Citizendia

Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Official seal of Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Seal
Nickname: City of Five Seasons, CR
Location in the State of Iowa
Location in the State of Iowa
Coordinates: 41°58′59″N 91°40′7″W / 41.98306, -91.66861
Country United States
State Iowa
CountyLinn
Incorporated1849
Government
 - MayorKay Halloran (D)
Area
 - City64. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. The State of Iowa ( is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically The State of Iowa ( is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. There are 99 counties in the US state of Iowa. The first two counties Des Moines County and Dubuque County, were created in 1834 when Iowa Linn County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population was 191701 A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to cities, counties, Towns A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Kay Halloran was elected as the mayor of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States in November 2005 The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status 4 sq mi (166. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 8 km²)
 - Land63. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi (163. 5 km²)
 - Water1. 3 sq mi (3. 3 km²)
Elevation810 ft (247 m)
Population (2006)
 - City124,417
 - Density1,912. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/sq mi (738. 4/km²)
 - Metro246,412
Time zoneCST (UTC-6)
 - Summer (DST)CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes52400-52499
Area code(s)319
FIPS code19-12000
GNIS feature ID0465941
Website: http://www.cedar-rapids.org/

Cedar Rapids is the county seat of Linn County, Iowa, United States. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving Areas using UTC−6 Single zone countries Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Daylight saving time ( DST The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area code 319 is a Telephone Area code for east-central and southeast Iowa. Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Linn County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population was 191701 The State of Iowa ( is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The population was 120,758 at the 2000 census, with an estimated 2006 population of 124,417,[1] making it the second largest city in Iowa after Des Moines; the 2006 estimated population of the three-county Metropolitan Statistical Area is 249,320. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of three counties in Iowa, anchored by the city [2] The city is named after the Cedar River. The Cedar River is a River in Minnesota and Iowa which is named after the juniper (also called " Red cedar " Trees

Cedar Rapids has been residence to famous figures, including American artist Grant Wood, the Wright brothers,[3][4] journalist and historian William L. Shirer, writer and photographer Carl Van Vechten, actors Ashton Kutcher, Elijah Wood, Ron Livingston, and Dr. Grant DeVolson Wood ( February 13, 1891 &ndash February 12, 1942) was an American painter, born in Anamosa, WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout William Lawrence Shirer ( February 23, 1904 – December 28, 1993) was an American journalist and historian Carl Van Vechten ( June 17, 1880 &ndash December 21, 1964) was an American Writer and Photographer who was a Christopher Ashton Kutcher ( commonly known as Ashton Kutcher (born February 7 1978 is an American actor and former fashion model best known for playing Michael Elijah Jordan Wood (born January 28 1981) is an American Actor. Ronald Joseph Livingston (born June 5, 1967) is an American film and Television Actor. Alexander Lippisch. See also Notable natives on this page. Cedar Rapids is also the setting for the musical "The Pajama Game. "

A unique attribute of Cedar Rapids is that its city hall and county courthouse are located on Mays Island, an island on the Cedar River running through the city. Cedar Rapids is one of only two mainland cities to have their governmental offices on an island (the other being Paris, France). Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

Cedar Rapids is known as the City of Five Seasons; the traditional four seasons and a "fifth season" is "a time to enjoy" the other four. [5] The symbol of the five seasons is the Tree of Five Seasons sculpture in downtown Cedar Rapids. The name "Five Seasons" and representations of the sculpture appear in many forms.

In June of 2008 the Cedar River flooded much of the city, including at least one hundred blocks of downtown, forcing the evacuation of nearly 4,000 homes and leaving cars underwater on downtown streets. The Cedar River is a River in Minnesota and Iowa which is named after the juniper (also called " Red cedar " Trees [6] (See the article: June 2008 Midwest floods)

Contents

Geography

Cedar Rapids is located at 41°58′59″N, 91°40′7″W (41. The June 2008 Midwestern United States floods were flooding events which affected portions of the Midwest United States. 983100, -91. 668529). [7]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 64. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 4 square miles (166. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 8 km²), of which, 63. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 square miles (163. 5 km²) of it is land and 1. 3 square miles (3. 3 km²) of it (1. 99%) is water.

ZIP codes

Cedar Rapids is divided into fourteen ZIP Codes. The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS Mays Island and the downtown area are covered by 52401. The northeast quadrant is covered by 52402 and 52411. The southeast quadrant is covered by 52403. The southwest quadrant is covered by 52404. The northwest quadrant is covered by 52405. Post office boxes are covered by ZIP codes 52406, 52407, 52408, 52409, and 52410. A post office box (often abbreviated PO Box or PO Box) is a uniquely-addressable lockable box located on the premises of a Post office station Several other ZIP codes are for specific business (Aegon USA, Rockwell Collins, etc. AEGON NV () is one of the world’s largest life Insurance and pension groups and a strong provider of investment products Rockwell Collins Inc ( is a large United States -based international company headquartered in Cedar Rapids Iowa primarily providing Aviation and Information ).

Streets and addresses

The city is divided into four quadrants. For addresses, from north to south the city is divided by 1st Avenue (Business Highway 151), and east to west by the Cedar River. The Cedar River may refer to any of the following rivers in the United States: Cedar River (Florida Cedar River (Iowa River A street address in Cedar Rapids usually consists of the house number, the street name, and the quadrant. A street name or odonym is an identifying name given to a Street. For example, 123 Example St NW. The quadrants are one of four labels; NE, SE, SW, or NW. The only exception would be government addresses on Mays Island, which have no quadrant label.

1st Avenue and the Cedar River (as well as the downtown area) tend to run diagonally instead of straight north/south/east/west. (In fact, 1st Avenue runs directly west-east on the west side of the city, SW to NE in the middle, and south-north on the east side. ) Thus, the area designated NE is geographically the northern section from east to west. NW is a small western contingent, SE is the eastern contingent, and SW is the southern contingent. There are some areas in western Cedar Rapids where some NW addresses are actually south of some SW addresses.

Transportation

Cedar Rapids is served by The Eastern Iowa Airport (formerly known as the Cedar Rapids Municipal Airport), a regional airport that connects with other regional and international airports. The Eastern Iowa Airport is a commercial Airport in Cedar Rapids Iowa, in the United States.

Interstate 380, part of the Avenue of the Saints, runs north-south through Cedar Rapids. Interstate 380 (abbreviated "I-380" is a 73-mile Spur route located in eastern Iowa. US 61svg|40px]]Iowa 27svg|40px]]The Avenue of the Saints is a 560-mile highway that connects St U.S. Highways 30, 151, and 218 and Iowa Highway 13 and Iowa Highway 100 also serve the city. US Route 30 is an east-west main route of the system of United States Numbered Highways, with the highway traveling across the northern tier of the country US Route 151 is a US Highway that runs through the states of Iowa and Wisconsin. US Highway 218 is a spur of US Highway 18. It is one of the original United States Highways of 1926 Iowa Highway 13 is a north-south highway in eastern Iowa. It has a length of 85 miles Iowa Highway 100 is a State highway located in Linn County, Iowa.

Cedar Rapids is served by four major railroads. They are the Union Pacific, the Cedar Rapids and Iowa City Railway (Crandic), the Canadian National, and the Iowa Northern Railway Company [IANR]. The Cedar Rapids and Iowa City Railway, also known as the Crandic is a Class III railroad operating in the US state of Iowa. The Iowa Northern Railway has its headquarters in the historic Paramount Theater Building. The Crandic and the Iowa Interstate Railroad also are headquartered in Cedar Rapids. The Iowa Interstate reaches the city via the Crandic tracks, running a daily train from Rock Island, Illinois to Cedar Rapids. Rock Island is a City in and the County seat of Rock Island County, Illinois, United States.

The city is also served by public transportation consisting of buses and taxis, as well as a series of skywalks connecting several downtown buildings for foot traffic. Early examples of skywalks Copenhagen, Denmark: skywalk connecting courts building to adjacent uses 18th century Faaborg

Neighborhoods

Czech Village November 18, 2006.
Czech Village November 18, 2006.

The Czech Village in Cedar Rapids is located on 16th Avenue SW. Cedar Rapids (ˌciːdɪrˈræpɨds is the second largest City in the U It is home to such Czech-related businesses as Zindrick's Czech Restaurant, Sykora Bakery, Polehna's Meat Market, Boženka's, Czech Feather & Down Company, and Czech Cottage. The National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library is one of the major tourist attractions in Cedar Rapids.

The Cedar Rapids Czech Heritage Foundation [1] is one of many local organizations working to promote and preserve Czech heritage in Cedar Rapids. They support and sponsor many programs and events throughout the year. One of these programs is the Miss Czech-Slovak Iowa pageant.

Two Miss Czech-Slovak USA queens can claim this community as home: Lisa Volesky and Stasia Krivanek. Olga Drahozal is the famed band leader of the Czech Plus Polka Band, a performing group that frequents the Kosek Band Stand. She, along with Bessie Duggena and Leona Poduška, taught Czech School (Česká škola) at Wilson Middle School.

In addition, there are twelve active neighborhood associations in Cedar Rapids. These neighborhoods include Wellington Heights, and Moundview Heights, two neighborhoods in the south side of Cedar Rapids.

On the Northeast side of Cedar Rapids you will find the Kenwood neighborhood. Kenwood was independent until it was incorporated in the Cedar Rapids city limits. The boundaries for the Kenwood neighborhood are 32nd Street to Oakland Road to Old Marion Road to C Avenue to 40th Street then 1st Avenue between 40th street and 32nd Street.

In addition to the neighborhood associations in Cedar Rapids, there are many informal, unofficial neighborhoods, such as Bever Woods, Vernon Heights, Stoney Point, and Wilderness Estates.

Metropolitan area

Map showing the Cedar Rapids metropolitan area. From left Benton County, Linn County, and Jones County.
Map showing the Cedar Rapids metropolitan area. From left Benton County, Linn County, and Jones County. Benton County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. Its County seat is Vinton. Linn County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population was 191701 Jones County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population was 20221

The Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Linn, Benton, and Jones counties. The Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of three counties in Iowa, anchored by the city Linn County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population was 191701 Benton County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. Its County seat is Vinton. Jones County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population was 20221 The MSA had a 2000 census population of 237,230, with an estimated 2006 population of 249,320. [2] (Linn County was the only county in the MSA before MSA definitions were redefined after the 2000 census. )

Cedar Rapids' main suburbs are Marion and Hiawatha. Marion is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States. The population was 26294 at the 2000 census and was estimated at 32172 in 2007 Hiawatha is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States. The population was 6480 at the 2000 census A number of small towns have experienced growth as bedroom communities of Cedar Rapids. A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential from which most of the Workforce commute out to earn their livelihood These include Ely, Swisher, Shueyville, Palo, Fairfax, Walford, Robins and Bertram. Ely is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1149 at the 2000 census Swisher is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It part of the Iowa City Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. Shueyville is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It part of the Iowa City Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. Palo is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States. The population was 614 at the 2000 census a special census in 2006 counted 899 residents Fairfax is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States. The population was 889 at the 2000 census a special census in 2005 counted 1662 residents Walford is a city in Benton County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1224 at the 2000 census Robins is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1806 at the 2000 census a special census in 2005 counted 2435 residents Bertram is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States. The population was 681 at the 2000 census, although the official population was later

Landmarks

Tree of Five Seasons sculpture, downtown Cedar Rapids.
Tree of Five Seasons sculpture, downtown Cedar Rapids.

The Tree of Five Seasons sculpture is the city's centerpiece, located where 1st Avenue crosses the Cedar River. The Cedar River is a River in Minnesota and Iowa which is named after the juniper (also called " Red cedar " Trees It was constructed in the mid-nineties by a local businessman who commissioned a three-dimensioned version of the city's logo. Also located near the center of the city along the Cedar River is the historical Czech Village, a business district composed of several ethnic businesses and historical buildings, thus helping to maintain the city's Czech heritage. Cedar Rapids (ˌciːdɪrˈræpɨds is the second largest City in the U Cedar Rapids is also home to National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library. In 2003, the African-American Historical Museum and Cultural Center of Iowa opened its doors. Cedar Rapids is also home to the historical 26 acre (105,000 m²) Brucemore Estate, on which sits a 21-room mansion. The Brucemore mansion is located in Cedar Rapids Iowa. It is currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Cedar Rapids is home to the Iowa Masonic Library and Museum.

The downtown includes a Science Center and an Art Museum housing the largest collection of Grant Wood paintings in the world. The 1920s Paramount Theatre is home to the Cedar Rapids Symphony Orchestra, the Cedar Rapids Area Theatre Organ Society and Community Concerts. The Paramount Theatre in Cedar Rapids Iowa, is a 6-story brick building located in downtown Cedar Rapids Iowa Concerts and events such as high school graduations, sporting events, exhibitions, and political rallies are held in The U.S. Cellular Center, formerly known as The Five Seasons Center, located in the heart of downtown Cedar Rapids. The US Cellular Center is a multi-purpose Arena in Cedar Rapids Iowa, USA. Cedar Rapids is also home to the Mother Mosque of America (built in 1934), which is believed to be the oldest purpose-built mosque in the U. The Mother Mosque of America, once known as The Rose of Fraternity Lodge, in Cedar Rapids Iowa, is the first permanent structure to be built specifically to A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger S.

Demographics

Historical populations
CensusPop.  %±
18601,830
—
18705,940224. 6%
188010,10470. 1%
189018,02078. 3%
190025,65642. 4%
191032,81127. 9%
192045,56638. 9%
193056,09723. 1%
194062,12010. 7%
195072,29616. 4%
196092,03527. 3%
1970110,64220. 2%
1980110,243−0. 4%
1990108,772−1. 3%
2000120,75811%
Total Population of Iowa's Incorporated Places 1850-2000

As of the census[8] of 2000, there were 120,758 people, 49,820 households, and 30,838 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 1,912. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6 people per square mile (738. 4/km²). There were 52,240 housing units at an average density of 827/sq mi (319/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 91. 86% White, 3. 71% African American, 0. 25% Native American, 1. 77% Asian, 0. 06% Pacific Islander, 0. 55% from other races, and 1. 79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 71% of the population.

There were 49,820 households out of which 29. 9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48. 4% were married couples living together, 10. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38. 1% were non-families. 30. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 36 and the average family size was 2. 96.

In the city the population was spread out with 24. 5% under the age of 18, 10. 8% from 18 to 24, 30. 7% from 25 to 44, 20. 9% from 45 to 64, and 13. 1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 95. 0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92. 1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $43,704, and the median income for a family was $54,286. Males had a median income of $37,217 versus $26,251 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,589. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 4. 9% of families and 7. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 8% of those under age 18 and 6. 9% of those age 65 or over.

Ethnic diversity

Cedar Rapids is 90 percent non-Hispanic white, but has a notably large growing minority population. There are Asian (such as Cambodians arrived in the 1980s), Arab-American and Hispanic communities after an influx of immigrants came for available work in the 1990s. A Cambodian American is an American who is of ethnic Khmer descent or more broadly having ancestors from Cambodia. An Arab American is a United States citizen or resident of Arab cultural and linguistic heritage and/or Identity whose ancestry traces back to any of various Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically The region has a scattered number of African Americans and they are active in civic life, and an Indian settlement of the Sac and Fox of the Mississippi in Iowa 50 miles to the West. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Indian settlement is a Census subdivision outlined by the Canadian government Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada for Census purposes Sac and Fox Nation is the modern political entity encompassing the historical Sac and Fox nations of Native Americans. The city itself has large numbers of ethnic European ancestry, such as Germans (an estimated 30 percent), Czechs (over 10 percent alone), Slovaks, Croatians, Serbs, Russians, Dutch, Danes, Swedes and French (from either France and Canada). The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Czechs (Češi ˈt͡ʃɛʃɪ archaic Čechové) are a western Slavic people of Central Europe, living predominantly in the Czech Republic } The Slovaks or Slovakians are a western Slavic People that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. The term Dane may refer to People with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity whether living in Denmark, emigrants or the descendants of emigrants Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion (

Government

City commission government

City Hall, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
City Hall, Cedar Rapids, Iowa

From April 6, 1908, to December 31, 2005, Cedar Rapids used the city commission form of government. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. City Commission government is a form of Municipal government which was once common in the United States, but many cities which were formerly governed by commission It was one of the few larger cities remaining to operate under this model. Under this form of government, the council was made up of a public safety commissioner, a streets commissioner, a finance commissioner, a parks commissioner, and a mayor. The council members worked on a full-time basis, served two year terms, and were considered department heads. The last mayor of Cedar Rapids under this form of government was Paul Pate. Paul Pate is an American state and local politician Pate is a former mayor of Cedar Rapids, Iowa and former Secretary of State for the State of Iowa After 2005 the city changed to a mayor-council-manager form of government.

Mayors of Cedar Rapids since 1969

MayorFromTo
Don Canney19691992
Larry Serbousek19921995
Lee Clancey19952002
Paul Pate20022006
Kay Halloran2006present

New form of government

In 2005 the Cedar Rapids Area Chamber of Commerce spearheaded a movement to change from the commission form of government. A panel was appointed by Mayor Pate and the City Council to study the issue, and recommended that voters be presented with three options:

In 1994, voters were also asked if they would like to change the form of government. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) At that time, voters decided to keep the commission form.

On June 14, 2005, voters went to the polls to decide whether to adopt a new form of government or continue with the commission form. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This time, with very low turnout, voters decided to change the government — 17,064 voted to change the government to 7,741 who wanted to stay with the commission form.

The new form of government features a part-time council made of eight members and a part-time mayor. The city has been divided into five districts, with one council member elected from each district. The remaining three members were elected on an at-large basis. Initially the terms for some of the council members will be shorter so that the elections will be staggered. In the following election cycle the term for the council members will be four years long. The mayor will also have a four-year term. The mayor will be paid $30,000 and the members of the council will be paid $15,000.

The current city council divided the city into five districts. Once that was done over 30 candidates ran for election on November 8, 2005. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kay Halloran, a retired attorney and state legislator, became the first mayor elected under the new system. Several members of the city council were elected outright; however, the remaining races were close enough to require a runoff election, which took place in December. The two-round system (also known as the second ballot or runoff voting) is a Voting system used to elect a single winner

The new council and mayor hired Jim Prosser as city manager in the summer of 2006. Prior to hiring Prosser, James Flitz, formerly the city attorney, served as interim city manager. Department directors report to the city manager, who has the authority to hire and fire these individuals, except in the case of the police and fire chiefs, which require council approval for hiring and firing. The new council met officially for the first time on January 3, 2006. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Business and industry

Cedar Rapids is home to several large businesses and industries, including General Mills, Cargill, Alliant Energy, GE Commercial Finance, Rockwell Collins, Quaker Oats, AEGON, United Fire and Casuality, Toyota Financial Services, PAETEC, Archer Daniels Midland, Qwest, GreatAmerica Leasing, RuffaloCODY, Nordstrom, PMX, Square D and CRST International. General Mills ( is a Fortune 500 Corporation, mainly concerned with Food products which is headquartered in Golden Valley, Minnesota Cargill Incorporated is a privately held, Multinational corporation, and is based in the state of Minnesota in the United States. Alliant Energy Corporation ( is a Public utility holding company that incorporated in Madison Wisconsin in 1981. GE Commercial Finance is a unit of GE Capital, (one of four major operating divisions of General Electric) Rockwell Collins Inc ( is a large United States -based international company headquartered in Cedar Rapids Iowa primarily providing Aviation and Information The Quaker Oats Company is an American food conglomerate based in Chicago. AEGON NV () is one of the world’s largest life Insurance and pension groups and a strong provider of investment products The business known as Toyota Financial Services operates in over thirty countries around the globe and is the wholly owned financial services operation of the Toyota Motor Corporation The Archer Daniels Midland Company ( is a conglomerate based in Decatur Illinois. Qwest Communications International Inc (pronounced like "quest" ˈkwɛst ( is a large Telecommunications carrier Nordstrom Inc ( is an upscale Department store chain in the United States. Square D is an American manufacturer of equipment used to control and distribute electric power headquartered in Palatine Illinois. Although many of these companies have been located in Cedar Rapids for quite some time, a larger number of high-tech industries are locating in or around Cedar Rapids because it is part of the Technology Corridor, a region of the state that also includes the Iowa City metro area to the south. Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is the principal city of the Iowa City Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area which Much of Iowa's technological businesses and industries operate from this corridor. Since a diversification of the local economy, the unemployment rate has held at a reasonable rate and wages are consistently among the highest in the state.

Education

Cedar Rapids is home to two four-year colleges: Coe College and Mount Mercy College. Coe College is a private four-year liberal arts college in Cedar Rapids Iowa. Mount Mercy College is a four-year co-educational Catholic Liberal arts college located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The University of Iowa also has an evening MBA facility there. The University of Iowa, is a major teaching service and Research university located on a campus in Iowa City Iowa, on the banks of the Iowa River The Master of Business Administration ( MBA) is a Master's degree in Business administration, which attracts people from a wide range of academic disciplines [9] Kirkwood Community College is the area's only two-year college, while Kaplan University (formerly Hamilton College) and Upper Iowa University also have campuses there. Kirkwood Community College is a Community college serving seven counties in Iowa. Kaplan University is the Doing business as name of the Iowa College Acquisition Corporation a company that owns and operates independent private, for-profit The name of Iowa- and Nebraska-based "Hamilton College" no longer exists Upper Iowa University is a private four-year Liberal arts institution of higher learning offering degree programs to over 820 on-campus students and to over 6000 center graduate Cornell College in Mount Vernon and the University of Iowa's main campus in Iowa City are both within 30 miles of Cedar Rapids. This article is about the liberal arts college in Mount Vernon Iowa Mount Vernon is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, adjacent to the city of Lisbon. Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is the principal city of the Iowa City Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area which

The Cedar Rapids Community School District is the largest school district in the metropolitan area with an enrollment of 17,263 in the 2006-2007 school year. [10] The district contains 24 elementary schools, six middle schools, and four high schools: Jefferson, Washington, Kennedy, and Metro (an alternative high school). See also Primary education An elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory education known as elementary Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution Thomas Jefferson High School is a Public high school in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. See also Washington High School for schools of the same name Kennedy High School is a public high school located in Cedar Rapids [11] Two neighboring school districts draw students from within the Cedar Rapids city limits. The Linn-Mar Community School District serves part of the northeast quadrant of the city and has seven elementary schools inside the city limits. Linn-Mar Community School District in Iowa encompasses 64 square miles which includes the northern part of the city of Marion, an area in Cedar Rapids [12] The College Community School District serves part of the southwest quadrant of Cedar Rapids as well as neighboring rural portions of Linn, Benton and Johnson counties. Linn County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population was 191701 Benton County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. Its County seat is Vinton. Johnson County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the Population is 111006 College Community's four elementary schools, Prairie Middle School, and Prairie High School are all located in a central campus off Interstate 380. You have new messages ( last change) [13]

The Cedar Rapids Metro Catholic Education System, which is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque, consists of six elementary schools,[14] two middle schools,[15] and one high school (Xavier). The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northeastern quarter of the state of Iowa in Xavier High School in Cedar Rapids Iowa is affiliated with twelve area Catholic parishes and the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The Cedar Rapids Catholic Eduation System and Cedar Rapids Community School District are synonymous with each other in the Cedar Rapids Public and Parochial School System.

Health

There are two hospitals in Cedar Rapids. St. Luke's and Mercy Medical Center. See St Luke's Hospital for other medical facilities with the St Mercy Medical Center is a Roman Catholic Hospital in the city of Cedar Rapids Iowa.

Media

Radio

Cedar Rapids' radio market, which consists of Linn County,[16] is ranked 211th by Arbitron with 172,000 listeners aged 12 and older. Arbitron ( is a Radio audience research company in the United States which collects listener data on radio audiences similar to that collected by Nielsen Media [17]

Clear Channel Communications owns four stations in the Cedar Rapids area, including WMT 600 AM, a news/talk station that has broadcast since 1922. Clear Channel Communications is a media conglomerate company based in the United States. WMT (600 AM) is a news/talk Radio station broadcasting in Cedar Rapids Iowa, in the United States. Talk radio is a Radio format containing discussion about topical issues Clear Channel also owns WMT-FM 96. WMT-FM (965 FM, "Mix 965" is a 100000 watt Radio station in Cedar Rapids Iowa. 5, an adult contemporary station, KMJM 1360 AM, a sports radio station, and 95. Adult contemporary music, frequently abbreviated AC, refers to styles of popular music that ranges from "lush Sixties pop often vocal -based and rooted in KMJM (1360 AM, "1360 The Fan" is a Radio station licensed to serve Cedar Rapids Iowa. Sports radio (or sports talk radio) is a Radio format devoted entirely to Discussion and Broadcasting of sporting events. 7FM KKSY a country music station. [18] Cumulus Media owns four stations in Cedar Rapids: KDAT 104. Cumulus Media Inc (also known as Cumulus Broadcasting) is a large owner of Radio stations in markets in the United States. KDAT is a Radio station located in Cedar Rapids Iowa playing an Adult contemporary format 5 FM (adult contemporary), KHAK 98. Adult contemporary music, frequently abbreviated AC, refers to styles of popular music that ranges from "lush Sixties pop often vocal -based and rooted in KHAK (981 FM) is a radio station that broadcasts a Country music format to the Cedar Rapids - Iowa City, Iowa area 1 FM (country music), KRNA 94. Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. KRNA is a Radio station licensed to Cumulus Licensing LLC with studios in Cedar Rapids Iowa, and a transmitter located west of Oxford Iowa. 1 FM (active rock), and KRQN 107. Active rock is a Radio format used by many commercial Radio stations across Canada and the United States. 1 (oldies). Oldies is a generic term commonly used to describe a Radio format that usually concentrates on Top 40 music from the 1950s 1960s and 1970s (about 1955-1977 [19] Three other stations in Cedar Rapids are independently owned: KZIA 102. KZIA, known as "Z 1029" is a Radio station based in Cedar Rapids Iowa. 9 FM (contemporary hits), KGYM 1600 AM (sports radio), and KMRY 1450 AM (adult standards). Contemporary hit radio (also known as CHR, Contemporary Hits, or Top 40) is a Radio format that is common in the United States and KGYM (1600 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting in Cedar Rapids Iowa. Sports radio (or sports talk radio) is a Radio format devoted entirely to Discussion and Broadcasting of sporting events. Adult Standards is a North American Radio format heard primarily on AM or class A FM stations [20] Several stations from Waterloo and Iowa City also figure into ratings in Cedar Rapids. Waterloo is the County seat of Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is the principal city of the Iowa City Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area which [21]

The only non-commercial station licensed to Cedar Rapids is KCCK 88. KCCK-FM is a public radio station licensed to Kirkwood Community College in Cedar Rapids-Iowa City Iowa 3 FM, a jazz station licensed to Kirkwood Community College. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Kirkwood Community College is a Community college serving seven counties in Iowa. KWOF-FM 89. 1 is a non-commercial contemporary Christian music station licensed to neighboring Hiawatha. Contemporary Christian Music (or CCM; also by its religious neutral term " inspirational music " is a genre of Popular music which is [20] NPR stations from Cedar Falls (KUNI (FM) 90. Cedar Falls is a city in Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States, and it is home to one of Iowa's three public universities the University of Northern KUNI-FM (909 MHz is a radio station owned and operated by the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls. 9 FM) and Iowa City (KSUI 91. KSUI (917 FM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Classical music format 7 FM and WSUI 910 AM) reach Cedar Rapids. WSUI (910 AM) is a public Radio station in Iowa City Iowa, in the United States. [22]

Television

The Cedar Rapids-Waterloo-Iowa City-Dubuque media market consists of 21 eastern Iowa counties: Allamakee, Benton, Black Hawk, Bremer, Buchanan, Butler, Cedar, Chickasaw, Clayton, Delaware, Dubuque, Fayette, Grundy, Iowa, Johnson, Jones, Keokuk, Linn, Tama, Washington, and Winneshiek. Waterloo is the County seat of Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is the principal city of the Iowa City Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area which Dubuque is a city in the US State of Iowa, located along the Mississippi River. A media market, broadcast market, media region, designated market area, DMA or simply market is a region where the Population Allamakee County is the northeastern-most County located in the U Benton County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. Its County seat is Vinton. Black Hawk County is a County located in the northeastern part of U Bremer County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. It was named for Frederika Bremer, a Swedish traveler poet and author and it Buchanan County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. It was created in 1837 and was named in honor of Senator James Buchanan, who Butler County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. It was organized in 1854 and named for General William O Cedar County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. It is named for the Red Cedar River, which runs through the county and is the only Chickasaw County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. Clayton County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. It was established in 1837 and was named in honor of John M Delaware County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. It was named in honor of Delaware Senator John M Dubuque County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the Population was 89143 rising to 92384 in 2006 Fayette County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population was 22008 Grundy County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population was 12369 Iowa County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population is 15671 Johnson County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the Population is 111006 Jones County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population was 20221 Keokuk County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population is 11400 Linn County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population was 191701 Tama County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. As of 2000 the population is 18103 Washington County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. Winneshiek County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. [16] It is ranked 87th by Nielsen Media Research for the 2007-2008 television season with 339,480 television households. Nielsen Media Research ( NMR) is an American firm that measures media Audiences including Television, Radio [23]

Cedar Rapids is home to four network-affiliated stations: KGAN channel 2 (CBS), KCRG channel 9 (ABC), KFXA channel 28 (Fox), and KPXR channel 48 (ION). KGAN is a television station based in Cedar Rapids Iowa. It transmits on VHF channel 2 CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. KCRG-TV is a Television station based out of Cedar Rapids Iowa. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. KFXA is a television station based out of Cedar Rapids Iowa. KFXA is an affiliate of the Fox Television network. KPXR is the ION Television affiliate for Cedar Rapids Iowa. The station is owned by ION Media Networks, and operates on UHF channel 48 with Ion Television is a broadcast television network first broadcast on August 31 1998 NBC affiliate KWWL channel 7 is based in Waterloo but maintains a newsroom inside the Alliant Energy tower in downtown Cedar Rapids. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's KWWL is a Television station operating out of Waterloo Iowa. The station operates on VHF channel 7 Alliant Energy Corporation ( is a Public utility holding company that incorporated in Madison Wisconsin in 1981. Other stations in the market are KWKB channel 20 (CW/MyNetwork TV), licensed to Iowa City; KWWF channel 22 (RTN), licensed to Waterloo; and KFXB channel 40 (CTN), licensed to Dubuque. KWKB is a Television station that broadcasts on channel 20 and is the CW (primary and MyNetworkTV (secondary affiliate for Eastern Iowa. The CW Television Network ( The CW) is a Television network in the United States launched at the beginning of the 2006-2007 television season. MyNetworkTV (unofficially abbreviated MyNet or MNT) is a Television network in the United States, owned by the Fox Broadcasting Company KWWF is a television station licensed to Waterloo Iowa. KWWF broadcasts on UHF channel 22 and is the affiliate of the Retro Television Network for the Waterloo The Retro Television Network (aka RTN is a system of television stations primarily airing classic television programming from the 1950s through the 1980s such as Leave it to KFXB is a television station based out of Dubuque Iowa. The channel transmits on UHF channel 40 Christian Television Network ( CTN) is a not-for-profit Broadcast television network of small owned-and-operated stations that broadcasts religious programming Public television is provided by Iowa Public Television, which has two stations in the area: KIIN channel 12 in Iowa City and KRIN channel 32 in Waterloo. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the Iowa Public Television (IPTV is a statewide network of Television stations in the state of Iowa. Mediacom and local company ImOn Communications provide cable television service to Cedar Rapids. Mediacom Communications ( usually called just Mediacom) is a Cable television and communications provider in the United States.

Print

The Gazette is the primary daily newspaper for Cedar Rapids. The Gazette is a daily Newspaper published in the American city of Cedar Rapids Iowa.

Sports

Cedar Rapids is home of the minor-league baseball team Cedar Rapids Kernels, a member of the Midwest League since 1962. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each The Cedar Rapids Kernels are a Class A Minor league baseball team based in Iowa. The Midwest League is a Class A Minor league baseball league which operates in the Midwestern United States. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Kernels are a Class-A affiliate of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. The ice hockey team Cedar Rapids RoughRiders are a member of the USHL and were once Clark Cup Champions. Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. The Cedar Rapids RoughRiders are a Tier 1 junior Ice hockey team playing in the East Division of the United The United States Hockey League (USHL is the top Junior ice hockey league in the United States. There is also a junior hockey league, the Cedar Rapids Hockey Association, with mini-mite-high school teams. Sports facilities include Veterans Memorial Stadium for baseball, Kingston Stadium for football and track, the Cedar Rapids Ice Arena for hockey, and the U.S. Cellular Center (formerly the Five Seasons Center) for basketball. Veterans Memorial Stadium is a Minor league baseball Stadium in Cedar Rapids Iowa. The Cedar Rapids Ice Arena is a 4000-seat multi-purpose Arena in Cedar Rapids Iowa, located adjacent to Veterans Memorial Stadium. The US Cellular Center is a multi-purpose Arena in Cedar Rapids Iowa, USA. This arena also hosts the Iowa High School volleyball championships and many concerts. Cedar Rapids is also home to the high competitive "metro" athletic teams. These teams consist of the high schools of Jefferson, Washington, Kennedy, Linn-Mar, Xavier, and Prairie.

Art

Cedar Rapids is home to The Cedar Rapids Symphony Orchestra, The Paramount Theatre, Theatre Cedar Rapids, and Brucemore-A National Trust Historic Site, among others.

Cedar Rapids is also home to the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, Legion Art's CSPS Museum, the National Czech & Slovak Museum, the African American Historical Museum, Kirkwood Community College's Iowa Hall Gallery, and the legendary Grant Wood Studio at 5 Turner Alley. Kirkwood Community College is a Community college serving seven counties in Iowa. Grant DeVolson Wood ( February 13, 1891 &ndash February 12, 1942) was an American painter, born in Anamosa, These Cedar Rapids venues have recently hosted world class and award nominated exhibitions, including the works of Andy Warhol, Grant Wood, and the Iowa Biennial, among others. For the song by David Bowie, see Andy Warhol (song. Andrew Warhola (August 6 1928 &ndash February 22 1987 known as Andy Warhol Grant DeVolson Wood ( February 13, 1891 &ndash February 12, 1942) was an American painter, born in Anamosa, The Iowa Biennial Exhibition and Archive (TIBEA began in 2004 as an international survey of contemporary miniature printmaking with its initial exhibition held at the University

Notable natives

People from Cedar Rapids and the surrounding area.

Real people

Fictional characters from Cedar Rapids

References

  1. ^ Iowa Data Center. Population Estimates and Rankings for Population, Numerical Change, and Percent Change for Iowa's Incorporated Places: 2000-2006. Retrieved on 2007-06-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul.
  2. ^ a b Iowa Data Center. Population Estimates and Components of Population Change for Iowa's Metropolitan Areas (2003 Definition): 2000-2006. Retrieved on 2007-04-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
  3. ^ The Eastern Iowa Airport. About the Airport.
  4. ^ EAA. Countdown to Kitty Hawk:Wright Brothers-Full:Chapter 3.
  5. ^ City of Cedar Rapids. We Are the City of Five Seasons.... Retrieved on 2007-03-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth
  6. ^ http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/weather/06/12/midwest.flooding.ap/index.html
  7. ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  8. ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  9. ^ The University of Iowa. Tippie School of Management: Our Locations. Retrieved on 2008-01-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.
  10. ^ Iowa Department of Education. 2006-2007 Iowa Public School PreK-12 Enrollments by District, Grade, Race and Gender (XLS). Retrieved on 2008-01-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.
  11. ^ Cedar Rapids Community Schools. About Us. Retrieved on 2008-01-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.
  12. ^ Linn-Mar Community School District. Boundaries. Retrieved on 2008-01-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.
  13. ^ College Community School District. General Information. Retrieved on 2008-01-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.
  14. ^ Cedar Rapids Metro Education System. Cedar Rapids Metro Education System Elementary Schools. Retrieved on 2008-01-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.
  15. ^ Cedar Rapids Metro Education System. Cedar Rapids Metro Education System Middle Schools. Retrieved on 2008-01-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.
  16. ^ a b Arbitron. Arbitron Radio Metros Based on Fall 2006 Market Definitions (PDF). Retrieved on 2008-01-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks
  17. ^ Arbitron. Market Ranks and Schedule (201-250). Retrieved on 2008-01-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks
  18. ^ Clear Channel Communications. Radio: Station Search. Retrieved on 2008-01-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks
  19. ^ Cumulus Media. Station Portfolio. Retrieved on 2008-01-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks
  20. ^ a b Northpine. com. Iowa Radio Stations. Retrieved on 2008-01-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks
  21. ^ Arbitron. Arbitron Ratings Data. Retrieved on 2008-01-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon.
  22. ^ Northpine. com. Cedar Rapids Dial Guides. Retrieved on 2008-01-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks
  23. ^ Nielsen Media Research. Local Television Market Universe Estimates (XLS). Retrieved on 2008-01-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks

External links

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