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Carter v. Carter Coal Company
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued March 11, 1936
Decided May 18, 1936
Full case name: Carter v. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Carter Coal Company
Citations: 298 U.S. 238; The Oyez Project, Carter v. Carter Coal Company, 298 U. S. 238 (1936),
Holding
The court found that the Coal Conservation Act is not within Congress’ power according to the Commerce Clause. Just because a commodity will, in the future, be sold in interstate commerce does not give Congress the right to regulate it before the event occurs.
Court membership
Chief Justice: Charles Evans Hughes
Associate Justices: Willis Van Devanter, James Clark McReynolds, Louis Brandeis, George Sutherland, Pierce Butler, Harlan Fiske Stone, Owen Josephus Roberts, Benjamin N. Cardozo
Case opinions
Majority by: Sutherland
Joined by: Butler, McReynolds, Roberts, Van Devanter
Dissent by: Cardozo
Joined by: Brandeis, Stone
Dissent by: Hughes
Laws applied
U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 3, U.S. Const. amends. X

Carter v. Charles Evans Hughes Sr ( April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was a Lawyer and Republican politician from the State Willis Van Devanter ( April 17, 1859 - February 8, 1941) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, January James Clark McReynolds ( February 3, 1862 &ndash August 24, 1946) was an American Lawyer and Judge who served Louis Dembitz Brandeis ( November 13, 1856 – October 5, 1941) was an American litigator, Supreme Court Justice, advocate George Sutherland ( March 25, 1862 &ndash July 18, 1942) was an English -born U Pierce Butler ( March 17, 1866 &ndash November 16, 1939) was an American Jurist who served as an Associate Justice Harlan Fiske Stone ( October 11 1872 – April 22 1946) was an American Lawyer and jurist. Benjamin Nathan Cardozo ( May 24, 1870 &ndash July 9, 1938) was a well-known American Lawyer and Jurist, remembered Article One of the United States Constitution describes the powers of the legislative branch of the United States government, known as Congress Article One of the United States Constitution describes the powers of the legislative branch of the United States government, known as Congress Article One of the United States Constitution describes the powers of the legislative branch of the United States government, known as Congress The Tenth Amendment ( Amendment X) of the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, Carter Coal Company, 298 U.S. 238 (1936), is a United States Supreme Court decision interpreting the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, which permits the United States Congress to "regulate Commerce. Case citation is the system used in many countries to identify the decisions in past Court cases either in special series of books called reporters Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Article 1 Section 8 Clause 3 of the United States Constitution, known as the Commerce Clause, states that Congress has the power to regulate commerce with foreign The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses . . among the several States. " Specifically, it analyzes the extent of Congress’ power, according to the Commerce Clause, looking at whether or not they have the right to regulate manufacturing.

Contents

Facts

The Bituminous Coal Conservation Act was passed in 1935 and replaced the previous codes set forth by the National Industry Recovery Act (NIRA). Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA officially known as the Act of June 16, 1933, Ch The new act established a commission, made up of coal miners, coal producers, and the public, to establish fair competition standards, production standards, wages, hours, and labor relations. All mines were required to pay a 15% tax on coal produced. The act was not mandatory, but mines that complied would be refunded 90% of the 15% tax.

James W. Carter was a shareholder of the Carter Coal Company and did not feel that the company should join the government program. The board of directors for the company thought that the company could not afford to pay the tax and not receive anything back. Carter sued the coal mine claiming that coal mining was not interstate commerce and therefore could not be regulated by the federal government.

Legal question

Does the United States Congress have the power, according to the Commerce Clause, to regulate the coal mining industry?

Majority opinion

The majority reasoned as follows:

a) Just because a commodity is manufactured or produced within a state and is intended for interstate commerce, does not mean that its “production or manufacturing is subject to federal regulation under the commerce clause. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Article 1 Section 8 Clause 3 of the United States Constitution, known as the Commerce Clause, states that Congress has the power to regulate commerce with foreign Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. A commodity is anything for which there is demand but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale ”

b) A commodity that is meant to be sold in interstate commerce is not considered to be part of interstate commerce “before the commencement of its movement from the state. ”

c) “Mining is not interstate commerce. ” It is a local business and is subject to local control and taxation.

d) "The word 'commerce' is equivalent to the phrase 'intercourse for the purposes of trade'”: the process of mining coal does not fit within this definition. Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer

e) The labor board has powers over production, not commerce. This confirms the idea that production is a purely local activity.

f) If the production of coal by a single person does not have a direct effect on interstate commerce, then the production of coal by many people can also not have a direct effect on interstate commerce.

g) The evils that Congress sought to control are “all local evils over which the federal government has no legislative control. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation "

h) “The federal regulatory power ceases when interstate commerce ends; and, the power does not attach until interstate commercial intercourse begins. ”

Dissenting opinion

Justice Cardozo, dissenting, claimed that the price-fixing provision of the Coal Conservation Act was within Congress’s power because it had a direct effect on interstate trade.

Main points of the case

The court points out that the issues that Congress is trying to regulate, according to the Bituminous Coal Conservation Act, is the production of coal, not commerce. Also, they make it clear that the flow of goods has not begun when coal is still being produced. Therefore, there is not a current of commerce. Third, the direct versus indirect test was used and the court found that the production of coal does not have a direct effect on interstate commerce. Lastly, the issue of whether or not the production of coal could be categorized as an “evil” was discussed. It was determined that, in this case, the production of coal is a local evil. Congress doesn’t have the right to regulate all evils, just national ones.

See also

References

Epstein, Lee, and Thomas G. This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 298 of the United States Reports: Jones v Walker. Constitutional Law for a Changing America: Institutional Powers and Constraints. 6th ed. Washington D. C. : CQ P, 2007. 448-450.

External links

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