In medicine a catheter is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct or vessel. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Tubing is a Pipe or hollow cylinder for the conveyance of fluids (liquids or gases Catheters thereby allow drainage or injection of fluids or access by surgical instruments. The process of inserting a catheter is catheterization. In most uses a catheter is a thin, flexible tube: a "soft" catheter; in some uses, it is a larger, solid tube: a "hard" catheter.
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History and etymology
The ancient Egyptians created catheters from reeds. "Katheter" originally referred to an instrument that was inserted such as a plug. The word "katheter" in turn came from "kathiemai" meaning "to sound" with a probe. The ancient Greeks inserted a hollow metal tube through the urethra into the bladder to empty it and the tube came to be known as a "katheter".
Uses
Placement of a catheter into a particular part of the body may allow:
- draining urine from the urinary bladder as in urinary catheterization, e. Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the Kidneys by a process of filtration from Blood and Excreted through the Urethra. In Anatomy, the urinary bladder is a hollow muscular, and distensible (or elastic organ that sits on the Pelvic floor in Mammals It is the In urinary catheterization, a plastic tube known as a urinary Catheter (such as a Foley catheter) is inserted into a patient's bladder via their g. , the Foley catheter or even when the urethra is damaged as in suprapubic catheterisation. Foley Catheters are flexible (usually Latex) tubes that are passed through the Urethra during Urinary catheterization and into the bladder In Anatomy, the urethra (from Greek ουρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the Urinary bladder to the outside of A suprapubic cystostomy (also known as a vesicostomy) is a surgically-created connection between the Urinary bladder and the skin which is used to drain
- drainage of urine from the kidney pelvis by percutaneous nephrostomy[1]
- drainage of fluid collections, e. A nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the Kidney and the Skin which allows for the drainage of Urine directly from the upper part of the g. an abdominal abscess
- administration of intravenous fluids, medication or parenteral nutrition
- angioplasty, angiography, balloon septostomy, balloon sinuplasty. An abscess (abscessus is a collection of Pus (dead Neutrophils) that has accumulated in a cavity formed by the tissue on the basis of an infectious process Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the giving of Liquid substances directly into a Vein. Medication, also referred to as medicine, can be loosely defined as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis cure mitigation treatment or prevention of disease Total Parenteral nutrition (TPN is the practice of feeding a person Intravenously bypassing the usual process of Eating and Digestion. Angioplasty is the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or totally obstructed Blood vessel; typically as a result of Atherosclerosis. Angiography or arteriography is a Medical imaging technique in which an X-ray image is taken to visualize the inside or lumen, of blood vessels Balloon septostomy is the widening of a Foramen ovale, Patent foramen ovale ( PFO) or Atrial septal defect ( ASD) via Cardiac Balloon Sinuplasty Technology is the name of a proprietary device system used by physicians in the treatment of Chronic sinusitis. Often Seldinger technique is used. The Seldinger technique is a Medical procedure to obtain safe access to Blood vessels and other hollow organs It is named after Dr
- direct measurement of blood pressure in an artery or vein
- direct measurement of intracranial pressure
- administration of anaesthetic medication into the epidural space, the subarachnoid space, or around a major nerve bundle such as the brachial plexus
- subcutaneous administration of insulin or other medications, with the use of an infusion set and insulin pump
A central venous catheter is a conduit for giving drugs or fluids into a large-bore catheter positioned either in a vein near the heart or just inside the atrium. Blood pressure is also the title of a short story by Damon Runyan in Guys and Dolls and Other Stories Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. In the Circulatory system, a vein is a Blood vessel that carries Blood back toward the Heart (as opposed to Artery, a blood vessel Intracranial pressure, ( ICP) is the pressure exerted by the Cranium on the Brain tissue Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF and the brain's circulating Anesthesia, or anaesthesia (see spelling differences; from Greek grc αν- an-, "without" and grc αἲσθησις The term epidural is often short for epidural anesthesia, a form of Regional anesthesia involving injection of drugs through a Catheter placed into the In the Central nervous system, the subarachnoid cavity ( subarachnoid space) is the interval between the Arachnoid membrane and Pia mater The brachial Plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibers running from the spine formed by the Ventral rami of the lower cervical and upper thoracic nerve roots specifically The subcutaneous tissue or subcutis is the layer of Loose connective tissue directly underlying the Dermis. Insulin is a Hormone with intensive effects on both metabolism and several other body systems (eg vascular compliance An infusion set is used with an Insulin pump as part of intensive insulin therapy. An insulin pump is a medical device used for the administration of Insulin in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus, also known as continuous subcutaneous In Medicine, a central venous catheter ( CVC or central venous line or central venous access catheter) is a Catheter placed into a Medication, also referred to as medicine, can be loosely defined as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis cure mitigation treatment or prevention of disease In the Circulatory system, a vein is a Blood vessel that carries Blood back toward the Heart (as opposed to Artery, a blood vessel The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic In Anatomy, the atrium (plural atria) refers to a chamber or space A Swan-Ganz catheter is a special type of catheter placed into the pulmonary artery for measuring pressures in the heart. In Medicine pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC is the insertion of a Catheter into a Pulmonary artery. The pulmonary arteries carry Blood from the Heart to the Lungs.
A Touhy borst adapter is a medical device used for attaching catheters to various other devices.
Inventors
The modern application of the catheter was in use at least by 1868 when Dr. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap N. B. Sornborger patented the Syringe and Catheter (patent #73402) with features for fastening it to the body and controlling the depth of insertion.
David S Sheridan was the inventor of the modern disposable catheter in the 1940s. David S Sheridan was the inventor of the modern "disposable" plastic endotracheal tube now used routinely in Surgery. The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949 Events and trends The 1940s was a period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s which also leads the period to be In his lifetime he started and sold four catheter companies and was dubbed the "Catheter King" by Forbes Magazine in 1988. Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) He is also credited with the invention of the modern "disposable" plastic endotracheal tube now used routinely in surgery. Prior to his invention, red rubber tubes were used, sterilized, and then re-used which often led to the spread of disease and also held a high risk of infection. As a result Mr Sheridan is credited with saving thousands of lives.
In the early 1900s, a Dubliner named Walsh and a famous Scottish urinologist called Norman Gibbon teamed together to create the standard catheter used in hospitals today. Named after the two creators, it was called the Gibbon-Walsh catheter.
The Gibbon catheter and the Walsh catheter have been described and their advantages over other catheters shown. The Walsh catheter is particularly useful after prostatectomy for it drains the bladder without infection or clot retention. The Gibbon catheter has largely removed the necessity of emergency prostatectomy. It is also very useful in cases of urethral fistula. A simple procedure such as dilatation of the urethra and passage of a Gibbon catheter often causes the fistula to close. This catheter is also of use in the treatment of urethral stricture and, as a temporary measure, in the treatment of retention of urine caused by carcinoma of the prostate
Materials
A range of polymers are used for the construction of catheters, including silicone rubber and thermoplastic elastomers. A polymer is a large Molecule ( Macromolecule) composed of repeating Structural units typically connected by Covalent Chemical bonds Silicone rubber is a Polymer that has a "backbone" of Silicon - Oxygen linkages the same bond that is found in Quartz, Glass Thermoplastic elastomers ( TPE) sometimes referred to as thermoplastic rubbers, are a class of Copolymers or a physical mix of polymers (usually a plastic Silicone is one of the most common choices because it is inert and unreactive to body fluids and a range of medical fluids with which it might come into contact. On the other hand, the polymer is weak mechanically, and a number of serious fractures have occurred in catheters. It is widely used, for example, in breast implants where failures are well attested. A breast implant is a Prosthesis used to enlarge the size of a woman's Breasts (known as breast augmentation, breast enlargement, mammoplasty
References
- ^ http://www.jvir.org/cgi/content/full/11/8/955#SEC8 Practical approach to nephrostomy
See also
External links
A cannula (from Latin "little reed" plural cannulae) or canula is a tube which can be inserted into the body often for the delivery or removal The French catheter scale or "French units" (Fr is commonly used to measure the outside Diameter of needles, Catheters and other cylindrical Forensic Engineering is the investigation of materials, products, Structures or components that fail or do not operate/function as In Medicine, a stent is a tube that is inserted into a natural conduit of the body to prevent or counteract a disease-induced localized flow constriction The Seldinger technique is a Medical procedure to obtain safe access to Blood vessels and other hollow organs It is named after DrDictionary
catheter
-noun
- A small tube inserted into a body cavity to remove fluid, create an opening, distend a passageway or administer a drug
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