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Ceftriaxone
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (6R,7R,Z)-7-(2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)- 2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-((6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo- 2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-ylthio)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia- 1-aza-bicyclo[4. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general 2. 0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | J01 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C18H18N8O7S3 |
| Mol. mass | 554. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs It is controlled by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component The DrugBank database available at the University of Alberta is a unique Bioinformatics and Cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 The molecular mass (abbreviated m of a substance, more commonly referred to as molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the Mass of one 58 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | n/a |
| Metabolism | Negligible |
| Half life | 5. For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of Amount of substance: it is an SI base unit, and almost the only unit to be used to measure this In Pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered Dose of unchanged drug that reaches the Systemic circulation, one of Drug metabolism is the Metabolism of drugs, their Biochemical modification or degradation usually through specialized enzymatic systems The biological half-life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (drug radioactive nuclide or other to lose half of its pharmacologic physiologic or radiologic activity 8–8. 7 hours |
| Excretion | 33–67% renal, 35–45% biliary |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. | |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | Intravenous, intramuscular |
Ceftriaxone (INN) (pronounced /ˌsɛftraɪˈæksoʊn/, /ˌkɛf-/) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of Metabolism and other non-useful materials The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry Bile. The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical if it is used as directed by the mother during For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction The Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons, abbreviated SUSDP, is a document used in the regulation of drugs and poisons in Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. In Pharmacology and Toxicology, a route Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the giving of Liquid substances directly into a Vein. Intramuscular injection is the injection of a substance directly into a Muscle. An International Nonproprietary Name ( INN; also known as rINN, for recommended International Nonproprietary Name or pINN for proposed The cephalosporins (ˌsɛfələˈspɔrən/ /ˌkɛfə- are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. In modern usage an antibiotic is a Chemotherapeutic agent with activity against Microorganisms such as Bacteria, fungi or Protozoa Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining. Gram-negative bacteria are those Bacteria that do not retain Crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have In most cases, it is considered to be equivalent to cefotaxime in terms of safety and efficacy. Cefotaxime ( INN) (sɛfəˈtæksiːm/ /kɛfə- is a third-generation Cephalosporin Antibiotic. Ceftriaxone sodium is marketed by NEOMED under the trade name MEDTRAX and Hoffman-La Roche under the trade name Rocephin. A trade name, also known as a trading name or a business name, is the name which a Business trades under for commercial purposes although its registered F Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd is a Swiss global health-care company which operates world-wide under two divisions Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. A trade name, also known as a trading name or a business name, is the name which a Business trades under for commercial purposes although its registered
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Clinical use
Ceftriaxone is often used (in combination, but not direct, with macrolide and/or aminoglycoside antibiotics) for the treatment of community-acquired or mild to moderate health care-associated pneumonia. The cephalosporins (ˌsɛfələˈspɔrən/ /ˌkɛfə- are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. The macrolides are a group of drugs (typically Antibiotics) whose activity stems from the presence of a macrolide ring, a large macrocyclic An aminoglycoside is a molecule composed of a sugar group and an Amino group Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal It is also a choice drug for treatment of bacterial meningitis. Meningitis is Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the Brain and Spinal cord, known collectively as the Meninges. In pediatrics, it is commonly used in febrile infants between 4 and 8 weeks of age who are admitted to the hospital to exclude sepsis. Sepsis is a serious medical condition characterized by a whole-body inflammatory state (called a Systemic inflammatory response syndrome or SIRS caused It has also been used in the treatment of Lyme disease and gonorrhea. Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is an Emerging infectious disease caused by at least three Species of Bacteria belonging to the Genus Gonorrhea (also gonorrhoea) caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a common Sexually transmitted disease.
The usual starting dose is 1 gram IV daily although dosage may be adjusted for body mass in younger patients. Doses range from 1–2 grams IV or IM every 12–24 hours, depending on the type and severity or the infection, up to 4 grams daily. For gonorrhoea the usual adult dose is a single intramuscular injection of 125 mg. Patients treated for gonorrhoea are usually also treated for chlamydia, often with azithromycin. Azithromycin is an Azalide, a subclass of Macrolide Antibiotics. Ceftriaxone is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics.
It must not be mixed or administered simultaneously (within 48 hours) with calcium-containing solutions or products, even via different infusion lines (rare fatal cases of calcium-ceftriaxone precipitates in lung and kidneys in neonates have been described).
Ceftriaxone may be reconstituted with 1% Lidocaine for injection when dose is to be given intramuscularly to prevent painful injection.
Chemistry
Ceftriaxone is a yellowish-orange crystalline powder which is readily-soluble in water, sparingly soluble in methanol and very slightly soluble in ethanol. The pH of a 1% aqueous solution is approximately 6. pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a Solution. 7.
The syn-configuration of the methoxyimino moiety confers stability to β-lactamase enzymes produced by many Gram-negative bacteria. In Chemistry (particularly Organic chemistry) methoxy refers to the Functional group consisting of a Methyl group bound to Oxygen An imine is a Functional group or Chemical compound containing a Carbon – Nitrogen Double bond. Beta-lactamases are Enzymes ( produced by some bacteria and are responsible for their resistance to Beta-lactam antibiotics like Penicillins Gram-negative bacteria are those Bacteria that do not retain Crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol Such stability to β-lactamases increases the activity of ceftriaxone against otherwise resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In place of the easily hydrolysed acetyl group of cefotaxime, ceftriaxone has a metabolically-stable thiotriazinedione moiety. Hydrolysis is a Chemical reaction during which one or more water molecules are split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go on to participate in further reactions In Organic chemistry, acetyl (ethanoyl is a Functional group, the Acyl of Acetic acid, with Chemical formula - C[[Oxygen
References
External links
- MedlinePlus Drug Information: Cephalosporins (systemic) – information from USP DI Advice for the Patient
- Rocephin U.S. Prescribing Information
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