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Catch wrestling is a popular style of wrestling. Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two people in which each wrestler strives to get an advantage over or control of the opponent Catch wrestling is arguably the ancestor of modern professional wrestling and mixed martial arts competitions. Professional wrestling, or pro wrestling, is a non-competitive professional Sport, where all matches are scripted by the promotion's booking staff Mixed martial arts (MMA is a full contact Combat sport that allows a wide variety of fighting techniques from a mixture of Martial arts traditions and Catch wrestling's origins lie in a variety of styles, most notably the regional wrestling styles of Europe, particularly the British Isles (e. The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan g. Collar-and-elbow, Lancashire catch-as-catch-can wrestling etc. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea ) and Asia (e. g. pehlwani). Pehlwani ( Hindi: पहलवानी Urdu: پہلوانی or Kushti ( Hindi: कुश्ती Urdu: کشتی which come from 'Collar-and-elbow' refers to the initial hold of the wrestlers.

The term is sometimes used in a restricted sense to refer only to the style of professional wrestling as practiced in United States carnivals just before and after 1900. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A traveling carnival is an amusement show that may be made up of Amusement rides, food vendors merchandise vendors games of chance and skill thrill acts animal acts Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Under this stricter definition, "catch wrestling" is one of many styles of professional wrestling, specifically as practiced in carnivals and at public exhibitions from after the US Civil War until the Great Depression. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South

There are a number of modern submission wrestling enthusiasts whose foundation lies in catch wrestling as well as no small number whose training "lineage" traces back to catch-wrestling. Submission wrestling (also called Grappling or submission fighting and technically referred to as submission grappling is a Wrestling style and a general term

Contents

Rules

The Lancashire phrase "Catch-As-Catch-Can" is generally understood to translate to "catch (a hold) anywhere you can". As this implies, the rules of Catch Wrestling were more open than its Greco-Roman wrestling counterpart which did not allow holds below the waist. Greco-Roman wrestling is a style of Amateur wrestling that is practiced throughout the world Catch players can win a match by either submission or pin, and most matches are contested as the best two of three falls. Often, but not always, the chokehold was barred. A chokehold or stranglehold (in Budo referred to as shime-waza, 絞技 "constriction technique" is a Grappling hold that

Just as today "tapping out" signifies a concession, back in the heyday of Catch Wrestling rolling to one's back could also signify defeat. Frank Gotch won many matches by forcing his opponent to roll over onto their back with the threat of his feared "famous" toe-hold. Frank Alvin Gotch ( April 27, 1877 - December 17, 1917) was an American Professional wrestler credited for popularizing

The rules of Catch Wrestling would change from venue to venue in the same way that the rules of mixed martial arts can change from promotion to promotion (e. Mixed martial arts (MMA is a full contact Combat sport that allows a wide variety of fighting techniques from a mixture of Martial arts traditions and g. , Pride and UFC have different rules but are both referred to as "MMA"). Matches contested with side-bets at the coal mines or logging camps favored submission wins (where there was absolutely no doubt as to who the winner was) while professionally booked matches and amateur contests favored pins (catering to the broader and more genteel paying fan-base).

Origins and popularity

Frank Gotch vs. Georg Hackenschmidt at Comiskey Park
Frank Gotch vs. Frank Alvin Gotch ( April 27, 1877 - December 17, 1917) was an American Professional wrestler credited for popularizing Georg Hackenschmidt at Comiskey Park

Folk wrestling has a long pedigree in the United States, famous practitioners of such folk wrestling have included US Presidents George Washington (collar and elbow), Abraham Lincoln (catch-as-catch-can), and Teddy Roosevelt (who appointed catch wrestling champion Tom Jenkins to the position of Head Wrestling coach at the United States Military Academy). Georg Karl Julius Hackenschmidt ( July 20 1878 - February 19 1968) was an early 20th-century strongman and professional wrestler Folk wrestling is a generic term for traditional Wrestling disciplines which may or may not be codified as a modern sport George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T Tom Jenkins was an American catch wrestler who held the American Heavyweight Championship three times around the turn of the twentieth century "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA,

Catch wrestling became immensely popular across both sides of the Atlantic, especially in the carnivals in the United States of America during the late 19th and early 20th century. Traveling carnival A funfair or simply fair (eg " County fair" " state fair" is a small to medium sized traveling Fair The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The carnival's wrestlers challenged the locals as part of the carnival's "athletic show" and the locals had their chance to win a cash reward if they could defeat the carnival's strongman by a pin or a submission. A submission (depending on the context also referred to as a " tap out " or " tapping out " is a Combat sports term for yielding to

This eventually led to the carnival's wrestlers preparing for the worst kind of unarmed assault and aiming to end the wrestling match with any tough local quickly and decisively (i. Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two people in which each wrestler strives to get an advantage over or control of the opponent Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two people in which each wrestler strives to get an advantage over or control of the opponent e. via submission). A submission (depending on the context also referred to as a " tap out " or " tapping out " is a Combat sports term for yielding to A hook was a technical submission which could end a match within seconds. As carnival wrestlers traveled, they met with a variety of people, learning and using techniques from various folk wrestling disciplines, many of which were accessible due to a huge influx of immigrants in the United States during this era. Folk wrestling is a generic term for traditional Wrestling disciplines which may or may not be codified as a modern sport Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term

Catch wrestling contests also became immensely popular in Europe involving the likes of the national wrestling champion Great Gama, Imam Baksh Pahalwan, Gulam from India, Swiss champion John Lemm, Americans Frank Gotch, Ralph Parcaut, Ad Santel, Ed Lewis and Benjamin Roller, Mitsuyo Maeda from Japan and Estonian Georg Hackenschmidt. The "Great" Gama (c1880 - 22nd May 1953 or 21st May 1960? also known as Rustam-e-zaman Gama Pahelvan and Lion of the Punjab Imam Baksh was a renowed wrestler and a practitioner of the Indian wrestling style of Pehlwani. Gulam was an Indian practitioner of Pehlwani. Gulam participated in early Catch wrestling tournaments in Europe. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Frank Alvin Gotch ( April 27, 1877 - December 17, 1917) was an American Professional wrestler credited for popularizing Ralph Edward Parcaut (c 1891 - June 25th 1957 was a professional wrestler in the early part of the 20th Century Ad Santel, born Adolph Ernst was a practitioner of Catch wrestling. Robert Herman Julius Fredrich ( June 30 1891 - August 8 1966) was a professional wrestler whose career spanned four decades a Brazilian naturalized as Otávio Mitsuyo Maeda,was a Japanese judōka and prizefighter in no holds barred competitions For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Georg Karl Julius Hackenschmidt ( July 20 1878 - February 19 1968) was an early 20th-century strongman and professional wrestler Travelling wrestlers and European tournaments brought together a variety of folk wrestling disciplines including the Indian variety of Pehlwani, Judo and Ju-Jitsu from Japan, et cetera. Folk wrestling is a generic term for traditional Wrestling disciplines which may or may not be codified as a modern sport India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pehlwani ( Hindi: पहलवानी Urdu: پہلوانی or Kushti ( Hindi: कुश्ती Urdu: کشتی which come from meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late literally meaning the " art of softness " or "way of yielding" is a collective name for Japanese martial art styles consisting of grappling Each of these disciplines contributed to the development of catch wrestling in their own way.

A colleague of Frank Gotch, Martin 'Farmer' Burns offered a particularly popular correspondence course in catch wrestling called Wrestling and Physical Culture. Martin "Farmer" Burns ( February 15 1861 - 1937 was a world champion " Catch-as-catch-can " Wrestler as well as wrestling

Catch wrestling and judo

Although catch wrestling did not normally include kicks and blows, it is credited as one of the two disciplines involved in one of the 20th century's first major cross-cultural clash of styles in Martial Arts, occurring between the American catch wrestler Ad Santel and the Japanese Tokugoro Ito, a 5th degree black belt in Judo. Ad Santel, born Adolph Ernst was a practitioner of Catch wrestling.

The match in 1914 was one between two prime representatives of their respective crafts, Ad Santel was the World Light Heavyweight Champion in catch wrestling while Tokugoro Ito claimed to be the World Judo Champion. Santel defeated Ito and went on to be the self proclaimed World Judo Champion. The response from Jigoro Kano's Kodokan was swift and came in the form of another challenger, 4th degree black belt Daisuke Sakai. was the founder of Judo. Judo was the first Japanese martial art to gain widespread international recognition and the first to become an official Olympic sport Santel, however, still defeated the Kodokan Judo representative. meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late

The Kodokan tried to stop the legendary hooker by sending men like 5th degree black belt Reijiro Nagata (who Santel defeated by TKO). Santel also drew with 5th degree black belt Hikoo Shoji. The challenge matches stopped after Santel gave up on the claim of being the World Judo Champion in 1921 in order to pursue a career in full time professional wrestling. Although Tokugoro Ito avenged his loss to Santel with a choke, thus setting the record between them at 1-1, official Kodokan representatives proved unable to imitate Ito's success. Just as Ito was the only Japanese judoka to overcome Santel, Santel was ironically the only Western catch-wrestler on record as having a win over Ito, who also regularly challenged other grappling styles.

The impact of these performances on Japan was immense. The Japanese were fascinated by the European form of catch wrestling and a steady stream of Japanese fighters traveled to Europe in order to either participate in various tournaments or to learn catch wrestling at European schools such as Billy Riley's Snake Pit in Wigan, England. Billy Riley is a practitioner of Catch wrestling. The Briton taught some of the figures in catch wrestling at his training school called "The Snake Pit"

Catch wrestling and mixed martial arts

Karl Gotch was a legendary catch wrestler and a student of Billy Riley's Snake Pit. Karl Istaz ( August 3 1924 - July 28, 2007) was a Professional wrestler and trainer born in Antwerp, Belgium, Billy Riley is a practitioner of Catch wrestling. The Briton taught some of the figures in catch wrestling at his training school called "The Snake Pit" Gotch taught catch wrestling to Japanese professional wrestlers in 1970's to students including Antonio Inoki, Tatsumi Fujinami, Hiro Matsuda, Osamu Kido, Satoru Sayama (the legendary Tiger Mask) and Yoshiaki Fujiwara. real name, born February 20, 1943) is a Professional wrestling promoter and retired Japanese Professional wrestler and mixed martial is a Japanese Professional wrestler who is famous for his gimmick as "The Dragon. Yasuhiro Kojima (July 22 1937 &ndash November 27 1999 was a former professional wrestler and the trainer of Hulk Hogan, "Mr (born November 24, 1957) is a Japanese Professional wrestler, best known as the original Tiger Mask. began as a Japanese Manga in 1968 and was later adapted into a successful anime series in 1969 is a Japanese Actor, and professional wrestler who has worked for New Japan Pro Wrestling, Pro Wrestling

Starting from 1976, one of these professional wrestlers, Antonio Inoki, hosted a series of mixed martial arts bouts against the champions of other disciplines. real name, born February 20, 1943) is a Professional wrestling promoter and retired Japanese Professional wrestler and mixed martial Mixed martial arts (MMA is a full contact Combat sport that allows a wide variety of fighting techniques from a mixture of Martial arts traditions and This resulted in unprecedented popularity of the clash-of-styles bouts in Japan. His matches showcased catch wrestling moves like the Sleeper hold, Cross arm breaker, Seated armbar, Indian deathlock and Keylock. Professional wrestling holds include a number of set moves and pins used by competitors to immobilize their opponents or lead to a Submission. Professional wrestling holds include a number of set moves and pins used by competitors to immobilize their opponents or lead to a Submission. Professional wrestling holds include a number of set moves and pins used by competitors to immobilize their opponents or lead to a Submission. Professional wrestling holds include a number of set moves and pins used by competitors to immobilize their opponents or lead to a Submission. Professional wrestling holds include a number of set moves and pins used by competitors to immobilize their opponents or lead to a Submission.

Karl Gotch's students formed the original Universal Wrestling Federation (Japan) in 1984 which gave rise to shoot-style matches. The original Japanese based Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF was a Japanese professional wrestling promotion from 1984 to 1986, formed by Shoot wrestling is a Combat sport and a general term that describes a range of Hybrid fighting systems originating The UWF movement was led by catch wrestlers and gave rise to the mixed martial arts boom in Japan. Mixed martial arts (MMA is a full contact Combat sport that allows a wide variety of fighting techniques from a mixture of Martial arts traditions and Catch wrestling forms the base of Japan's martial art of shoot wrestling. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Shoot wrestling is a Combat sport and a general term that describes a range of Hybrid fighting systems originating Japanese professional wrestling and a majority of the Japanese fighters from Pancrase, Shooto and the now defunct RINGS bear links to catch wrestling. Pancrase Hybrid Wrestling is a Mixed martial arts organization founded in Japan in 1993 by professional wrestlers Masakatsu Funaki and Minoru Shooto is a Combat sport that is governed by the Shooto Association and the International Shooto Commission. RINGS was a Japanese professional wrestling promotion and later a Mixed martial arts organization from 1991 to 2002.

Notable mixed martial artists with traceable catch-wrestling links are numerous; among them are Kazushi Sakuraba, who trained in the UWF Snake Pit--a gym founded by catch wrestler Billy Robinson--as well as Masa Funaki and Ken Shamrock, both of whom trained under Karl Gotch and Yoshiaki Fujiwara. Kazushi Sakuraba ( Japanese: 桜庭和志 Sakuraba Kazushi, born July 14, 1968 in present-day Katagami Akita, Japan Billy Robinson (born 1939 is a British Professional wrestler and Catch Wrestling instructor best known under his Stage name is a Japanese professional wrestler who performed in New Japan Pro Wrestling, PWFG as well as the UWF. Ken Shamrock (born Kenneth Wayne Kilpatrick on February 11 1964) is an American Mixed martial arts fighter and former professional Karl Istaz ( August 3 1924 - July 28, 2007) was a Professional wrestler and trainer born in Antwerp, Belgium, is a Japanese Actor, and professional wrestler who has worked for New Japan Pro Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Some other important mixed martial artists with significant ties to catch include Josh Barnett, Frank Shamrock, Kiyoshi Tamura, Ikuhisa Minowa, Karo Parisyan, and Erik Paulson. Joshua L 'Josh' Barnett (born November 10, 1977, in Seattle, Washington) is an American heavyweight Mixed martial arts Frank Shamrock (born Frank Alisio Juarez III on December 8 1972 in Santa Monica California) is an American Mixed martial arts fighter Kiyoshi Tamura (田村潔司 (born December 17, 1969 in Okayama Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese middleweight professional Wrestler Ikuhisa Minowa ( Japanese:美濃輪育久 born January 12, 1976 in Hashima Gifu, Japan) is a Japanese mixed Karapet "Karo" Parisyan (Կարո Փարիզյան born August 28, 1982 in Yerevan, Armenia) is an Armenian American Erik Paulson (born 1966) is an American Mixed Martial Artist raised in Minnesota and currently residing in California. Ultimately, however, there are far too many mixed martial artists with ties to catch wrestling to compile anything resembling an exhaustive list of all such fighters.

It may also be worth noting that the term no holds barred was used originally to describe the wrestling method prevalent in catch wrestling tournaments during the late 19th century wherein no wrestling holds were banned from the competition, regardless of how dangerous they might be. The term was applied to mixed martial arts matches, especially at the advent of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC is a US -based Mixed martial arts (MMA organization currently recognized as the largest MMA promotion in the world

The influence of catch wrestling

External links

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