Menderes, Fuat Köprülü and Refik Koraltan. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined Ali Adnan Ertekin Menderes ( 1899 - September 17, 1961) was a Turkish liberal statesman and the first democratically elected leader The DP won, with 408 of 487 seats, a majority in the first free general elections in Turkish history on May 14, 1950. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The parliament elected Bayar, the chairman of the DP, as president of Turkey. The President of Turkey ( Cumhurbaşkanı) is the Head of state of the Republic of Turkey. He was subsequently re-elected in 1954 and 1957, serving for 10 years as president. In that period, Adnan Menderes was his prime minister. Ali Adnan Ertekin Menderes ( 1899 - September 17, 1961) was a Turkish liberal statesman and the first democratically elected leader
Coup d’etat
On May 27, 1960 the armed forces staged a coup d’etat and sent Celal Bayar along with Adnan Menderes and some other government and party members to a military court on the tiny island Yassiada in the Sea of Marmara on June 10 of the same year. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the military meaning see Armed forces. For the Soviet sports society see Armed Forces (sports society Armed Forces The Sea of Marmara ( Turkish: Marmara Denizi, Greek: Θάλασσα του Μαρμαρά or Προποντίς, Bulgarian Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem He and 15 other party members were tried for violating the constitution and sentenced to death by the High Court of Justice on September 15, 1961. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The ruling military committee approved the death sentence for Menderes, Zorlu and Polatkan, but the punishment for Bayar and other 12 party members was commuted to life imprisonment. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. Life imprisonment or life incarceration is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime often for most Bayar was sent to jail in Kayseri, but he was released on November 7, 1964 due to ill health. A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of Kayseri ( Ottoman Turkish:قیصریه Greek: Καισάρεια / Kaisareia: Latin: Caesarea Mazaca Zazaish Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar.
Bayar was pardoned in 1966 [1]. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Full political rights were restored to him in 1974, but he declined an invitation to become a life member of the Senate, on the grounds that one can represent the people only if elected [2]. A senate is a Deliberative body, often the Upper house or chamber of a Legislature or Parliament. He died on August 22, 1986 in Istanbul at the age of 103. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) He was father of three children.
In 1958, The Freie Universität Berlin (Free University Berlin) awarded him honorary doctorate. The Free University of Berlin ( FU Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin is the second largest of the four Universities in Berlin. An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding A university (founded 1992) in Manisa is named after him. This is a list of Universities in Turkey. There are currently ninety-seven universities and Manisa ( Ottoman Turkish: مانيسا Manisa; Greek: Μαγνησία Latin: Magnesia) is a large city in Turkey 's
External links
Books
- Kayseri Cezaevi Günlüğü (Kayseri Prison Diary), Yapı Kredi yayınları/Tarih dizisi.
- Ben De Yazdım - Milli Mücadeleye Gidiş (And so I wrote - Going to the War of National Independence) 8 volumes. , Sabah kitapları/Türkiyeden dizisi, 1965-1972.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by İsmet İnönü |
Prime Minister of Turkey Oct 25, 1937–Jan 25, 1939 |
Succeeded by Refik Saydam |
| Preceded by İsmet İnönü |
President of Turkey May 22, 1950–May 27, 1960 |
Succeeded by Cemal Gürsel |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by founded |
Leader of the Democratic Party Jun 7, 1946–Jun 9, 1950 |
Succeeded by Cemal Gürsel |
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