Caucasian Iberia - Citizendia

Iberia (Georgian — იბერია, Latin: Iberia or Iberi and Greek: Ἰβηρία), also known as Iveria (Georgian: ივერია), was a name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli ^[1] (4th century BC-5th century AD) corresponding roughly to the eastern and southern parts of the present day Georgia. Georgian (ka ქართული ენა kartuli ena) is the Official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Georgian (ka ქართული ენა kartuli ena) is the Official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Kartli (ქართლი is the largest and most populated province of Eastern Georgia. The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. ^[2]^[3]

The term Caucasian Iberia (or Eastern Iberia) is used to distinguish it from the Iberian Peninsula, where the present day states of Spain and Portugal are located. The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Caucasian Iberians provided a basis for later Georgian statehood and along with Colchis (early western Georgian state) formed a core of the present day Georgian people (or Kartvelians). In ancient Geography, Colchis or Kolchis ( Georgian and Laz: კოლხეთი k'olxeti; Greek:, Kolchís The Georgians (ქართველები kartvelebi) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus, the oldest group of the ^[4] ^[5]

1 History
2 Eastern and Western Iberians
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
6 Further reading

History

Earliest history

The area was inhabited in earliest times by several relative tribes, collectively called Iberians (the Eastern Iberians) by ancient authors. "Ancient" redirects here For other uses see Ancient_(disambiguation. The Caucasian Iberians was a Greco-Roman designation for ancient Georgians, Ibero-Caucasian people ( South Caucasian or Kartvelians who inhabited the Locals called their country Kartli after a mythic chief, Kartlos. Kartli (ქართლი is the largest and most populated province of Eastern Georgia. Kartlos or K'art'los (ქართლოს was the legendary establisher and eponymous father of Georgia, and the mythic ancestor of Georgians, namely

This article is part of the series on: History of Georgia
Prehistoric Georgia
Colchis
Egrisi
Caucasian Iberia
Medieval History
Tao-Klarjeti
Kingdom of Abkhazeti-Egrisi
Russian Rule
Georgia Under Imperial Russia
Early Independence
Democratic Republic of Georgia
Soviet Georgia
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
March 9 Tragedy
April 9 Tragedy
Modern Georgia
Republic of Georgia
Georgian Civil War
Rose Revolution
Post-Shevardnadze
History By Autonomous Republics
History of Abkhazia
History of Adjara This box: view • talk • edit

The Moschi mentioned by various classic historians, and their possible descendants, the Saspers (who were mentioned by Herodotus), may have played a crucial role in the consolidation of the tribes inhabiting the area. The history of Georgia began with the rise of the early Georgian states of Colchis and Iberia, which in c The prehistory of Georgia is the period between the first human habitation of the territory of modern-day nation of Georgia and the time when Assyrian and Urartian In ancient Geography, Colchis or Kolchis ( Georgian and Laz: კოლხეთი k'olxeti; Greek:, Kolchís Egrisi (ეგრისი is a medieval Georgian name for the region and kingdom in the western part of modern-day Georgia, known to the Byzantine Tao-Klarjeti ( Georgian: ტაო–კლარჯეთი is the term conventionally used in modern history writing to describe the historic south-western Georgian The Kingdom of Abkhazia, also known as Kingdom of Apkhazeti-Egrisi or the Kingdom of the Abkhazs (აფხაზთა სამეფო refers to an The history of Georgia began with the rise of the early Georgian states of Colchis and Iberia, which in c The Democratic Republic of Georgia ( DRG; Georgian: საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა Sakartvelos The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (საქართველოს საბჭოთასოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა The March 9 massacre in Tbilisi 1956 was a crackdown of peaceful demonstrators in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union by Soviet troops The April 9 tragedy refers to the events in Tbilisi, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic on April 9, 1989, when an Anti-Soviet demonstration The history of Georgia began with the rise of the early Georgian states of Colchis and Iberia, which in c The Georgian Civil War consisted of inter-ethnic and inter-national conflicts in the regions of South Ossetia (1988-1992 and Abkhazia (1992-1993 as well The "Revolution of Roses quot (often translated into English as the Rose Revolution) (ვარდების რევოლუცია - vardebis The history of Georgia began with the rise of the early Georgian states of Colchis and Iberia, which in c | See also ISO 3166-2 codes for regions and autonomous republics of Georgia The article refers to the history of Republic of Abkhazia (or Abchasia) The article refers to the history of Georgia ’s autonomous province of Adjara. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash The Moschi had moved slowly to the northeast forming settlements as they traveled. The chief of these was Mtskheta, the future capital of the Iberian kingdom. Mtskheta (მცხეთა one of the oldest cities of the country of Georgia (in Kartli province of Eastern Georgia is located approximately 20 kilometers northeast The Mtskheta tribe was later ruled by a principal locally known as mamasakhlisi (“the father of the household” in Georgian). Georgian (ka ქართული ენა kartuli ena) is the Official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus.

The medieval Georgian source Moktsevai Kartlisai (“Conversion of Kartli”) speak also about Azo and his people, who came from Arian-Kartli - the initial home of the proto-Iberians, which had been under Achaemenid rule until the fall of the Persian Empire - to settle on the site where Mtskheta was to be founded. Azo (აზო or Azoy, აზოჲ also known as Azon (აზონი was a legendary ruler of Georgians of ancient Kartli ( Iberia Arian Kartli (Aryan-Kartli არიან-ქართლი was a country claimed by the medieval Georgian chronicle "The Conversion of Georgia" (მოქცევაჲ The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Mtskheta (მცხეთა one of the oldest cities of the country of Georgia (in Kartli province of Eastern Georgia is located approximately 20 kilometers northeast Another Georgian chronicle Kartlis Tskhovreba (“History of Kartli”) claims Azo to be an officer of Alexander’s, who massacred a local ruling family and conquered the area, until being defeated at the end of the 4th century BC by Prince Pharnavaz, who was at that time a local chief. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. Pharnavaz I (ფარნავაზი also spelled P'arnavaz P'arnawaz or Farnavaz was the first king of Kartli, an ancient Georgian kingdom known

Pharnavaz I and his descendants

Pharnavaz, victorious in power struggle, became the first king of Iberia (ca. Ancient Iberia Iberia was a Greek-Roman name of the ancient kingdom of Kartli in what is now Eastern Georgia which began about 302 BC and fell to 302-ca. Events By place Asia Minor Following their agreement to work together to defeat Antigonus, Seleucus invades Asia Minor 237 BC). Events By place Carthage Hamilcar Barca 's success in defeating the mercenaries results in a growth in his strength as leader of Carthage Driving back an invasion, he subjugated the neighbouring areas, including significant part of the western Georgian state of Colchis (locally known as Egrisi), and seems to have secured recognition of the newly founded state by the Seleucids of Syria. In ancient Geography, Colchis or Kolchis ( Georgian and Laz: კოლხეთი k'olxeti; Greek:, Kolchís Egrisi (ეგრისი is a medieval Georgian name for the region and kingdom in the western part of modern-day Georgia, known to the Byzantine The Seleucid Empire /sə'lusɪd/ ( 312 - 63 BC) was a Hellenistic empire i Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Now Pharnavaz focused on social projects, including the citadel of the capitol, the Armaztsikhe, and the idol of the god Armazi. Armazi (არმაზი is a locale in Georgia, 2 km northwest of Mtskheta and 22 km north of Tbilisi. Armazi (არმაზი is a locale in Georgia, 2 km northwest of Mtskheta and 22 km north of Tbilisi. He also reformed the Georgian written language, and created a new system of administration subdividing the country in several counties called saeristavos. The Georgian alphabet (ქართული დამწერლობა is the writing system currently used to write the Georgian language and other South Caucasian Eristavi (ერისთავი literally “head of the people” was a Georgian Feudal office roughly equivalent to the Byzantine Strategos His successors managed to gain control over the mountainous passes of the Caucasus with the Daryal (also known as the Iberian Gates) being the most important of them. This article is about the terrestrial Eurasian mountain range The Darial Gorge (Дарьял დარიალის ხეობა Darielis Kheoba) is the gorge on the border between Russia and Georgia.

Main article: Pharnabazid Dynasty

The period following this time of prosperity was one of incessant warfare though. The Pharnabazid or P’arnavaziani (ფარნავაზიანები is the name of the first Dynasty of Georgian kings of Kartli Iberia was forced to defend against numerous invasions into their territories. Iberia lost some of its southern provinces to Armenia, and the Colchian lands seceded to form separate princedoms (sceptuchoi). Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani In ancient Geography, Colchis or Kolchis ( Georgian and Laz: კოლხეთი k'olxeti; Greek:, Kolchís In the end of the 2nd century BC, the Pharnavazid king Farnadjom was dethroned by his own subjects and the crown given to the Armenian prince Arshak who ascended the Iberian throne in 93 BC, establishing the Arshakids dynasty. The 2nd century BC started the first day of 200 BC and ended the last day of 101 BC. The Pharnabazid or P’arnavaziani (ფარნავაზიანები is the name of the first Dynasty of Georgian kings of Kartli P'arnajom or P'arnajob (ფარნაჯომი ფარნაჯობი (died 90 BC was a king of Iberia from 109 to 90 BC the fourth in the P'arnavaziani Artaxias I, of the Artaxiad dynasty, was a king of Iberia (modern-day Georgia) from 90 to 78 BC Year 93 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Gaius Valerius Flaccus and

Roman period

This close association with Armenia brought upon the country an invasion (65 BC) by the Roman general Pompey, who was then at war with Mithradates VI of Pontus, and Armenia; but Rome did not establish her power permanently over Iberia. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Year 65 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome In response to the illegal exercise of Citizen rights The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation See Mithridates for people and concepts with the same name Mithridates VI (Μιθριδάτης 132&ndash63 BC also known as Mithridates Nineteen years later, the Romans again marched (36 BC) on Iberia forcing King Pharnavaz II to join their campaign against Albania. Year 36 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Parnavaz II (ფარნავაზი (died in 30 BC of the Artaxiad Dynasty, was a king of Iberia ( Kartli, eastern Georgia) from 63 to This region should not be confused with modern-day Albania in south-eastern Europe.

While another Georgian kingdom of Colchis was administered as a Roman province, Iberia freely accepted the Roman Imperial protection. In ancient Geography, Colchis or Kolchis ( Georgian and Laz: კოლხეთი k'olxeti; Greek:, Kolchís A stone inscription discovered at Mtskheta speaks of the first-century ruler Mihdrat I (AD 58-106) as "the friend of the Caesars" and the king "of the Roman-loving Iberians. Mtskheta (მცხეთა one of the oldest cities of the country of Georgia (in Kartli province of Eastern Georgia is located approximately 20 kilometers northeast " Emperor Vespasian fortified the ancient Mtskheta site of Arzami for the Iberian kings in 75 AD. Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian ( November 17 9 &ndash June 23 79) was a Roman Emperor who

The next two centuries saw a continuation of Roman influence over the area, but by the reign of King Pharsman II (116 – 132) Iberia had regained some of its former power. Relations between the Roman Emperor Hadrian and Pharsman II were strained, though Hadrian is said to have sought to appease Pharsman. The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after However, it was only under Hadrian's successor Antoninus Pius that relations improved to the extent that Pharsman is said to have even visited Rome, where Dio Cassius reports that a statue was erected in his honor and that rights to sacrifice were given. Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus ( September 19, 86 &ndash March 7 161) generally known in English as Antoninus Pius Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus ( Greek:) (c 155 or 163/164 to after 229 known in English as Cassius Dio, Dio Cassius, or Dio was The period brought a major change to the political status of Iberia with Rome recognizing them as an ally, rather than their former status as a subject state, a political situation which remained the same, even during the Empire's hostilities with the Parthians. Parthia ( Middle Persian: اشکانیان Ashkâniân) was an Iranian civilization situated in the northeastern part of modern Iran

Between Rome/Byzantium and Persia

Decisive for the future history of Iberia was the foundation of the Sassanian Empire in 224. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire Events By Place Asia Ardashir I defeats the Arsacid King Artabanus IV at Hormizdegan, destroying the By replacing the weak Parthian realm with a strong, centralized state, it changed the political orientation of Iberia away from Rome. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Iberia became a tributary of the Sassanian state during the reign of Shapur I (241-272). Shapur I was the second Sassanid King of the Second Persian Empire. Events By place Asia Shapur I of Persia succeeds Ardashir I as king of Persia. Events By Topic Roman Empire Emperor Aurelian reconquers the kingdom of Palmyra, composed of Syria, Egypt Relations between the two countries seem to have been friendly at first, as Iberia cooperated in Persian campaigns against Rome, and the Iberian king Amazasp III (260-265) was listed as a high dignitary of the Sassanian realm, not a vassal who had been subdued by force of arms. Amazasp III (ამაზასპ III Latinized as Amazaspus) was a king of Iberia (natively known as Kartli; ancient Georgia) from A vassal (also called feodary or fedary) in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of Medieval Europe, But the aggressive tendencies of the Sasanians were evident in their propagation of Zoroastrianism, which was probably established in Iberia between the 260s and 290s. Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings Events By Place Roman Empire Gallienus becomes Emperor Gallienus defends what remains of the empire against barbarians and Events By Place Roman Empire Diocletian and Maximian meet in Milan on the five-year anniversary of their rule to discuss However, in the Peace of Nisibis (298) Rome was acknowledged their reign over the area, but recognized Mirian III, the first of the Chosroid dynasty, as King of Iberia. Events By Place Roman Empire Constantius Chlorus defeats the Alamanni in the territory of the Lingones (Langres and strengthens Mirian III (მირიან III in 4th century AD (also known as Saint King Mirian) was King of eastern Georgian Kingdom of Iberia ( Kartli) Ancient Iberia Iberia was a Greek-Roman name of the ancient kingdom of Kartli in what is now Eastern Georgia which began about 302 BC and fell to Byzantine predominance proved crucial, since King Mirian II and leading nobles converted to Christianity around 317. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Events By Place Europe March 1 — Crispus and Constantine II, sons of Roman Emperor Constantine I The event is related with the mission of a Cappadocian woman, Saint Nino, who since 303 preached Christianity in the Georgian kingdom of Iberia (Eastern Georgia). Cappadocia (or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya, from Greek: Καππαδοκία / Kappadokía which in turn is from the Persian: Saint Nino (წმინდა ნინო Αγία Νίνω (sometimes St

Georgian Statehood

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The religion would become a strong tie between Georgia and Rome (later Byzantium) and have a large scale impact on the state's culture and society. In ancient Geography, Colchis or Kolchis ( Georgian and Laz: კოლხეთი k'olxeti; Greek:, Kolchís Egrisi (ეგრისი is a medieval Georgian name for the region and kingdom in the western part of modern-day Georgia, known to the Byzantine The history of Georgia began with the rise of the early Georgian states of Colchis and Iberia, which in c Tao-Klarjeti ( Georgian: ტაო–კლარჯეთი is the term conventionally used in modern history writing to describe the historic south-western Georgian The Kingdom of Abkhazia, also known as Kingdom of Apkhazeti-Egrisi or the Kingdom of the Abkhazs (აფხაზთა სამეფო refers to an Hereti (ჰერეთი Herethi, in Georgian) was a historic province in Caucasian Albania and later Georgia. Kakheti ( Georgian: კახეთი is a province in Eastern Georgia. Kartli (ქართლი is the largest and most populated province of Eastern Georgia. Imereti Province ( Georgian: იმერეთი მხარე Imereti Mxare) is a province in Georgia situated along the middle and upper reaches The Democratic Republic of Georgia ( DRG; Georgian: საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა Sakartvelos The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (საქართველოს საბჭოთასოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM However, after the emperor Julian was slain during his failed campaign in Persia in 363, Rome ceded control of Iberia to Persia, and King Varaz-Bakur I (Asphagur) (363-365) became a Persian vassal, an outcome confirmed by the Peace of Acilisene in 387. Flavius Claudius Julianus, known also as Julian or Julian the Apostate (331 or 332 to 26 June 363) was Roman Emperor (Caesar Events By Place Roman Empire March 5 — Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 against the Events By Place Roman Empire March 5 — Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 against the Events By place Roman Empire July 21 — An earthquake and Tsunami devastates Crete, Alexandria Hachdeanq was a region and family of the old Armenia c 400-800 For the processor see Intel 80387. Events By Place Roman Empire The widowed Emperor Theodosius I Although a later ruler of Kartli, Pharsman IV (406-409), preserved his country's autonomy and ceased to pay tribute to Persia. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Roman legions in Britain mutiny against Honorius and select Events By Place Western Roman Empire Constantine III 's general Gerontius revolts in Hispania, and elevates Persia prevailed, and Sassanian kings began to appoint a viceroy (pitiaxae/bidaxae) to keep watch on their vassal. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire They eventually made the office hereditary in the ruling house of Lower Kartli, thus inaugurating the Kartli pitiaxate, which brought an extensive territory under its control. Although it remained a part of the kingdom of Kartli, its viceroys turned their domain into a center of Persian influence. Sassanian rulers put the Christianity of the Georgians to a severe test. They promoted the teachings of Zoroaster, and by the middle of the 5th century Zoroastrianism had become a second official religion in eastern Georgia alongside Christianity. Zoroaster ( Latinized from Greek variants) or Zarathushtra (from Avestan Zaraθuštra) also referred to as Zartosht (زرتشت The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings However, efforts to convert the common Georgian people were generally unsuccessful.

The early reign of the Iberian king Vakhtang I dubbed Gorgasali (447-502) was marked by relative revival of the kingdom. Saint King Vakhtang I Gorgasali (440 &ndash 502 ვახტანგ I გორგასალი) was the Georgian king ( mepe) of Kartli ( Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Battle of the Utus: Attila the Hun meets the Romans in an indecisive battle Area code of northern central Kentucky, including Louisville (see Area code 502) Events By Place Byzantine Empire Formally vassal of the Persians, he secured the northern borders by subjugating the Caucasian mountaineers, and brought the adjacent western and southern Georgian lands under his control. He established an autocephalic patriarchate at Mtskheta, and made Tbilisi his capital. Autocephaly, in Hierarchical Christian churches and especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches is the status of a hierarchical church whose Mtskheta (მცხეთა one of the oldest cities of the country of Georgia (in Kartli province of Eastern Georgia is located approximately 20 kilometers northeast Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari In 482, he led a general uprising against Persia. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine emperor Zeno I issues the Henotikon, an attempt to reconcile A desperate war for independence lasted for twenty years, but he could not get the Byzantine support, and was defeated dying himself in battle in 502. Area code of northern central Kentucky, including Louisville (see Area code 502) Events By Place Byzantine Empire

Fall of the kingdom

See also: Principate of Iberia

The continuing rivalry between Byzantium and Persia for supremacy in the Caucasus, and the next unsuccessful insurrection (523) of the Georgians under Gurgen had tragic consequences for the country. The Principate of Iberia is a conventional term applied to an aristocratic regime in early medieval Caucasian Georgia that flourished in the period of Interregnum The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian, later Byzantine emperor, marries Theodora. Thereafter, the king of Iberia had only nominal power, while the country was effectively ruled by the Persians. In 580, Hormizd IV (578-590) abolished the monarchy after the death of King Bakur III, and Iberia became a Persian province ruled by a marzpan (governor). Events By Place Europe Ethelbert becomes king of Kent. The Roman Senate sends an embassy to Constantinople Hormizd IV, son of Khosrau I, reigned as the twenty-first King of Persia from 579 to 590 Events By Place Byzantine Empire Tiberius II Constantine succeeds Justin II as Byzantine Emperor. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Summer - Maurice agrees to Khosrau's entreaties and agrees to restart the war with Persia Marzban (in مرزبان derived from the words Marz مرز meaning "border" or "boundary" and the suffix -ban بان meaning guardian were Georgian nobles urged the Byzantine emperor Maurice to revive the kingdom of Iberia in 582, but in 591 Byzantium and Persia agreed to divide Iberia between them, with Tbilisi to be in Persian hands and Mtskheta to be under Byzantine control. Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus (Φλάβιος Μαυρίκιος Τιβέριος Αύγουστος Մավրիկ Mavrig; 539 &ndash November 27 Events By Place Byzantine Empire Maurice succeeds Tiberius II Constantine as Emperor Events By Place Europe Agilulf marries Theodelinda and becomes king of the Lombards. Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari Mtskheta (მცხეთა one of the oldest cities of the country of Georgia (in Kartli province of Eastern Georgia is located approximately 20 kilometers northeast

At the beginning of the 7th century the truce between Byzantium and Persia collapsed. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Iberian Prince Stephanoz I (ca. 590-627), decided in 607 to join forces with Persia in order to reunite all the territories of Iberia, a goal he seems to have accomplished. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Summer - Maurice agrees to Khosrau's entreaties and agrees to restart the war with Persia Events By Place Byzantine Empire December 12 — Battle of Nineveh: Emperor Heraclius defeats the Persians ending Events By Place Europe Ceolwulf of Wessex fights the South Saxons. But Emperor Heraclius's offensive in 627 and 628 brought victory over the Georgians and Persians and ensured Byzantine predominance in western and eastern Georgia until the invasion of the Caucasus by the Arabs. Heraclius, or Herakleios (Flavius Heraclius Augustus;) (c 575 - February 11, 641) was a Byzantine Emperor, who ruled the East Events By Place Byzantine Empire December 12 — Battle of Nineveh: Emperor Heraclius defeats the Persians ending Events By Place Europe Pippin of Landen becomes Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia. Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between

Arab period

Main article: Emirate of Tbilisi

The Arabs reached Iberia about 645 and forced its eristavi (prince), Stephanoz II (637-ca. The Emirs of Tbilisi ruled over the parts of today’s eastern Georgia from their base in the city of Tbilisi, from 736 to 1080 (nominally The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Byzantines recapture Alexandria from the Arabs Asia Eristavi (ერისთავი literally “head of the people” was a Georgian Feudal office roughly equivalent to the Byzantine Strategos Events By Place Europe Battle of Mag Rath Dál Riata influence in Ulster is greatly reduced or ended 650), to abandon his allegiance to Byzantium and recognize the Caliph as his suzerain. Events By Place Asia The first Chinese Paper money is issued yet these banknotes will not become government-issued This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah Iberia thus became a tributary state and an Arab emir was installed in Tbilisi about 653. The Emirs of Tbilisi ruled over the parts of today’s eastern Georgia from their base in the city of Tbilisi, from 736 to 1080 (nominally Events Sigeberht II the Good succeeds Sigeberht I the Little as king of Essex. At the beginning of the 9th century, eristavi Ashot I (813-830) of the new Bagrationi dynasty, from his base in southwestern Georgia, took advantage of the weakening of the Arab rule to establish himself as hereditary prince (titled as kouropalates) of Iberia. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Events By Place Byzantine Empire June 22 — Byzantine Emperor Michael I Rangabe is defeated in a war against the Events By Place Europe Earliest date of composition for the Historia Brittonum, attributed to Nennius, and known for Origins See also Origin of the Bagratid dynasties According to a family legend taken down by the eleventh-century Georgian chronicler Sumbat Davitis-Dze The Byzantine Empire had a complex system of Aristocracy and Bureaucracy, which was inherited from the Roman Empire. A successor, Adarnase II of Tao, formally vassal of Byzantium, was crowned as the “king of Georgians” in 888. This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM This article is about the year AD 888 For other uses see 888 (disambiguation. His descendant Bagrat III (975-1014), brought the various principalities together to form a united Georgian state. Bagrat III (ბაგრატ III (c 960 – May 7, 1014) of the Georgian Bagrationi dynasty was King of the Abkhazians from Events By Place Europe King Edward the Martyr is crowned in England.

Eastern and Western Iberians

The similarity of the name with the old inhabitants of the Iberian peninsula, the 'Western' Iberians, has led to an idea of ethnogenetical kinship between them and the people of Caucasian Iberia (called the 'Eastern' Iberians). The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra The Iberians were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources (among others Hecataeus of Miletus, Avienus, Herodot and Strabo

It has been advocated by various ancient and medieval authors, although they differed in approach to the problem of the initial place of their origin. The theory seems to have been popular in medieval Georgia. Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between The prominent Georgian religious writer Giorgi Mthatzmindeli (George of Mt Athos) (1009-1065)^[6] writes about the wish of certain Georgian nobles to travel to the Iberian peninsula and visit the local “Georgians of the West”, as he called them. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra

References

^ Course of Ancient Geography, Henry Immanuel Smith, p. This region should not be confused with modern-day Albania in south-eastern Europe. The Caucasian Iberians was a Greco-Roman designation for ancient Georgians, Ibero-Caucasian people ( South Caucasian or Kartvelians who inhabited the The Iberian War was fought from 526 to 532 between the Eastern Roman Empire and Sassanid Empire over the eastern Georgian kingdom In ancient Geography, Colchis or Kolchis ( Georgian and Laz: კოლხეთი k'olxeti; Greek:, Kolchís The history of Georgia began with the rise of the early Georgian states of Colchis and Iberia, which in c Kartli (ქართლი is the largest and most populated province of Eastern Georgia. Ancient Iberia Iberia was a Greek-Roman name of the ancient kingdom of Kartli in what is now Eastern Georgia which began about 302 BC and fell to The theme of Iberia (θέμα 'Ιβηρίας was an administrative and Military unit – theme – within the Byzantine Empire carved by the Byzantine Armazi (არმაზი is a locale in Georgia, 2 km northwest of Mtskheta and 22 km north of Tbilisi. Dzalisi (ძალისი is a historic village in Georgia, located in the Mukhrani valley 50 km northwest of Tbilisi, and 20 km northwest of Mtskheta 279
^ The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, Geoffrey Greatrex, Samuel N. C. Lieu, p. 82
^ The Emperor Domitian, Brian W. Jones, p. 156
^ The Making of the Georgian Nation, Ronald Grigor Suny, p. 13
^ Readings in the History of the Ancient World, William Coffman McDermott, Wallace Everett Caldwell, p. 404
^ Might this George of Mt Athos be the same person listed in the Mount Athos article as "George Kedrinos (Γεώργιος Κεδρηνός, 11th century)"? Worth checking. Mount Athos (Όρος Άθως is a mountain on the Peninsula of the same name in Macedonia, of northern Greece, called in Greek Άγιον

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