Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Caryophyllales
Dianthus caryophyllus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Caryophyllales
Perleb
Families

See text. Dianthus caryophyllus ( Clove Pink) is a species of Dianthus. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its Karl Julius Perleb (1794-1845 (also known as Carl Julius Perleb was a German Botanist and Natural scientist. In Biological classification, family ( Latin

Synonyms

Centrospermae

Caryophyllales is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, and most carnivorous plants. In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. Centrospermae is a descriptive botanical name, published in 1878 by Eichler, meaning "with the seed in the center" referring to the free-central This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group A cactus (plural cacti) is any member of the Spine plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas Dianthus caryophyllus ( Clove Pink) is a species of Dianthus. Amaranthus, collectively known as amaranth or pigweed, is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs Carnivorous plants (sometimes called insectivorous plants) are Plants that derive some or most of their Nutrients (but not Energy) from trapping Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. Succulent plants, also known as succulents or fat plants, are Water -retaining Plants adapted to Arid climate or Soil conditions A stem is one of two main structural axes of a Vascular plant. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis.

Contents

Description

The Caryophyllales includes about 6% of dicot species. Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of Flowering plants whose Seed typically has two embryonic leaves or Cotyledons There In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. [1] This order is considered a core eudicot, which is also referred to as the core tricolpates. Eudicots and Eudicotyledons are terms introduced by Doyle & Hotton (1991 to refer to a group of Flowering plants that had been called "tricolpates" or "non-Magnoliid [2] Currently, the Caryophyllales contains 33 families, 692 genera and 11,155 species. [3] The monophyly of the Caryophyllales has been supported by DNA sequences, cytochrome c sequence data and heritable characters such as anther wall development and vessel-elements with simple perforations. A DNA sequence or genetic sequence is a succession of letters representing the Primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA Molecule [2]


Although the monophyly of the order has been strongly supported, their placement is still uncertain. Systematists are undecided on whether Caryophyllales should be placed within the rosid complex or sister to the asterid clade. A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor [2] Caryophyllales is separated into 2 sub-orders: Caryophyllineae and Polygonineae. [2] These two sub-orders were formerly (and sometimes still are) recognized as two orders, the Polygonales and Caryophyllales. Polygonales was an order of Flowering plants, recognized by several older systems, such as the Wettstein system, last revised in 1935 the Engler system [2]

Circumscription

As with all taxa, the circumscription of the Caryophyllales has changed within various classification systems. A taxon (plural taxa) or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or a group of Organisms In Biological nomenclature according to All systems recognize a core of families with centrospermous ovules and seeds. More recent treatments have expanded the Caryophyllales to include most carnivorous plants. Carnivorous plants (sometimes called insectivorous plants) are Plants that derive some or most of their Nutrients (but not Energy) from trapping

APG II

As circumscribed by the APG II system (2003), this order includes well-known plants like cacti, carnations, spinach, beet, rhubarb, sundews, venus fly traps, and bougainvillea. A cactus (plural cacti) is any member of the Spine plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas Dianthus is a Genus of about 300 Species of Flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea) is a Flowering plant in the family of Amaranthaceae. The beet or beetroot is a Flowering plant species ( Beta vulgaris) in the family Chenopodiaceae. Rheum is a genus of Perennial plants that grows from thick short Rhizomes The genus is in the family Polygonaceae, and includes the vegetable The Sundews ( Drosera) comprise one of the largest genera of Carnivorous plants with over 170 Species. The Venus Flytrap Dionaea muscipula, is a Carnivorous plant that catches and digests animal prey&mdashmostly Insects and Arachnids Bougainvillea is a genus of Flowering plants native to South America from Brazil west to Peru and south to southern Argentina Recent molecular and biochemical evidence has resolved additional well-supported clades within the Caryophyllales. Cladistics is the hierarchical classification of Species based on evolutionary ancestry

APG

Carnegiea gigantea
Carnegiea gigantea
Sweet William Dwarf from the family Caryophyllaceae
Sweet William Dwarf from the family Caryophyllaceae

This represents a slight change from the APG system, of 1998

Cronquist

Chenopodium album
Chenopodium album

The Cronquist system (1981) also recognised the order, with this circumscription:

The difference with the order as recognized by APG lies in the first place in the concept of "order". Achatocarpaceae is a family of woody Flowering plants. The family consists of two genera and ten species and has been recognized by most taxonomists The Family Aizoaceae or Ficoidaceae (fig-marigold family or ice plant family is a taxon of Dicotyledonous Flowering plants containing 135 genera and The Flowering plant family Amaranthaceae, the Amaranth family contains about 160 genera and 2400 species Ancistrocladaceae is the Botanical name for a family of Flowering plants. Asteropeiaceae is the Botanical name for a family of Flowering plants. Barbeuia madagascariensis is a Liana found only on the island of Madagascar. Basellaceae is a family of Flowering plants, in the order Caryophyllales in the clade Core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny A cactus (plural cacti) is any member of the Spine plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas The Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of Flowering plants The species are Dicotyledons Didiereaceae is a small family of just four genera and 11 species of Flowering plants endemic to south and southwest Madagascar, where they Dioncophyllaceae is the Botanical name for a family of Flowering plants. Droseraceae is the Botanical name for a family of Flowering plants. Drosophyllum (dɹɒsəʊfɪləm/ or /dɹəsɒfɪləm is a genus of Carnivorous plants containing the single species Drosophyllum lusitanicum Frankeniaceae is the Botanical name for a family of Flowering plants. Gisekiaceae is a family of Flowering plants. The family has not been recognized by most taxonomists Halophytum ameghinoi is a species of Herbaceous plant endemic to Patagonia. Molluginaceae is a family of Flowering plants recognized by several taxonomists The Nepenthes (nəˈpɛnθiːz from Greek: ne = not penthos = grief sorrow named after the ancient drug Nepenthe) popularly Nyctaginaceae, the Four O'Clock Family is a family of around 33 genera and 290 species of Flowering plants widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions with Physenaceae is the Botanical name for a family of Flowering plants. Phytolaccaceae is the Botanical name for a family of Flowering plants. Plumbaginaceae is a family of Flowering plants, with a Cosmopolitan distribution. Polygonaceae is a family of flowering plants also known as the "knotweed family" or "smartweed family" Portulacaceae is a family of Flowering plants, comprising about 20 genera with about 500 species ranging from Herbaceous plants to Shrubs Rhabdodendron is a Genus comprising 2–3 Species of Tropical South American Trees Rhabdodendron is placed Sarcobataceae is the Botanical name for a family of Flowering plants. Simmondsiaceae or the Jojoba Family is a family of flowering plants Stegnospermataceae is a family of Flowering plants. The family has only been recognized by a few taxonomists the plants in it more commonly assigned to Tamaricaceae is a Flowering plant family containing four genera. A system of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants (or Angiosperms) The APG favours much larger orders and families, and the order Caryophyllales sensu APG should rather be compared to subclass Caryophyllidae sensu Cronquist. Caryophyllidae is a Botanical name at the rank of subclass. At the moment there is no complete consensus about what orders it includes except that it

A part of the difference lies with what families are recognized. The plants in the Stegnospermataceae and Barbeuiaceae were included in Cronquist's Phytolaccaceae. The Chenopodiaceae (still recognized by Cronquist) are included in Amaranthaceae by APG.

New to the order (sensu APG) are the Asteropeiaceae and Physenaceae, each containing a single genus, and two genera from Cronquist's order Nepenthales. Nepenthales is a Botanical name for an order of Flowering plants.

Earlier circumscriptions

Earlier systems, such as the Wettstein system, last edition in 1935, and the Engler system, updated in 1964, had a similar order under the name Centrospermae. A system of plant taxonomy, the Wettstein system recognised the following main groups according to I One of the prime systems of plant taxonomy, the Engler system was devised by Adolf Engler. Centrospermae is a descriptive botanical name, published in 1878 by Eichler, meaning "with the seed in the center" referring to the free-central

References

  1. ^ Caryophyllales
  2. ^ a b c d e Judd. W. , Campbell, C. , Kellog, E. , Stevens, P. & M. Donoghue. (2008). Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Third Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, MA
  3. ^ Stephens, P. F. (2001). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 8, June 2007. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic