Cattle mutilation (also known as bovine excision^[1]) is the apparent killing and then mutilation of cattle under unusual or anomalous circumstances. Mutilation or maiming is an act or physical injury that degrades the appearance or function of the (human body usually without causing death Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family Sheep and horses have been allegedly mutilated under similar circumstances. The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae.

Since the time that reports of purported animal mutilations began, the causes have been attributed variously to natural decomposition, normal predators, cryptid predators, extraterrestrials, secretive governmental or military agencies, and cults. Decomposition (or spoilage) refers to the break down of tissue of a formerly living Organism into simpler forms of matter Cryptozoology (from Greek κρυπτός kruptos, "hidden" + Zoology; literally "study of hidden animals" is the study of and search Extraterrestrial life is Life originating outside of the Earth. This article does not discuss "cult" in the original sense of "veneration" or "religious practice" for that usage see Cult (religious practice "Mutilations" have been the subject of two independent federal investigations.

Contents 1 History 2 Characteristics 2.1 Physical characteristics 2.2 Laboratory reports 2.3 Other signs 3 Conventional explanations 3.1 U.S. governmental explanation 3.2 Natural causes 3.3 Human intervention 3.3.1 Animal cruelty and deviant activity 3.3.2 Cults 3.3.3 Shell-shock 4 Unconventional explanations 4.1 Government/military experimentation 4.2 Aliens and UFOs 5 In pop culture 6 Footnotes 7 Other Sources 8 See also 9 External links

History

Reports of mutilated cattle first surfaced in the United States in the early 1960s when it was allegedly largely confined to the states of Pennsylvania and Kansas. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " The phenomena remained largely unknown outside cattle raising communities until 1967, when the Pueblo Chieftain in Pueblo, Colorado published a story about a horse named Lady who was mutilated in mysterious circumstances, which was then picked up by the wider press and distributed nationwide; this case was also the first to feature speculation that extraterrestrial beings and unidentified flying objects were somehow associated with mutilation. The Pueblo Chieftain is an American daily Newspaper published in Pueblo Colorado. The City of Pueblo (ˈpwɛbloʊ is a Home Rule Municipality that is the County seat and the most populous city of Pueblo County Extraterrestrial life is Life originating outside of the Earth. ^[2]

By the mid 1970s, mutilated cattle were reported in 15 states, from Montana and South Dakota in the north, to New Mexico and Texas in the south. Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State.

Democratic senator Floyd K. Haskell contacted the FBI asking for help in 1975 due to public concern regarding the issue. Floyd Kirk Haskell ( February 7, 1916, Morristown New Jersey - August 25, 1998, Washington D He claimed there had been 130 mutilations in Colorado alone. ^[3].

Characteristics

Physical characteristics

Although the exact nature of mutilations varies from case to case, a typical mutilation might involve any or all of the following:

• The removal of eyes, udders and sexual organs
• The removal of the anus to a depth of around 12 inches
• The removal of the tongue and/or lips
• The removal of one ear
• The stripping of hide and flesh from the jaw and the area directly beneath the ear
• The removal of soft organs from the lower body
• The presence of incisions and cuts across the body that appear to have been made by a surgical instrument
• Unexplained damage to remaining organs, but no sign of damage to the surrounding area
• A lack of predation signs (including teethmarks, tearing of the skin or flesh, or animal footprints) on or around the carcass. A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, as narrowly defined is any of the anatomical parts of the body which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an Animal 's Digestive tract from the Mouth. The tongue is the large bundle of Skeletal muscles on the floor of the Mouth that manipulates Food for chewing and swallowing (deglutition Hides are Skins obtained from animals for human use Examples of animal hide sources are Deer and Cattle typically used for producing Leather,
• Lack of scavenging

In most cases mutilation wounds appear to be clean, and carried out surgically. Mutilated animals are usually, though not always^[4] reported to have been drained of blood, and have no sign of blood in the immediate area or around their wounds.

According to sample FBI records from 1975, mutilations of the eye occurred in 14 percent of cases, mutilation of the tongue in 33 percent of cases, mutilation of the genitals in 74 percent of cases, and mutilation of the rectum in 48 percent of cases. According to a later survey taken by the National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDS), mutilation of the eye occurred in 59 percent of cases, mutilation of the tongue in 42 percent of cases, the genitals in 85 percent of cases, and the rectum in 76 percent of cases. The National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDSci was a privately financed research organization based in Las Vegas Nevada, USA ^[5]

According to Dr. Howard Burgess, nearly 90 percent of mutilated cattle are between four and five years old. ^[6]

Some mutilations are said to occur in very brief periods. A 2002 NIDS report^[7] relates a 1997 case from Utah. Two ranchers tagged a specific calf, then continued tagging other animals in the same pasture. The ranchers were, at the most, about 300 yards from the calf. Less than an hour later, the first calf was discovered completely eviscerated -- most muscle and all internal organs were missing. There was no blood, entrails, or apparent disturbance at the scene. Independent analysts both uncovered marks on the calf's remains consistent with two different types of tools: a large, machete-type blade, and smaller, more delicate scissors. The machete (məˈʃɛti is a large cleaver -like cutting tool Scissors are hand operated cutting instruments consisting of a pair of Metal Blades connected in such a way that the blades meet and cut materials placed

Laboratory reports

Laboratory reports carried out on some mutilated animals have shown unusually high or low levels of vitamins or minerals in tissue samples, and the presence of chemicals not normally found in animals. However, not all mutilated animals display these anomalies, and those that do have slightly different anomalies from one another. On account of the time between death and necropsy, and a lack of background information on specific cattle, investigators have often found it impossible to determine if these variations are connected to the animals' deaths or not. ^[8]

In one case documented by New Mexico police and the FBI,^[8] an 11 month old cross Hereford-Charolais bull, belonging to a Mr. Manuel Gomez of Dulce, New Mexico, was found mutilated on March 24, 1978. Dulce ( Jicarilla: Lóosi, ˈdʌlsi or occasionally /ˈduːsi/ is a Census-designated place (CDP in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) It displayed 'classic' mutilation signs, including the removal of the rectum and sex organs with what appeared to be “a sharp and precise instrument” and its internal organs were found to be inconsistent with a normal case of death followed by predation.

“Both the liver and the heart were white and mushy. Both organs had the texture and consistency of peanut butter”

Gabriel L Veldez, New Mexico Police

The animal's heart as well as bone and muscle samples were sent to the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, part of the University of California, for microscopic and bacteriological studies, while sample from the animal's liver were sent to two separate private laboratories. The University of California ( UC) is a Public university system in the state of California.

Los Alamos detected the presence of naturally occurring Clostridium bacteria in the heart, but was unable to reach any conclusions because of the possibility that the bacteria represented postmortem contamination. Clostridium is a Genus of Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes. They did not directly investigate the heart's unusual color or texture. ^[8]

Samples from the animal's liver were found to be completely devoid of copper and to contain 4 times the normal level of zinc, potassium and phosphorus. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 The scientists performing the analysis were unable to explain these anomalies. ^[8]

Blood samples taken at the scene were reported to be "light pink in color" and “Did not clot after several days” while the animal's hide was found to be unusually brittle for a fresh death (the animal was estimated to have been dead for 5 hours) and the flesh underneath was found to be discolored. ^[8]

None of the laboratories were able to report any firm conclusions on the cause of the blood or tissue damage. At the time, it was suggested that a burst of radiation may have been used to kill the animal, blowing apart its red blood cells in the process. This hypothesis was later discarded as subsequent reports from the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory later confirmed the presence of anti-coagulants in samples^[8] taken from other cows mutilated in the region.

Other signs

In addition to the physical aspects of the mutilation, ranchers commonly claim to find unusual signs upon or after the discovery of a mutilated animal.

• Unusual restlessness among surviving animals
• Refusal of predators and scavengers to feed on the mutilated carcass
• Strange marks or 'post holes' on the ground around the mutilated animal
• Unusual odors. Commonly described as being medicinal or surgical in nature.

Conventional explanations

As with most disputed phenomena, there are a number of potential explanations to cattle mutilations, ranging from death by natural causes to purposeful acts by unknown individuals.

U. S. governmental explanation

After coming under increasing public pressure, Federal authorities launched a comprehensive investigation of the mutilation phenomena. ^[9] In May 1979, the case was passed on to the FBI, which granted jurisdiction under Title 18 (codes 1152 and 1153). The investigation was dubbed "Operation Animal Mutilation. "

The investigation was funded by a US$44,170 grant from the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, and was headed by FBI agent Kenneth Rommel. The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration ( LEAA) was a U It had five key objectives:

1. To determine the reliability of the information on which the grant was based, which entailed gathering as much information as possible about the cases reported in New Mexico prior to May 1979
2. To determine the cause of as many mutilations as possible, especially those reported in New Mexico
3. To determine if livestock mutilations as described constitute a major law enforcement problem
4. If these mutilations do constitute a major law enforcement problem, to determine the scope of the problem and to offer recommendations on how to deal with it
5. If it is shown that the mutilation phenomenon is not a law enforcement problem, to recommend that no further law enforcement investigations be funded.

Rommel's final report was 297 pages long and cost approximately US$45,000. It concluded that mutilations were predominantly the result of natural predation, but that some contained anomalies that could not be accounted for by conventional wisdom. The FBI was unable to identify any individuals responsible for the mutilations.

Details of the investigation are now available under the Freedom of Information Act.

Prior to the involvement of the FBI, the ATF launched their own investigation^[10] of the phenomena. The Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives (abbreviated ATF) is a specialized federal law enforcement and regulatory organization within the United It concluded further investigation was necessary, but was unable to determine what was behind the phenomena. The scope of the ATF investigation was limited to a single suspected cause.

Both federal investigations were preceded (and followed, to some extent) by a state level investigation carried out by enforcements officials in New Mexico. This investigation reported finding evidence that some mutilated animals had been tranquilized and treated with an anti-coagulant prior to their mutilation^[8] (page 13). It also contended that alleged surgical techniques performed during mutilations had become 'more professional' over time^[8] (page 13). However, officers in charge were unable to determine responsibility or motive.

The ATF investigation was headed by ATF Agent Donald Flickinger. The New Mexico investigation was headed by Officer Gabriel L Veldez of the New Mexico Police, with the assistance of Cattle Inspector Jim Dyad and Officer Howard Johnston of the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish.

Natural causes

While many unconventional explanations have been put forward to explain cattle mutilations, a variety of scientists, veterinary workers and knowledgeable observers (including farmer and other agricultural workers) have suggested more conventional ideas, most of which revolve around the hypothesis that 'mutilated' animals died of natural causes and were subjected to known terrestrial phenomena – including the action of predators, parasites and scavengers. ^[11]

Missing or mutilated mouth, lips, anus and genitalia are explained as:

• Contraction of missing/damaged areas due to dehydration.
• The actions of small scavengers and burrowing parasites seeking to enter or consume the body in areas where skin is at its thinnest.

Missing/mutilated eyes and soft internal organs are explained as:

• The action of carrion feeding insects such as blowflies, and opportunistic or carrion birds such as vultures and buzzards which are known to direct themselves toward an animal's eyes, and to enter the body through the openings of the mouth and anus in order to feed on soft internal organs. Vultures are scavenging Birds feeding mostly on the carcasses of dead Animals Vultures are found on every continent except Antarctica and A buzzard is one of several large birds but there are a number of meanings as detailed below

Absence of blood is explained as:

• Blood pooling in the lowest points in the body where it will break down into its basic organic components.
• Blood that is external to the body, or in the area of a wound being consumed by insects or reduced by solar desiccation.

Surgical incisions in the skin are explained as:

• Tears in the skin created when it is stretched by postmortem bloat and/or as dehydration causes the animal's hide to shrink and split, often in linear cuts.
• Incisions caused by scavengers or predators, possibly exacerbated by the above.

The hypothesis that natural phenomena accounts for most mutilation characteristics has been validated by a number of experiments, including one cited by long-time scientific skeptic Robert T. Carroll, conducted by Washington County (Arkansas) Sheriff's Department. Scientific skepticism or rational skepticism ( also spelled scepticism) sometimes referred to as skeptical inquiry, is a scientific or practical Robert Todd Carroll (born 1945 PhD, is an American writer and academic In the experiment, the body of a recently deceased cow was left in a field and observed for 48 hours. During the 48 hours, postmortem bloating was reported to have caused incision-like tears in the cow's skin that matched the "surgical" cuts reported on mutilated cows, while the action of blowflies and maggots reportedly matched the soft tissue damage observed on mutilated cows.

Experiments have also been conducted to compare the different reactions of surgically cut hide/flesh and predated hide/flesh to natural exposure. ^[12] They demonstrated pronounced differences between surgical cut and non surgical cuts over time. This article does not address tearing due to bloating.

Some ranchers have disputed the natural causes hypothesis on the grounds that the mutilated animals often fall outside of the normal categories of natural deaths followed by predation. ^[9]

Human intervention

Animal cruelty and deviant activity

It is alternatively hypothesised cattle mutilations are the result of two unrelated deviant phenomena. Deviance describes actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms including formally-enacted rules (e The bulk of mutilations are the result of predation and other natural processes, and those with anomalies that cannot be explained in this way are the work of deviants who derive pleasure or sexual stimulation from mutilating animals.

Deviant attacks against animals are a recognized phenomenon. There have been many recorded cases around the world, and many convictions. Typically the victims of such attacks are cats, dogs and other family pets,^[13] and the actions of deviants are usually limited to acts of cruelty such as striking, burning or beating animals. However, attacks have also been recorded against larger animals, including sheep, cows and horses. ^[14] Deviants, particularly those with sociopathic disorders, have been found to have mutilated animals in elaborate ways^[13] using knives or surgical instruments. Sociopathy is a loosely-defined term that may be used to refer to Psychopathy Antisocial personality disorder Dissocial

On April 20, 1979, Dr. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) C Hibbs of the New Mexico State Veterinary diagnostics Laboratory spoke before a hearing chaired by Senator Harrison Schmitt. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. Dr. Hibbs testified that mutilated fell into three categories, one of which was animals mutilated by deviants^[8] (page 25). FBI records did not record the percentage of the mutilated animals fell into this category.

The standard criminal charge for mutilating an animal, including cattle, is animal cruelty. Cruelty to animals refers to the infliction of unnecessary Suffering or Harm to animals

Cults

Closely related to the deviant hypothesis is the hypothesis that cattle mutilations are the result of cult activity. ^[15] However, contrary to the deviancy hypothesis, which holds that cattle are mutilated at random by individual deviants, the cult hypothesis holds that cattle mutilations are coordinated acts of ritual sacrifice carried out by organized groups.

Beliefs held by proponents of the cult hypothesis vary, but may include:

• That mutilations are related to phases of the moon or to certain days of the week that hold Pagan symbolism relating to fertility.
• That the apparent absence of blood at mutilation sites may indicate cult members drink it ^[16]
• That organs have been removed from cattle for use in rituals^[11]
• That unborn calves have been harvested from mutilated cattle.

The hypothesis that cults were responsible for cattle mutilation was developed in the U. S. during the 1970s, a time of growing national concern over cults issues. ^[17][18] It became a social phenomenon in areas where cattle were being mutilated and there were several panics when it was claimed that cattle mutilations were a 'warm up' in preparation for human sacrifices.

In 1975, the US Treasury Department assigned Donald Flickinger to investigate the existence of connections between cults and the mutilation of cattle^[10][19](Page 23). The operation came under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. The Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives (abbreviated ATF) is a specialized federal law enforcement and regulatory organization within the United

Flickinger recorded a number of 'unusual' incidents and circumstantial evidence, but was unable to find sufficient evidence of cult involvement for the ATF to take further action. ^[19][10] Media reports of the time reported his investigation was dropped when it was determined cattle deaths were not a prelude to a co-ordinated campaign against elected officials by cult members^[19] (Page 23).

Public interest in the cult hypothesis waned during the 1980s, but interest was maintained by proponents such as the Colorado based television evangelist Bob Larson, who campaigned to raise public awareness of links between cattle mutilations and cult activity through his ministry and radio shows. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. Televangelism is the use of Television to communicate the Christian faith Bob Larson (born 1944 in McCook Nebraska) is a radio and television evangelist, currently based in Scottsdale Arizona

Another proponent of the cult hypothesis is Montana author Roberta Donovan. Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern In her 1976 publication "Mystery Stalks the Prairie" she documents the experiences of Deputy Sheriff Keith Wolverton of Great Falls, Cascade County investigating cattle mutilations with suspected cult involvement. Great Falls is a city in and the County seat of Cascade County, Montana, United States. Cascade County may refer to Cascade County Montana Cascade County Washington (proposed new county

Since the beginning of the cult hypothesis, law enforcement agents in several states, including Alberta, Idaho, Montana, and Iowa have reported evidence implicating cults in several instances of cattle mutilations. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 The State of Idaho ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. The State of Iowa ( is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. ^[20] but does not prove involvement beyond reasonable doubt.

During their investigations, the FBI and the ATF were unable to find appropriate evidence, including signs of consistency between mutilations, to substantiate that the animals had been the victims of any form of ritual sacrifice or organized mutilation effort. They were also unable to determine how or why a cult would perform procedures that would result in the anomalies reported in some necropsies^[8] (Page 3), or to verify that the anomalies were 1) connected to the mutilations themselves 2) the result of human intervention. ^[9]

In most cases, mutilations were either ruled due to natural causes, or the cattle were too far decayed for any useful conclusions to be drawn. Some cases of cult hysteria were traced back to fabrication by individuals unrelated to the incident. In one case it was concluded that claims had been falsified by a convict seeking favorable terms on his sentence in exchange for information^[19] (Page 23-24)^[16] (Page 14-15). In another case, claims were traced back to local high school students who had circulated rumors as a joke. ^[16] (Page 21)

Shell-shock

During the early 1970s one of the hypothesis that emerged to explain cattle mutilations was that they were being perpetrated by shell-shocked Vietnam veterans who were recreating scenes of torture that they had either seen committed against US troops by Vietnamese guerrillas, or that they had themselves committed against Vietnamese fighters. ^[21]

This hypothesis was quickly discounted by FBI agents and soon fell out of favor among phenomena proponents. It rarely appears in modern texts on mutilations.

Unconventional explanations

Government/military experimentation

A less conventional hypothesis that has been put forward to explain the reported mutilations concerns the large number of mutilations that occurred in close proximity to former US nuclear test sites. This theory is based on a number of eyewitness accounts reporting military type helicopters before the mutilation was discovered. In addition to this there were also a number of helicopter type marks left in the soil. The descriptions range from army green to black helicopters. In one such case (October 1993) in Alabama an FAA investigator witnessed an unmarked helicopter during an investigation concerning livestock mutilations where witnesses claimed to have seen helicopters. The FAA agent traced this particular helicopter to the Maxwell Air Force Base in Southern Alabama.

In this case it has been speculated the military dissected cattle to determine the level of radioactive material that had accumulated in their soft tissue (the mouth, anus and lower soft organs being logical targets).

This would allow the military to gauge the level of radioactive exposure each animal received over its lifetime, as well as to monitor which areas received the most fallout. And as a result, it would allow the military to estimate the probable levels of human exposure to fallout, and to ascertain roughly how much radioactive contamination is entering the human food chain through milk and meat.

Mutilated animals that fall outside the contaminated area can be presumed:

• To be control subjects
• To have succumbed to known phenomena (including predation or criminal mutilation)
• To have been mutilated to draw suspicion away from mutilations in contaminated area

A similar hypothesis exists in relation to mutilations that occurred in areas that host US bases affected by fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, and areas which host US bases subject to fallout from foreign nuclear experiments. Chernobyl (as transliterated from the Чернобыль) or Chornobyl (as transliterated from Чорнобиль tʃɔrˈnɔbɪlʲ was a city in northern

Other government/military related hypotheses include the supposition that mutilated cattle have been used as guinea-pigs during the development of energy weapons, biological agents, laser scalpels, or other items of advanced technology. A directed-energy weapon ( DEW) is a type of weapon that emits Energy in an aimed direction without the means of a Projectile.

The evidence used to substantiate these hypotheses remain largely circumstantial and are not supported by anything released so far under the Freedom of Information Act.

In his 1997 article “Dead Cows I've Known”^[22], cattle mutilation researcher Charles T Oliphant speculates cattle mutilation to be the result of covert research into emerging cattle diseases, and the possibility they could be transmitted to humans.

Oliphant posits the NIH, CDC, or other federally funded bodies, may be involved, and they are supported by the US military. Part of his hypothesis is based on allegations that human pharmaceuticals have been found in mutilated cattle, and on the necropsies that show cattle mutilations commonly involve areas of the animal that relate to “input, output and reproduction”. To support his hypothesis, Oliphant cites a previous case in which plain clothes military officers, traveling in unmarked vehicles, entered a research facility in Reston, Virginia to secretly retrieve and destroy animals that were contaminated with a highly infectious disease. Reston is an internationally known Planned community whose goal was to revolutionize post-World War II concepts of land use and residential/corporate development in

Additionally, a 2002 NIDS report^[23] relates the eyewitness testimony of two Cache County, Utah police officers. Cache County is a County located in the US state of Utah, comprising the Cache Valley, up to the Idaho border and the surrounding The area had seen many unusual cattle deaths, and ranchers had organized armed patrols to surveil the unmarked aircraft which they claimed were associated with the livestock deaths. The police witnesses claim to have encountered several men in an unmarked U. S. Army helicopter in 1976 at a small community airport in Cache County. The witnesses asserted that after this heated encounter, cattle mutilations in the region ceased for about five years.

Biochemist Colm Kelleher,^[24] who has investigated several purported mutilations first-hand, argues that the mutilations are most likely a clandestine U. Colm Kelleher is a research scientist and author He received his PhD in Biochemistry at Trinity College Dublin and has 21 years of experience in the field of S. Government effort to track the spread of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow disease") and related diseases, such as scrapie. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ( BSE) commonly known as Mad-Cow Disease ( MCD) is a fatal Neurodegenerative disease in Cattle Scrapie is a fatal degenerative Disease that affects the Nervous systems of Sheep and Goats It is one of several Transmissible spongiform

Aliens and UFOs

Various hypotheses suggest cattle mutilations have been committed by aliens gathering genetic material for unknown purposes. Most of these hypotheses are based on the premise that earthly entities could not perform such clean dissections in such a short space of time without being seen or leaving evidence behind at the mutilation site, and around laboratory reports suggesting the use of unconventional cutting tools and other unexpected phenomena.

In pop culture

• These cattle mutilations had an influence on the plot of the Gerry Anderson UFO series. SHADO redirects here For other meanings see Shado. UFO is a British Television Science fiction

• A television adaptation of War of the Worlds touches upon the phenomenon. War of the Worlds is a Television program that ran for two seasons from 1988 to 1990 In an early episode, aliens have drained the blood from cattle so as to produce a temporary means of slowing the process of their inflicted radiation poisoning. Radiation poisoning, also called " radiation sickness " or a " creeping dose " is a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to

• The pilot episode of South Park featured cattle mutilation. South Park is an animated American television comedy series created and written by Trey Parker and Matt Stone for Comedy Central Eventually, it was discovered the extraterrestrials were attempting to establish communication with the cattle as they are the most intelligent, reasonable creatures on Earth. The mutilation was accidental and was "Carl's fault. . . he's new. "

• The novel The Magdalene Cipher by Jim Hougan mentions cattle mutilation. The protagonist (Jack Dunphy) follows the trail of a pseudo-religious/governmental conspiracy (a la The Da Vinci Code), and at one point speaks to a former "black ops" agent who had been involved in mutilations. The Da Vinci Code is a controversial mystery / detective Novel by US author Dan Brown, published in 2003 by Doubleday A Black Operation or Black Op is a Covert operation typically involving activities that are highly Secret due to questionable Ethics and The mutilations were apparently performed to keep a sense of FUD (Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt) in the wider community and thus make them more amenable to a future religious second coming. Fear uncertainty and doubt ( FUD) is a tactic of Rhetoric and Fallacy used in Sales, Marketing, Public relations and politics

• In the arcade game Space Invaders IV: Majestic Twelve, there are bonus rounds where you must save cattle from being abducted from flying saucers. is an arcade Video game designed by Tomohiro Nishikado, and released in 1978

• In the Tim Burton film Mars Attacks!, in one scene, a prelude to the Martian invasion involves a herd of burning cattle stampeding past a farm. Timothy "Tim" William Burton (born August 25 1958 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and Set designer, notable for the quirky Mars Attacks was a highly popular Science fiction Trading card series released in 1962. A flying saucer takes off from behind a hill, suggesting that the herd of cattle were the victims of a Martian Death Ray. This article is about fictional weapons For other meanings see Raygun (disambiguation.

• The video game Destroy All Humans!, references several alien invasion/ UFO phenomenon clichés and themes, including cattle mutilation. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. Destroy All Humans! is a video game developed by Pandemic Studios and published by THQ.

• In the Episode of X-files, Eve, agent Fox Mulder believes that a victim's death is an example of extraterrestrial cattle mutilation on a human being. The X-Files is a Peabody, Golden Globe and Emmy Award -winning American Science fiction television series created by Chris Carter " Eve " was the eleventh episode of the first season of The X-Files science-fiction television series created by Chris Carter

• In the video game The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask, at one point the player must stop aliens from stealing cattle from Romani ranch. is an Action-adventure game developed by Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64.

• Cattle Mutilation is a professional wrestling submission hold made famous by Bryan Danielson. Professional wrestling holds include a number of set moves and pins used by competitors to immobilize their opponents or lead to a Submission. Bryan Danielson (born May 22 1981) is a American independent professional wrestler, also known as the "American Dragon" Once the hold is locked in, the two wrestlers end up making the shape of a chopped open cattle.

• In the 1982 film Endangered Species, a thriller starring Robert Urich, cattle mutilation is a central element of the plot. Robert Urich ( December 19, 1946 – April 16, 2002) was an Actor, best known for playing private investigators on the television Urich plays a vacationing police officer who gets involved in an increasingly dangerous investigation into bizarre cattle deaths.

• The second verse of the song "Take Me Off to Space", which appears on several CDs sold by The Church of the SubGenius, talks about UFO related cattle mutilations. The Church of the SubGenius is a religious group that satirizes Religion, Conspiracy theory, UFOs and Popular culture.

• In 2005 Jonathan Cape published Julian Barnes's "Arthur & George", a novel which was shortlisted for the Booker Prize. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jonathan Cape was a British Publisher founded in 1919 as Jonathan Page and Company; the name was changed in 1921 and it took over the back list of Julian Patrick Barnes (born January 19, 1946 in Leicester, England) is a contemporary English Writer. Arthur & George (2005 is the tenth novel by English author Julian Barnes which takes as its basis the true story of the ' Great Wyrley Outrages. The main characters in it are Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and an obscure solicitor by the name of George Edalji. Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930 was an Anglo-Scottish Author most noted for his stories about the The novel explores the issue of hybridity and racism in the context of a trial for cattle mutilation. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that It is based on the case of the Great Wyrley Outrages. Great Wyrley is a Parish and Village in South Staffordshire, in the county of Staffordshire, England.

• In Atmospherics, a 2002 comic by Warren Ellis, a government agent tries to cover up the murder of an entire town in the form of mutilations such as those purported to done to cattle. Warren Ellis (born February 16, 1968) is a British author of Comics Novels and Television, well known for sociocultural Ultimately, it is revealed the aliens commit these acts not because they are scientists but because they are sociopaths who enjoy killing.

Footnotes

Other Sources

• Linda Moulton Howe (1980 1989), A Strange Harvest (Documentary)
• Linda Moulton Howe (1993), Strange Harvests 1993 (Documentary)
• Linda Moulton Howe (1989), Alien Harvest: Further Evidence Linking Animal Mutilations and Human Abductions to Alien Life Forms, Linda Moulton Howe Productions, ISBN 0-9620570-1-0
• Fawcett Lawrence, Greenwood Barry (1993), UFO Coverup, Fireside, ISBN 0671765558
• Fawcett Lawrence, Greenwood Barry (1984), Clear Intent, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0131366564
• Clark Jerome (1996), The UFO Encyclopedia, Volume Three: High Strangeness, UFO's from 1960 through 1979, Detroit Omnigraphics, ISBN 1-55888-742-3
• Jacobs David Michael (1975), The UFO Controversy In America, Indiana University Press, ISBN 0-253-19006-1
• Saunders David R, Harkins R Roger (1969), UFO's? Yes! Where the Condon Committee Went Wrong, World Publishing, ASIN B00005X1J1
• Summers Ian, Kagan Daniel (1984), Mute Evidence, Bantam, ISBN 0-553-23318-1

See also

• Anomalous phenomenon
• Chupacabra
• Horse ripping
• The Mothman Prophecies
• Black helicopters
• National Institute for Discovery Science
• Linda Moulton Howe

External links

• Animal Mutilation Project - The FBI's page on the subject. Chupacabra (also Chupacabras /tʃupa'kabɾas/ from Spanish chupar to suck, cabra goat goat sucker) is a Legendary Horse-ripping, or horse slashing, is an Animal cruelty phenomenon involving serious injuries in Horses often involving mutilation of their genitalia and The Mothman Prophecies is a 1975 book by parapsychologist John Keel, described as nonfiction Black Helicopter is a United States Boston, Massachusetts based Hard rock band on Thurston Moore 's Ecstatic Peace The National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDSci was a privately financed research organization based in Las Vegas Nevada, USA Linda Moulton Howe born January 20 1942 is a national Emmy nominee and regional Emmy -award-winning American Investigative journalist and documentary
• The Skeptic's Dictionary explanation of Cattle Mutilation
• Linda Moulton Howe's homepage
• Human Mutilation by Aliens - Brazilian Case With Photos
• Animal Mutilation News at Paranormalnews.com
• Unexplained Animal Deaths Research - Barb Campbell
• Return of the Mootilators Mark Pilkington reports on Argentinian cases
• Homepage Herman Doty Jr. 134 page historical narrative on Snippy the Horse

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