Carrion flowers or Stinking flowers are flowers that emit an odor that smells like rotting flesh. This article is about the zoo For the templer settlement see Wilhelma Palestine Wilhelma is a Zoo in Stuttgart, Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Decomposition (or spoilage) refers to the break down of tissue of a formerly living Organism into simpler forms of matter While a typical flower may be stereotyped as a colorful, sweet-smelling structure that attracts insects and rewards them with pollen or nectar, this scenario is somewhat perverted for carrion flowers because of the repulsive nature of the scent to most humans. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of microgametophytes ( pollen grains) which produce the male Gametes (sperm cells of Nectar is a Sugar -rich liquid produced by plants It is produced either by the Flowers in which it attracts pollinating animals or by extrafloral Carrion flowers attract mostly scavenging flies and beetles as pollinators. True flies are Insects of the Order Diptera ( Greek: di = two and pteron = wing possessing a single pair of Beetles are the group of Insects with the largest number of known Species. A pollinator is the biotic agent ( vector) that moves Pollen from the male Anthers of a Flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish Some species may trap the insects temporarily to ensure the gathering and transfer of pollen. Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described
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Plants known as "carrion flower"
Amorphophallus
Many plants in the genus Amorphophallus (family Araceae) are known as carrion flowers. Amorphophallus (from Ancient Greek amorphos, "without form misshapen" + phallos, " Penis " is a large genus The arums comprise the Family Araceae (including the numerous Aroids subfamily monocotyledonous Flowering plants in which Flowers Titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum), which has the world's largest flower head, is also called "carrion flower". The titan arum or Amorphophallus titanum (from Ancient Greek amorphos, "without form misshapen" + phallos, " Penis Rather than a single flower, the titan arum presents an inflorescence or compound flower composed of a spadix or stalk of small and anatomically reduced male and female flowers, surrounded by a spathe that resembles a single giant petal. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of Flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main Branch or a complicated arrangement of branches In Botany, a spadix (pl spadices) is a type of spike: an Inflorescence with small Flowers crowded on a thickened fleshy axis This plant has a mechanism to heat up the spadix enhancing the emission of the strong odor of decaying meat to attract its pollinators, carrion-eating beetles and "flesh flies" (family Sarcophagidae). Carrion (from the Latin caro, meaning meat refers to the carcass of a dead animal Beetles are the group of Insects with the largest number of known Species. Flies of the Diptera family Sarcophagidae (from the Greek sarco- = Flesh, phage = eating the same roots as the word " Sarcophagus
Rafflesia
Flowers of plants in the genus Rafflesia (family Rafflesiaceae) emit a repulsive odor, similar to that of rotting meat. Rafflesiaceae is a family of parasitic plants found in east and southeast Asia including Rafflesia arnoldii, the plant with the largest flower of all plants This odor attracts the flies that pollinate the plant. Pollination in angiosperms and Gymnosperms is the process that transfers pollen grains, which contain the male Gametes (sperm to where the female The world's largest single bloom is R. arnoldii. Rafflesia arnoldii is a member of the genus Rafflesia. It is noted for producing the largest individual flower on earth This rare flower is found in the rainforests of Indonesia. Rainforests are Forests characterized by high Rainfall with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. It can grow to be 3 feet across and weigh up to 15 pounds. R. arnoldii is a parasitic plant on Tetrastigma vine, which grows only in primary rainforests with no visible leaves, roots, or stem. Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between Organisms of different Species. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Tetrastigma is a Genus of plants in the grape family Vitaceae. It does not photosynthesize, but rather uses the host plant to obtain water and nutrients. Photosynthesis is a Metabolic pathway that converts Light Energy into Chemical energy.
Stapelia
Plants in the genus Stapelia are also called "carrion flowers". The genus Stapelia consists of around 40 Species of low growing spineless stem Succulent Plants predominantly from South Africa They are small, spineless, cactus-like succulent plants. Most species are native to South Africa, and are grown as potted plants elsewhere. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The flowers of all species are hairy to varying degrees and generate the odor of rotten flesh. The color of the flowers also mimics rotting meat. In modern English usage meat most often refers to Animal tissue used as food mostly Skeletal muscle and associated Fat, but it may also refer This attracts scavenging flies, for pollination. The flowers in some species can be very large, notably Stapelia gigantea can reach 30 cm (12 inches) in diameter. Stapelia gigantea is a Flowering plant in the Stapelia genus of plants commonly referred to as the Carrion Plant (although the name
Smilax or Nemexia
In North America, the herbaceous vines of the genus Smilax are known as Carrion flowers. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic For the Flower class corvette, see HMS Smilax (K280. For the United States Coast Guard Cutter, see (WLIC-315 Smilax. These plants have a cluster of small greenish flowers. The most familiar member of this groups is Smilax herbacea. These plants are sometimes placed in the genus Nemexia. Nemexia is a group of Plants in the family Smilacaceae. It consists of the Herbaceous plants within the genus Smilax
Scent
The sources of the flowers' unique scent is not fully identified, partly due to the extremely low concentration of the compounds (5 to 10 parts per billion), but simple amines present in decaying flesh, the appropriately named putrescine and cadaverine, are known to be present. "Parts-per" notation is used especially in Science and Engineering, to denote Ratios (relative proportions in measured quantities particularly Amines are Organic compounds and Functional groups that contain a basic Nitrogen Atom with a Lone pair. Putrescine (sometimes spelled putrescin or putrescene) is an organic chemical compound N[[Hydrogen H]]2( CH sub>24NH2 Cadaverine is a foul-smelling molecule produced by Protein Hydrolysis during Putrefaction of animal tissue Dimethyl sulfides, including disulfide and trisulfide have been detected in Amorphophallus. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH32S [1]
Other plants with carrion-scented flowers
- Crescentia alata
- Sterculia foetida
- Hydnora africana
- Helicodiceros muscivorus
- Dracunculus vulgaris
- Lysichiton americanum
- Symplocarpus foetidus
- Arum maculatum
- Aristolochia clematitis
See also
- Stinkhorn- fungi that use the same basic principle for spore dispersal. Crescentia alata is a species in the trumpet-flower family Bignoniaceae, native to southern Mexico and Central America south to Costa Helicodiceros muscivorus ( Dead horse arum lily; Syn Helicodiceros crinitus, Dracunculus crinitus) is an Ornamental plant Dracunculus vulgaris is a species of aroid in the genus Dracunculus and is known variously as the Dragon Arum, the Black Arum, the Western Skunk Cabbage ( Lysichiton americanus) sometimes called yellow skunk cabbage, is a plant found in swamps and wet woods along streams and in other wet areas Eastern Skunk Cabbage, Clumpfoot Cabbage, Foetid Pothos, Meadow Cabbage, Polecat Weed, Skunk Cabbage, or Swamp Cabbage Arum maculatum is a common woodland plant Species of the Araceae family Aristolochia clematitis, (European Birthwort, is a Herbaceous plant in the Aristolochiaceae family which is native to Europe The Phallaceae or stinkhorns, are a family of Basidiomycetes which produce a foul-scented Phallus -shaped Mushroom.
- Aseroë rubra- fungi that use the same basic principle for spore dispersal. Aseroë rubra, commonly known as the anemone stinkhorn and sea anemone fungus, is a common and widespread Australian Basidiomycete Fungus
References
- ^ Wilson, Elizabeth K. (2003-06-30). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper "A Fantastic Stink" (HTML). HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure Chemical & Engineering News 81 (26): 27. American Chemical Society. ISSN: 0009-2347.
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