The Carron Company was an ironworks established in 1759 on the banks of the River Carron near Falkirk, in Stirlingshire, Scotland. The River Carron ( Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Carrann) is a river in central Scotland. Falkirk is also the name of the Scottish council area centred on the town see Falkirk (council area. Stirlingshire or the County of Stirling ( Siorrachd Sruighlea in Gaelic) is a Registration county of Scotland, based around Stirling Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. After initial problems, the company was at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The company prospered through its development and production of a new short-range and short-barrelled naval cannon, the carronade. | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural The carronade was a short Smoothbore, Cast iron Cannon, developed for the Royal Navy by the Carron Company, an Ironworks The company was one of the largest iron works in Europe through the 19th century. After 223 years, the company became insolvent in 1982 and was later acquired by the Franke Corporation. Insolvency means the inability to pay one's debts This is defined in two different waysCash flow insolvency unable to pay debts as they fall dueBalance sheet insolvency Franke Holding AG based in Aarburg Switzerland is an industrial manufacturer with companies located around the world
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Early years
The company was founded as a partnership by three men, two Englishmen, Dr John Roebuck, a chemist, and Samuel Garbett, a merchant, and a wealthy Scottish shipowner, William Caddell. This article is about the English inventor For the 19th century British politician see John Arthur Roebuck. A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry. The factory of "Roebucks, Garbett and Cadells" was established on the north bank of Carron Water, two miles north of Falkirk. Taking iron ore from Bo'ness and water from the Carron, they decided to use the new method pioneered by Abraham Darby at Coalbrookdale, using coke from coal mines in the vicinity as fuel rather than the usual charcoal. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Bo'ness, properly Borrowstounness, is a town in the Falkirk Council area of Scotland, lying on a hillside on the south bank of the Abraham Darby is the name shared by three generations of an English Quaker family that was key to the development of the Industrial Revolution. Coalbrookdale is a side valley of the Ironbridge Gorge in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and ceremonial county of Shropshire, England Coke is a solid Carbonaceous material derived from Destructive distillation of low-ash low-sulfur Bituminous coal. Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. Charcoal' is the blackish residue consisting of impure Carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from Animal and Vegetation The works helped to push other less technologically advanced ironworks, such as the Wealden iron industry based in the Weald, out of business. The Wealden iron industry was located in the Weald of south-eastern England. The Weald (wɪəld is the name given to a physiographic area in south-east England situated between the parallel Chalk Escarpments of the North
Caddell's young son, also William, was appointed manager, and the company's financial position was precarious in its first few years. It took time and a considerable investment to create the necessary infrastructure and for the largely unskilled workforce to develop the techniques of iron working. The first blast furnace became operational on 26 December 1760, producing pig iron. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical Furnace used for Smelting to produce metals generally Iron. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 1760 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Pig iron is the intermediate product of Smelting Iron ore with coke, usually with Limestone as a flux However, when the factory started to produce cast iron goods, they were of a generally poor quality. Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but identifies a large group of Ferrous Alloys which solidify with a Eutectic. Nevertheless, in 1764, the Board of Ordnance granted the company a lucrative contract to supply armaments to the British armed forces. The Board of Ordnance was a British government body responsible for the supply of armaments and munitions to the British Army. The company also cast parts for James Watt's steam engine in 1765. James Watt ( 19 January 1736 &ndash 25 August 1819 Boulton proved to be an excellent businessman and both men eventually made fortunes A steam engine is a Heat engine that performs Mechanical work using Steam as its Working fluid.
The company's fortunes had begun to improve as a result of Charles Gascoigne becoming a partner in 1765. Charles Gascoigne (1738&ndash August 1, 1806) was a British Industrialist at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Gascoigne was a grandson of Charles Elphinstone, 9th Lord Elphinstone and had married Samuel Garbett's daughter in 1759. Gascoigne introduced many improvements in the company's techniques of production, and devoted considerable effort to increasing the quality of its work, and he took over the management of the works from William Cadell, Jr, in 1769.
The company received a royal charter to incorporate as the Carron Company in 1773. A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company Incorporation (abbreviated Inc in US and Canadian business names is the forming of a new Corporation (a corporation being a legal entity However, despite Gascoigne's efforts, the quality of company's products had remained low, and the company's contracts to supply the Royal Navy were cancelled in 1773, with the company's cannon being removed from all naval vessels. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service)
Carronades
Undeterred, Gascoigne also pushed forward the development of a new type of cannon, originally known as the "Gasconades" but better known by its later name, the "Carronade". | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural The carronade was a short Smoothbore, Cast iron Cannon, developed for the Royal Navy by the Carron Company, an Ironworks Easily identified by its considerably shortened barrel, the carronade had the same calibre as a long gun, but contained much less metal and so was much lighter, enabling naval vessels to carry many more carronades than long guns. The term long gun is used to describe classes of Firearm and Cannon with longer barrels than other classes The resulting short range was not a problem as a result of the close-to broadside tactics employed at the time. A broadside is the side of a Ship; the battery of Cannon on one side of a Warship; or their simultaneous (or near simultaneous fire in The new weapon was a considerable success, and remained in production from 1778 through to the 1850s. The company established such a reputation for quality that the Duke of Wellington remarked in a letter to Admiral Berkley in 1812 that he only wanted cannon manufactured by the Carron Company in his army. Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, KP, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS ( c The company also made ammunition, including some invented by Henry Shrapnel. Henry Shrapnel ( June 3, 1761 - March 13, 1842) was a British Army officer and inventor most famously of the " Shrapnel
The company also supplied armaments to governments outside the UK, including weapons supplied to the embryonic United States which were used against Britain in the War of 1812. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The British government tried to prevent the company from supplying plans and equipment to the Russian Empire, intended to improve Catherine the Great's weapons foundry at Petrozavodsk; nonetheless, Gascoigne delivered the Russian's orders, and travelled to Russia in May 1786 to supervise the works. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years Petrozavodsk (Петрозаво́дск Karelian / Vepsian / Petroskoi) is the Capital of the Republic of Karelia, Russia He remained in Russia for 20 years, dying in July 1806 in Kolpino near St. Petersburg as Actual State Councillor Karl Karlovich Gaskoin. Kolpino (Ко́лпино is a municipal city in Kolpinsky District of the federal city of St Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River
Prosperity and fall
By 1814, the Carron Company was the largest iron works in Europe, employing over 2,000 workers, and it attracted many innovators. William Symington was an engineer for the Carron Company in the early 1800s, and the company made engines for his steamboats, the Experiment and the Charlotte Dundas . William Symington (1764–1831 was a Scottish Engineer and Inventor, and the builder of the first practical Steamboat. A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller The Charlotte Dundas is regarded as the world's "first practical Steamboat " the first towing steamboat and the boat that demonstrated the practicality of steam power John Smeaton was a consultant for the company. This article is about the 18th century civil engineer For the baggage handler involved in the 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack, see John Smeaton (baggage Henry Cort experimented on methods to produce malleable iron, anticipating the puddling process. Henry Cort (1740 &ndash May 23 1800) was an English Ironmaster. Puddling was an Industrial Revolution means of making iron and Steel. Benjamin Franklin visited the factory, leaving works and is said to have left a design for a stove- 'Dr Franklin's stove or the Philadelphia stove'
The company continued to produce pig iron through the 19th century, together with cast iron products such as ballustades, fire grates, and the Carron bath. Benjamin Franklin ( April 17 1790 was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. Pig iron is the intermediate product of Smelting Iron ore with coke, usually with Limestone as a flux Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but identifies a large group of Ferrous Alloys which solidify with a Eutectic. The Carron Company was an Ironworks established in 1759 on the banks of the River Carron near Falkirk, in Stirlingshire, Scotland. It ran its own shipping line, and produced munitions in both World Wars, and telephone kiosks in the later 20th century. A shipping line is a business that operates Ships that it may or may not own A world war is a War affecting the majority of the world's most powerful and populous nations In the 1960s, it produced cast iron rings to line the Tyne Tunnel under the River Tyne from Jarrow to Howdon and the Clyde Tunnel under the River Clyde from Whiteinch to Govan near Glasgow. The Tyne Tunnel is a two-lane toll vehicular Tunnel under the River Tyne England, completed in 1967 and connecting The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. Jarrow (ˈjæroʊ or /ˈjærə/ is a Town on the River Tyne, England with a Population around 27000 (2001 Census) Howdon is a place in Tyne and Wear, England. Howdon is an area in the eastern part of Wallsend, a former coal-mining and shipbuilding town on the The Clyde Tunnel is a crossing beneath the River Clyde in Glasgow, Scotland. The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. Whiteinch ( Gd Innis Bhàn) is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. Govan ( Scottish Gaelic: Baile a' Ghobhainn) is a district and former Burgh in the southwestern part of the City of Glasgow, Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom
The company diversified into plastics and stainless steel, but the works went into receivership in 1982. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products In Metallurgy, stainless steel is defined as a Steel Alloy with a minimum of 11 Administrative receivership is a procedure in the United Kingdom whereby a creditor can enforce security against a company's assets in an effort to obtain The Company still exists today under the name of Carron Phoenix and is part of the Franke corporation. Franke Holding AG based in Aarburg Switzerland is an industrial manufacturer with companies located around the world They produce both stainless steel and plastic moulded sinks which are sold around the world however some areas of production have been moved to China recently. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
Further reading
- Where Iron Runs Like Water! A new history of Carron Iron Works 1759-1982, Brian Watters, John Donald, 1998.
External links
- Charles Gascoigne - The Darling of Carron Works
- Carron Collieries
- Falkirk Local History Society
- Flags of the shipping line
- Chronology
- [1][Falkirk Council currently hold the largest amount of objects and material associated with Carron]
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