Carrawburgh is a village in Northumberland. Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west In Roman times, it was the site of a 3½ acre (1. 5 ha) auxiliary fort on Hadrian's Wall called Brocolitia, Procolita, or Brocolita[1][2] This name is probably based on the Celtic name for the place, and one possible translation put forward is 'badger holes'. Auxiliaries (from Latin: auxilia = "supports" formed the standing non-citizen corps of the Roman army of the Principate (30 BC&ndash284 AD Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman Badger is the Common name for any animal of three subfamilies which belong to the family Mustelidae: the same Mammal family as the The fort there was the Wall's northernmost point, and just over a mile west of the nearest milecastle, Milecastle 30. A milecastle or milecastle fort is a fortified structure constructed along Hadrian's Wall in Great Britain. It either used the Wall (narrow gauge on a broad base at this point) itself as its northern rampart, or was built parallel to it but detached. It certainly postdates both the Wall and the vallum (which it is built across). " The vallum " was a component of Hadrian's Wall, consisting of a large earthwork and ditch built parallel with the Wall on the Wall's southern side
Only the fort's earthworks are now visible, the Wall at this point and the fort's north ramparts having been demolished for the construction of General Wade's early 18th century military road (now the B6318). Field Marshal George Wade (1673– March 14, 1748) served as a British military commander and Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. The Military Road is a name given locally to part of the B6318 road in Northumberland, England, which runs from Heddon-on-the-Wall in the East to Greenhead The late nineteenth century archaeologist John Clayton carried out a partial excavation of the site, revealing a military bath-house outside the fort's west gate (in 1873) and the fort's south-west corner-tower (in 1876). John Clayton may refer to John M Clayton (1796-1856 US Senator from Delaware and U
The Roman Inscriptions of Britain lists 48 inscriptions for the site. They show its garrisoning units to have been as follows:
- RIB 1550 - Hadrianic? - First Cohort of Aquitani
- RIB 1563b - AD122-138 - First Cohort of Tungri
- End 2nd century - Cohors I Cugernorum
- RIB 1544[3], RIB 1553, and Notitia Dignitarum - AD213-222? and AD237 respectively[4] - First Cohort of Batavians
The First Cohort of Frisiavones are also attested at Brocolitia at some stage, as shown by an inscription on an altar stone, which tells us that Optio Maus had repaid a vow to the goddess Coventina. A cohort (from the Latin cohors, plural cohortes) is a fairly large military unit generally consisting of one type of soldier The Aquitani ( Latin for Aquitanians) were a people living in what is now southwestern France, between the Pyrenees and the Garonne The Tungri were a tribe of Gaul and Germania. In a casual aside in Germania Tacitus remarks that Germani was The Batavians ( Latin Batavi) were a Germanic tribe originally part of the Chatti, reported by Tacitus to The Frisiavones (also Frisævones or to distinguish more explicitly from the Frisians, Frisiabones) is a Germanic tribe usually considered as a southern An Optio (from the Latin verb optare, 'to choose' because an Optio was chosen by his Centurion) was a soldier in the Roman army who (This unit is also recorded as present at Ardotalia[5]. Ardotalia (also known as Melandra, or Melandra Castle) is a Roman fort in Gamesley, near Glossop in Derbyshire ) Whether this altar was the repayment of the vow is unknown.
In the small vicus on the low-lying marshy ground outside the fort's south-west corner have been found three religious sites, all connected with a small tributary stream of Meggie's Dene Burn, which runs three miles from Carrawburgh to empty into the River South Tyne near Newbrough's fort on the Stanegate. In the history of the Roman empire, a vicus (pl vici was an ad hoc provincial civilian settlement that sprang up close to and because of a nearby official Roman The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. The Stanegate, or "stone road" ( Old English) was an important Roman road in northern England. Nearest to the fort was an early 3rd century Mithraeum, of which remains can be seen onsite, and a reconstruction at Newcastle University's Museum of Antiquities. Mithraeum is a place of worship for the followers of the Mystery religion of Mithraism. Newcastle University is a leading research intensive University located in Newcastle upon Tyne in the north-east of England. The Museum of Antiquities is an Archaeological museum at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England which opened in 1960 It was discovered in 1949. Behind it was a nymphaeum (found in 1957 and dug in 1960). For a Greek colony in the Crimea see Nymphaion. A nymphaeum, in Ancient Greece and Rome, was a Monument consecrated The third site was "Coventina's Well", a centre for worship of the Romano-British goddess Coventina found in Clayton's 1876 dig, and from which the stream sprung. Coventina was a Romano-British goddess of wells and springs She is known from multiple inscriptions at one site in Northumberland county of the United Kingdom No remains of the nymphaeum or Well can now be seen onsite.
References
- ^ The name "Procolita" is found in the 5th century document Notitia Dignitatum, and "Brocoliti" in the 7th century Ravenna Cosmography. The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. The Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Roman imperial chanceries The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Ravenna Cosmography was compiled by an anonymous cleric in Ravenna around AD 700 In both instances it appears between the entries for Chesters (Cilurnum/Celunnum) and Housesteads(Borcovicium/Velurtion). Cilurnum or Cilurvum was a fort on Hadrian's Wall mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum, now identified with the fort found at Chesters, also known Cilurnum or Cilurvum was a fort on Hadrian's Wall mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum, now identified with the fort found at Chesters, also known This article is about the farm at Housesteads for the Roman fort see Vercovicium. Vercovicium (or Housesteads Roman Fort) was an auxiliary Castra on Hadrian's Wall, in the Roman province of Britannia.
- ^ Roman Britain - Brocolitia
- ^ Altar to Mithras
- ^ The latter is one of the few pieces of evidence for the governor Tuccianus, under the emperor Maximinus
- ^ Roman Britain - Ardotalia
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