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Lucius Claudius Cassius Dio[1] (Greek: Δίων ὁ Κάσσιος) (ca. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly 155 to 163/164[2]– after 229), known in English as Cassius Dio, Dio Cassius or (incorrectly) Cassius Dio Cocceianus[3] was a noted Roman historian and public servant. Events By Place Roman Empire Severus Alexander and Dio Cassius are joint Consuls English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis Dio published a history of Rome in 80 volumes, beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy through the subsequent founding of Rome and then to 229; a period of 983 years. This article is about the Roman hero For other uses see Aeneas (disambiguation. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Events By Place Roman Empire Severus Alexander and Dio Cassius are joint Consuls Of the eighty books, written over twenty-two years, many survived into the modern age intact or as fragments, providing modern scholars with a detailed contemporary perspective on Roman history.

Contents

Biography

Cassius Dio was the son of Cassius Apronianus, a Roman Senator. Cassius Apronianus or Apronianus (died 180 was a Roman who lived in the 2nd century He was born and raised at Nicaea in Bithynia. Description Several major cities sat on the fertile shores of the Propontis (which is now known as Sea of Marmara) Nicomedia, Chalcedon, Cius Byzantine tradition holds that Cassius Dio’s mother was the daughter of Greek historian, orator, and philosopher Dio Chrysostom; but in all probability this connection, never made by Dio himself, is specious. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Dio Chrysostom (Δίων Χρυσόστομος) Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus (ca His praenomen may have been Claudius. See Praenomen (Ancient Egypt for the pharaonic throne name In Roman naming conventions, the praenomen (literally forename [4] He was a Roman of Greek heritage and wrote in Greek. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Dio always maintained a love for his Greek hometown of Nicaea, calling it 'his home', as opposed to his description of his villa in Italy ('my residence in Italy').

Bust of Commodus.
Bust of Commodus.
Alexander Severus coin.
Alexander Severus coin.

Cassius Dio passed the greater part of his life in public service. He was a senator under Commodus and governor of Smyrna after the death of Septimius Severus, and afterwards suffect consul around 205. Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus ( August 31, 161 – December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with İzmir, historically Smyrna, is the third most populous city of Turkey and the country's largest port after İstanbul. Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) ( April 11 145 - February 4 211) was a Roman general and Roman Emperor Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire He was also proconsul in Africa and Pannonia. Alexander Severus held him in the highest esteem and made him his consul again, even though his caustic nature irritated the Praetorian Guards, who demanded his life. Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor The Praetorian Guard ( Latin: PRÆTORIANI was a special force of Guards used by Roman Emperors Before being appropriated Following his second consulship, being advanced in years, he returned to his native country, where he died.

Roman History

Dio published a Roman History, in eighty books, after twenty-two years of research and labour. It covers Roman history for a period of 983 years, beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy, and the subsequent founding of Rome, and covers events up to 229AD. This article is about the Roman hero For other uses see Aeneas (disambiguation. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Events By Place Roman Empire Severus Alexander and Dio Cassius are joint Consuls Down to the time of Julius Caesar, Cassius Dio gives only a summary of events; after that period, his accounts become more detailed; and from the time of Commodus, he is very circumspect in relating what passed under his own eyes.

Today, fragments remain of the first 36 books, including considerable portions of both the 35th book (on the war of Lucullus against Mithridates VI of Pontus) and the 36th (on the war with the pirates and the expedition of Pompey against the king of Pontus). For his grandfather and namesake see Lucius Licinius Lucullus. See Mithridates for people and concepts with the same name Mithridates VI (Μιθριδάτης 132&ndash63 BC also known as Mithridates The books that follow, to the 54th inclusive, are nearly all complete: they cover the period from 65 BC to 12 BC, or from the eastern campaign of Pompey and the death of Mithridates to the death of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. Year 65 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome In response to the illegal exercise of Citizen rights Agrippa redirects here For other uses of the name see Agrippa (disambiguation. The 55th book has a considerable gap in it. The 56th to the 60th, inclusive, which cover the period from 9 to 54, are complete, and contain the events from the defeat of Varus in Germany to the death of Claudius. Year 9 ( IX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 54 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I ( August 1, 10 BC &ndash October 13, AD 54 ( Tiberius Claudius Drusus from birth to Of the next 20 books in the series, there remains only fragments and the meager abridgement of John Xiphilinus, a monk of the XI century. Joannes Xiphilinus, epitomator of Dio Cassius, lived at Constantinople during the latter half of the 11th century AD The 80th or last book covers the period from 222 to 229 (the reign of Alexander Severus). Events By Place Roman Empire March 11 — Elagabalus is assassinated along with his mother Julia Soemias by legionnaires during Events By Place Roman Empire Severus Alexander and Dio Cassius are joint Consuls The abridgment of Xiphilinus, as now extant, commences with the 35th book and continues to the end of the 80th book. It is a very indifferent performance, and was made by order of the emperor Michael VII Parapinaces.

The fragments of the first 36 books, as now collected, are of four kinds:

  1. Fragmenta Valesiana, such as were dispersed throughout various writers, scholiasts, grammarians, and lexicographers, and were collected by Henri Valois. Fragmenta Valesiana is a Roman text written by Cassius Dio, dispersed throughout various writers scholastics grammarians lexicographers etc Henri Valois ( September 10, 1603 in Paris &ndash May 7, 1676 in Paris) or in classical circles Henricus Valesius
  2. Fragmenta Peiresciana, comprising large extracts, found in the section entitled "Of Virtues and Vices", in the great collection or portative library compiled by order of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, "the Purple-born" ( Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ζ΄ Πορφυρογέννητος The manuscript of this belonged to Peiresc.
  3. The fragments of the first 34 books, preserved in the second section of the same work of Constantine's, entitled “Of Embassies. ” These are known under the name of Fragmenta Ursiniana, because the manuscript containing them was found in Sicily by Fulvio Orsini.
  4. Excerpta Vaticana, by Mai, which contain fragments of books 1 to 35, and 61 to 80. To these are added the fragments of an unknown continuator of Dio, which go down to the time of Constantine. A continuator, in Literature, is a writer who creates a new work based on someone else's prior text such as a Novel or novel fragment Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Other fragments from Dio belonging chiefly to the first 34 books were found by Mai in two Vatican MSS. , which contain a collection made by Maximus Planudes. Maximus Planudes (c 1260 &ndash 1330 was a Byzantine Greek Grammarian and theologian who lived and worked during the reigns of Michael VIII Palaeologus The annals of Joannes Zonaras also contain numerous extracts from Dio. Joannes (John Zonaras ( Greek:; ''fl'' 12th century was a Byzantine chronicler and theologian, who lived at Constantinople.

Literary style

Dio attempted to emulate Thucydides in his writing style, but came up short both in arrangement and the presentation of the materials and in the soundness of his viewpoint and accuracy of his reasoning. Thucydides ( C 460 BC &ndash C 395 BC) ( Greek Θουκυδίδης Thoukydídēs) was a Greek His style is generally clear, where there appears to be no corruption of the text, although his writing is full of Latinisms. His diligence is unquestionable, and due to his personal circumstances he had the opportunity to either be a first-person observer of or have direct contact with the key figures involved in many of the significant events of the Empire during his own lifetime.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Dio's name: L’Année épigraphique 1971, 430 = Κλ΄ Κάδδιος Δίων. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The inaugural games of the Flavian Amphitheatre were held in AD  80 on the orders of the Roman Emperor Titus, to celebrate the completion of the Roman Military Diplomas, Roxan, 133 = L. Cassius Dio.
  2. ^ According to some scholars, such as Millar (Millar, F. , A study of Cassius Dio, Oxford 1966, p. 13), he was born later, in 163/164.
  3. ^ The confusion arises from a speculative connection with Dio Chrysostom, which arises late in the tradition and is unsupported by the epigraphic evidence. See Alain Gowing, "Dio's Name," CP 85. 1 (1990), pp. 49-54.
  4. ^ Gowing, Alain (1980). Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) "Dio's Name". Classical Philology: 49-54. Classical Philology is the title of an Academic journal, begun in 1906 published by the University of Chicago Press.  

Sources

External links

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