For a discussion of case-sensitivity in Wikipedia page titles, see Help:Page name and Wikipedia:Naming conventions (capitalization).

Text sometimes exhibits case sensitivity; that is, words can differ in meaning based on differing use of uppercase and lowercase letters. Capital letters or majuscules pronunciation /məˈdʒʌskyuls ˈmædʒəˌskyuls/ in the Roman alphabet A, B, C, D, Words with capital letters don't always have the same meaning when written with lowercase letters. For example, Bill is the first name of former U. S. president Bill Clinton, who could sign a bill (which is a proposed law that was approved by Congress). William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States For other uses see Bill. A bill is a proposed new law introduced within a Legislature that has not been ratified, adopted Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society And a Polish person can use polish to clean something. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Polishing is the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by using rubbing or a chemical action leaving a surface with significant Specular reflection and minimal

When a computer program compares two words to decide whether they are the same, it might or might not apply case sensitivity, depending upon the programmer’s intent.

Case sensitivity is relevant to:

• usernames
• passwords
• filenames
• commands
• variable names
• website addresses
• searching for a text string within electronic text

Some computer languages are case-sensitive (Java, C++, C^[1], Ruby^[2] and XML), whereas others are case-insensitive (i. Users in a Computing context refers to one who uses a computer system In computing a password is a Word or string of characters that is entered often along with a user name, in modern times usually into a computer system A filename is a special kind of string used to uniquely identify a file stored on the File system of a computer A variable (ˈvɛərɪəbl is an Attribute of a physical or an abstract System which may change its Value while it is under Observation. Uniform Resource Locator is an URI which also specifies where the identified resource is available and the protocol for retrieving it In Computer programming and some branches of Mathematics, a string is an ordered Sequence of Symbols. A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer. C++ (" C Plus Plus " ˌsiːˌplʌsˈplʌs is a general-purpose Programming language. tags please moot on the talk page first! --> In Computing, C is a general-purpose cross-platform block structured Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, general purpose Object-oriented programming language that combines syntax inspired by Perl with Smalltalk Don't change "Extensible" e. , not case-sensitive), for example, most BASICs (an exception being BBC BASIC), SQL and Pascal. In Computer programming, BASIC (an Acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of High-level programming languages Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural Programming language, designed in 1968/9 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small There are also languages, such as Haskell and Prolog, in which the capitalization of an identifier encodes information about its semantics. Haskell is a standardized Purely functional Programming language with non-strict semantics, named after the Logician Haskell Curry Prolog is a Logic programming language It is a general purpose language often associated with Artificial intelligence and Computational linguistics

Often, computer passwords are case-sensitive and computer user names are not, which can be confusing for the inexperienced user. Passwords are often made case-sensitive to make them harder to guess, whereas making usernames harder to guess or remember is not an advantage.

It takes more work for a program to ignore case when comparing data, depending on the data being compared. Usually it suffices in text coded in character sets like ASCII or EBCDIC to merely convert the comparand and the data temporarily to one case and then compare; however it becomes far more challenging in a multi-lingual environment, e. American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII) Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( EBCDIC) is an 8- Bit Character encoding ( Code page) used on IBM mainframe Operating g. , using Unicode, since case-conversion rules differ between some languages, for example, in German the uppercase form for the sharp s ("ß") is SS. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's The letter ß ( Unicode U+00DF is a letter in the German alphabet.

Case-insensitive operations are sometimes said to fold case, from the idea of folding the character code table so that upper- and lower-case letters coincide. The alternative smash case is more likely to be used by someone that considers this behaviour a misfeature or in cases wherein one case is actually permanently converted to the other.

References

See also

• List of case sensitive English words
• Case preservation

A capitonym is a word that changes its meaning (and sometimes pronunciation when it is capitalized and usually applies to capitalization due to Proper nouns or Eponyms When a Computer File system stores text the computer may keep or discard case information

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