A catchment is any device or structure that captures water. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life.
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General description
Catchment area or drainage basin is the term used to describe the area which is drained by a river. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there It is sometimes called the river basin or watershed (see below). The catchment is the most significant factor determining the amount or likelihood of flooding. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge It collects water and shares between farmers.
Catchment factors
Catchment factors are: topography, shape, size, soil type and land use (paved or roofed areas). Topography ( topo-, "place" and graphia, "writing" is the study of Earth 's Surface features or those of Planets Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel Land use' is also often used to refer to the distinct land use types in Zoning. Vietnam roofjpg|thumb|The roofs of Vietnam.]] A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a Building. Catchment topography and shape determine the time taken for rain to reach the river, Catchment size, soil type and development determine the amount of water to reach the river. Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to
Topography
Topography determines the speed with which the runoff will reach a river, clearly rain that falls in steep mountainous areas will reach the river faster than flat or gently sloping areas. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak
Shape
Shape will contribute to the speed with which the runoff reaches a river. A long thin catchment will take longer to drain than a circular catchment.
Size
Size will help determine the amount of water reaching the river, as the larger the catchment the greater the potential for flooding.
Soil type
Soil type will help determine how much water reaches the river. Certain soil types such as sandy soils are very free draining and rainfall on sandy soil is likely to be absorbed by the ground. Sand is a naturally occurring Granular material composed of finely divided rock and Mineral particles However, soils containing clay can be almost impermeable and therefore rainfall on clay soils will run off and contribute to flood volumes. Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and After prolonged rainfall even free draining soils can become saturated, meaning that any further rainfall will reach the river rather than being absorbed by the ground.
Land use
Land use will contribute to the volume of water reaching the river, in a similar way to clay soils, only faster. Rainfall on roofs, pavements and roads will be collected by rivers with almost no absorption into the groundwater. A road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or more places. Groundwater is Water located beneath the Ground surface in Soil pore spaces and in the Fractures of lithologic formations
Watershed
Another common term for catchment is watershed. This link leads to a website showing a flash animation of how rain falling on to the landscape will drain into a river depending on the terrain. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A Flash animation or Flash cartoon is an animated Film which is created using Adobe Flash animation software and often distributed in the
See also
A catchment is a man made structure that catches rain water. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, A good thing to keep in mind if you were stranded on an island and in need of water
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