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Saint Catherine of Siena
St. Catherine of Siena. Detail of a work by Domenico Beccafumi, c. Domenico di Pace Beccafumi (1486&ndash May 18 1551) was an Italian Renaissance - Mannerist painter active predominantly 1515
Virgin; Doctor of Church
Born March 25, 1347, Siena, Italy
Died April 29, 1380, Rome, Italy
Venerated in Roman Catholic Church; Evangelical Lutheran Church in America; Anglican Communion
Canonized 1461 by Pope Pius II
Feast April 29; April 30 (Traditional Roman Catholics)
Attributes Virgin; Doctor of the Church; Dominican nun's habit, lily, book, crucifix, heart, crown of thorns, stigmata, ring, dove, rose, skull, miniature church, miniature ship bearing Papal coat of arms
Patronage against fire, bodily ills, diocese of Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA, Europe, firefighters, illness, Italy, miscarriages, nurses, people ridiculed for their piety, sexual temptation, sick people, sickness, television, of Nurses
Saints Portal

Saint Catherine of Siena, O.P. (March 25, 1347 – April 29, 1380) was a Tertiary of the Dominican Order, and a Scholastic philosopher and theologian. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Siena. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America ( ELCA) is a mainline Protestant denomination headquartered in Chicago Illinois. See also Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is an international association of national Anglican churches Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a Saint and is included in the canon or list of recognized saints Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini ( Latin Aeneas Sylvius; October 18, 1405 &ndash August 14, 1464) The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Traditionalist Catholics are Roman Catholics, or people who identify as Roman Catholics who believe that there should be a restoration of many or all of the liturgical Christianity has used symbols from its very beginnings Each Saint has a story and a reason why he or she led an exemplary life In the Catholic Church a consecrated virgin is a woman who has dedicated herself to a life of Virginity or perpetual Chastity in the service of Doctor of the Church ( Latin doctor, teacher from Latin docere, to teach is a title given by a variety of Christian Churches to individuals The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is A religious habit is a distinctive set of garments worn by members of a Religious order. Ecclesiastical heraldry is the tradition of Heraldry developed by Christian Clergy. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members A nurse is responsible—along with other Health care Professionals —for the treatment safety and recovery of acutely or chronically The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Tertiaries is also a term for a Bird 's hand Remiges. Tertiaries ( Latin tertiarii, from tertius The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is Scholasticism was the dominant form of theology and philosophy in the Latin West in the Middle Ages, particularly in the 12th 13th and 14th centuries Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective She also worked to bring the Papacy back to Rome from its displacement in France, and to establish peace among the Italian city-states. In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon

Contents

Life

Saint Catherine was born Catherine Benincasa in Siena, Italy, to Giacomo di Benincasa, a cloth-dyer, and Lapa Piagenti, a daughter of a local poet. Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Siena. She was the 23rd out of 25 children, and her twin sister died at birth.

Catherine received no formal education, and at the age of seven she consecrated her virginity to Christ despite her family's opposition. Her parents wanted her to live a normal life and marry, but against her parents' will, she dedicated her life to praying, meditating and living in total solitude into her late teens. At the age of sixteen, she took the habit of the Dominican Tertiaries.

Catherine dedicated her life to helping the ill and the poor, where she took care of them in hospitals or homes. She rounded up a group of followers, both women and men, and traveled with them along Northern Italy where they asked for a reform of the clergy, the launch of a new crusade and advised people that repentance and renewal could be done through "the total love for God. " Catherine also dedicated her life to the study of religious texts. [1]


In about 1366, St Catherine experienced what she described in her letters as a "Mystical Marriage" with Jesus, after which she began to tend the sick and serve the poor. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) In 1370, she received a series of visions of Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven, after which she heard a command to leave her withdrawn life and enter the public life of the world. Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering See also Intermediate state Limbo|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity Purgatory, in the original sense is the condition or process of purification Heaven may refer to the physical heavens the sky or the seemingly endless expanse of the Universe beyond Being illiterate, she dictated several letters to men and women in authority, especially begging for peace between the republics and principalities of Italy and for the return of the Papacy from Avignon to Rome. Peace, in the modern usage is a concept defined by the ideal state of relationship as absence of hostility at the international level that of a War. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 She carried on a long correspondence with Pope Gregory XI, also asking him to reform the clergy and the administration of the Papal States. See also Vicedomino de Vicedominis, a pope-elect who took the name Gregory XI. Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given Religion. The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa

In June of 1376 Catherine went to Avignon herself as ambassador of Florence to make peace with the Papal States, but was unsuccessful. Avignon (/aviɲɔ̃/ in French) ( Provençal: Avinhon in classical norm or Avignoun in Mistralian norm is a commune Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa She had tried to convince Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome. See also Vicedomino de Vicedominis, a pope-elect who took the name Gregory XI. [2] She impressed the Pope so much that he returned his administration to Rome in January, 1377. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and During the Western Schism of 1378 she was an adherent of Pope Urban VI, who summoned her to Rome, and stayed at Pope Urban VI's court and tried to convince nobles and cardinals of his legitimacy. The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism (also known as the Western Schism) was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417 Pope Urban VI (c 1318 &ndash October 15, 1389) born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389 Pope Urban VI (c 1318 &ndash October 15, 1389) born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389 She lived in Rome until her death in 1380. The problems of the Western Schism would trouble her until the end of her life.

St Catherine's letters are considered one of the great works of early Tuscan literature. More than 300 letters have survived. In her letters to the Pope, she often referred to him affectionately as "Papa" or "Daddy" ("Babbo" in Italian). Her major work is "The Dialogue of Divine Providence. "

St Catherine died of a stroke in Rome, the spring of 1380, at the age of thirty-three. The people of Siena wished to have her body. There is a myth that explains how Catherine's head was able to get to Siena, where it has been entombed in the Basilica of San Domenico. The people of Siena knew they could not get her whole body past Roman guards and decided to take only her head which they placed in a bag. They were still stopped by guards and they prayed to St Catherine to help them because they knew Catherine would rather be in Siena. When they opened the bag to show the guards, it no longer held her head, but was full of rose petals. Once they got back to Siena they reopened the bag and her head reappeared. Due of this myth, St Catherine is often seen holding a rose. A rose is a perennial flowering Shrub or vine of the Genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species

Saint Catherine's body is buried in the Basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome, which is near the Pantheon. The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek, Basiliké Stoà, Royal Stoa) was originally used to describe a Roman Santa Maria sopra Minerva is a Basilica church in Rome. The church located in the Campus Martius region is considered the only Gothic

Veneration

Pope Pius II canonized St Catherine in the year 1461. Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini ( Latin Aeneas Sylvius; October 18, 1405 &ndash August 14, 1464) Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a Saint and is included in the canon or list of recognized saints Her feast day, at the time, was not included in the Tridentine Calendar. The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints The Tridentine Calendar is the Calendar of saints to be honoured in the official Liturgy of the Roman Rite during the course of the Liturgical year When it was later added to the Roman Calendar, it was put on April 30, the day after she died, owing to the fact that the feast of Saint Saint Peter of Verona was on April 29. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Saint Peter of Verona, OP also known as Saint Peter Martyr (1206 &ndash April 6, 1252) was a 13th century Dominican preacher In the 1969 revision of the Roman Catholic calendar of saints, it was decided to leave the celebration of the feast of St Peter of Verona to local calendars, because he was not as well known worldwide, and Saint Catherine's feast was moved to April 29. For earlier forms of the General Roman Calendar see the Tridentine Calendar, the General Roman Calendar as in 1954, General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. [3] Other Christians also, including Lutherans, celebrate her feast on the day of her death. Traditional Roman Catholics continue to commemorate St Catherine's feast on April 30. Traditionalist Catholics are Roman Catholics, or people who identify as Roman Catholics who believe that there should be a restoration of many or all of the liturgical Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule

Pope Paul VI gave her the title of Doctor of the Church in 1970, making her the first woman, along with Saint Teresa of Ávila, to receive this honor. Pope Doctor of the Church ( Latin doctor, teacher from Latin docere, to teach is a title given by a variety of Christian Churches to individuals Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For other saints with similar names please see Saint Teresa. Saint Teresa of Ávila, known in religion as Saint Teresa of Jesus and In 1999, Pope John Paul II made her one of Europe's patron saints. Pope She is also the patroness of the historically Catholic American sorority, Theta Phi Alpha. Theta Phi Alpha ( ΘΦΑ) women's Fraternity was founded at the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor on August 30, 1912.

She is the Patron Saint of Italy along with Saint Francis of Assisi. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest For the opera by Olivier Messiaen see Saint-François d'Assise.

Saint Catherine Of Siena's Prayer

O marvelous wonder of the Church, seraphic virgin, Saint Catherine, because of thine extraordinary virtue and the immense good which thou didst accomplish for the Church and society, thou art acclaimed and blessed by all people. O blessed Catherine, turn thy benign countenance towards me, who confident of thy powerful patronage call upon thee with all the ardor of affection and I beg thee to obtain by thy prayers the favors I so ardently desire (mention your request).

Thou wast a victim of charity, who in order to benefit thy neighbor obtained from God the most stupendous miracles and became the joy and the hope of all; thou canst not help but hear the prayers of those who fly to thy heart - that heart which thou didst receive from the Divine Redeemer in a celestial ecstasy.

O seraphic virgin, show once again proof of thy power and of thy flaming charity, so that thy name shall ever be blessed and exalted; grant that we, having experienced thy most efficacious intercession here on earth, may come one day to thank thee in Heaven and enjoy eternal happiness with thee. Amen.

Nihil Obstat: Rev. E. A. Cerny, SS. , S. T. D.

Imprimatur: Most Reverend Francis P. Keough, D. D. , Archbishop of Baltimore, September 29, 1954[4]

References

  1. ^ *Warren C. Hollister, and Judith M. Bennett. "Medieval Europe: A Short History", 9th edition, Boston: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. , 2002. p. 342
  2. ^ *Warren C. Hollister, and Judith M. Bennett. "Medieval Europe: A Short History", 9th edition, Boston: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. , 2002. p. 343
  3. ^ "Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 121
  4. ^ Novena Prayer Cards from the Dominican Shrine of St. Jude, 411 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021

See also

External links


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