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This article is about the U. S. Army captain. For the Olympic swimmer, see Carolyn Wood (swimmer). Carolyn Wood (born December 18, 1945) is a former competitive freestyle and butterfly Swimmer from the United States

Carolyn Wood, United States Army captain, is a decorated military intelligence officer who served in both Afghanistan and Iraq. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Military intelligence (abbreviated MI int Commonwealth, or intel Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. She was implicated by the Fay Report to have "failed" in several aspects of her command regarding her oversight of interrogators at Abu Ghraib. A report commonly known as The Fay Report was appointed to look into the scandal at Abu Ghraib. She was alleged by Amnesty International to be centrally involved in the 2003 Abu Ghraib and 2002 Bagram prisoner abuse cases. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to Beginning in 2004 accounts of Abuse, Torture, Sodomy and Homicide of Prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq In 2005 The New York Times obtained a 2000-page United States Army report concerning the Homicides of two unarmed Civilian Afghani [1]

Wood previously served ten years as an enlisted soldier in the U. S. Army, rising to the rank of Staff Sergeant, before being commissioned as an officer. For the Brush-footed butterfly Species, see Athyma selenophora.

Contents

Controversies

Bagram Abuse controversy, December 2002

In July 2002 Wood was in command of about 20 analysts and interrogators in the intelligence unit located at Bagram Collection Point. The Bagram Theater Internment Facility is a controversial American detention facility located at Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan. She expanded the interrogation procedures with the use of stress positions, isolation for up to thirty days, removal of clothing, and exploitation of detainees' phobias, such as the use of barking dogs.

Two prisoners, Dilawar and Habibullah, were killed in custody in December. Dilawar (c1979&ndash December 5, 2002) was an Afghan prisoner at the Bagram Collection Point military detention center in Afghanistan Habibullah was an Afghani who died while in US custody on December 4 2005. When Military Police guards were charged with their beatings they tried to mitigate their responsibility by attempting to link the intelligence unit's expanded interrogation procedures as leading to such abuse. Military police ( MPs) are normally the Police of a Military Organization. The MPs had been trained to use non-lethal force on violent and combative detainees, including painful peroneal strikes referred to as "compliance blows". Less-lethal weapons, less-than-lethal weapons, non-lethal weapons, non-deadly weapons, or more recently compliance weapons are weapons intended A peroneal strike is a temporarily disabling blow to the side of the leg just above the knee [2] These strikes are used in civilian law enforcement but were later determined to not be part of Army doctrine. [3] Their arguments failed to exonerate them but was readily accepted by critics and opponents of the U. S. side in the War on Terror. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U

Many of the enhanced interrogation procedures, such as the use of barking dogs, were later overturned after review by military lawyers. The practice of shackling a captive's hands above their heads was classified as criminal assault.

Invoked her right to protection against self-incrimination

Wood was called as a witness during the court martial of Willie Brand the first GI to be charged. A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a Military court. These military courts can determine Punishments for members of the Military subject [4] But, on legal advice, Wood invoked her right to protection against self-incrimination.

The Arizona Daily Star quoted speculation over Wood's role, addressing the concern that Wood had been unaware of the most extreme abuse of her subordinates, and addressing the concern that Wood had merely passed on authorization for the abuse from more senior officers. [4]

Abu Ghraib Abuse controversy, August-December 2003

Wood arrived in Abu Ghraib in August 4, 2003[5] and took the initiative to recommend the establishment of the Hard Site in Abu Ghraib based on her experience in Afghanistan. [6]

The Hard Site was opened on August 25, 2003. This was intended as an isolation area to house detainees determined to be of intelligence value, but it was also used by MPs to isolate violent detainees. It became the location of the incidents that first provoked public controversy after criminal detainees were moved into the Hard Site for rioting, and then later revealed to have been humiliated by guards on the night shift.

As in Bagram, the accused guards claimed they were ordered to do this to soften detainees for interrogation. Wood testified in the pretrial hearing against Lynndie England that the conduct went far beyond the intelligence orders she had given to the MPs at Abu Ghraib. Lynndie Rana England (born November 8, 1982) is a former United States Army Reservist who served in the 372nd Military Police Company [7] England later admitted the intelligence rules had played no role in the incident[8] but the incident had already provoked a major Army inquiry into Army practices at Abu Ghraib.

Wood played a key role in drafting the interrogation rules that were issued from General Ricardo Sanchez's office on September 14, 2003. Lieutenant General Ricardo S Sanchez (born 1951 is a retired United States Army general who served as the V Corps commander of coalition forces [9][10][11]

These were revised twice more, on legal advice that the originals could lead to violations of the Geneva Conventions. Many techniques remained, however, and some were to be permitted on a case-by-case basis only with General Sanchez's authorization. The Army inquiry concluded there was confusion on this matter under Captain Wood's leadership, and some interrogation techniques continued to be used without the required authorization. [12]

In testimony before the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee:

Army Col. The Committee on Armed Services is a Committee of the United States Senate empowered with legislative oversight of the nation's military, including the Marc Warren, a U. S. military lawyer, told the committee that Woods, who is a military intelligence officer, developed the list of techniques after researching methods "used by interrogators in other places," or described in "any document that we could find" on Army interrogation rules. Warren conceded that the methods Woods came up with, if used in certain combinations, "may very well . . . violate the Geneva Conventions. "[9]

Findings of the Fay/Jones Report

The Fay/Jones Report's final mention of Wood contained the following findings:[13]

Finding: CPT Carolyn A. A report commonly known as The Fay Report was appointed to look into the scandal at Abu Ghraib. Wood, Officer in Charge, Interrogation Control Element (ICE), Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center, 519 MI BDE A preponderance of evidence supports that CPT Wood failed to do the following:
  • Failed to implement the necessary checks and balances to detect and prevent detainee abuse. Burden of proof (onus probandi is the obligation to prove Allegations which are presented in a Legal action. Given her knowledge of prior abuse in Afghanistan, as well as the reported sexual assault of a female detainee by three 519 MI BN Soldiers working in the ICE, CPT Wood should have been aware of the potential for detainee abuse at Abu Ghraib. As the Officer-in-Charge (OIC) she was in a position to take steps to prevent further abuse. Her failure to do so allowed the abuse by Soldiers and civilians to undetected and unchecked.
  • Failed to assist in gaining control of a chaotic situation during the IP Roundup, even after SGT Eckroth approached her for help.
  • Failed to provide proper supervision. Should have been more alert due to the following incidents:
  • An ongoing investigation on the 519 MI BN in Afghanistan.
  • Prior reports of 519 MI BN interrogators conducting unauthorized interrogations.
  • SOLDIER29's reported use of nudity and humiliation techniques.
  • Quick Reaction Force (QRF) allegations of detainee abuse by 519th MI Soldiers.
  • Failed to properly review interrogations plans which clearly specified the improper use of nudity and isolation in interrogations and as punishment.
  • Failed to ensure that Soldiers were properly trained on interrogation techniques and operations.
  • Failed to adequately train Soldiers and civilians on the ICRP.
Recommendation: This information should be forwarded to CPT Wood's chain of command for appropriate action.

Courts Martial of the dog handlers

In late May 2006 Wood testified at the courts martial of the Abu Ghraib dog handlers that all personnel at the prison had signed General Sanchez's memo authorizing extended interrogation techniques. A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a Military court. These military courts can determine Punishments for members of the Military subject [14] When asked if she would have approved the use of dogs against detainees Wood testified: "Using an unmuzzled dog goes against the CG's (commanding general's) policy,"

Military career

Very little is known about the rest of Wood's military career.

Captain Wood was awarded two Bronze Stars for the services she provided in Afghanistan and Iraq. The Bronze Star Medal is a United States Armed Forces individual military decoration which may be awarded for bravery acts of merit or meritorious service According to a CBC documentary on Abu Ghraib a Bronze Star awarded to Wood following the deaths in custody was awarded for valor. The city of Abu Ghraib ( Arabic: أبو غريب Abū Ghurayb [15]

According to an article published in The Guardian on June 23, 2004, six months after her withdrawal from Abu Ghraib Wood was taking an advanced interrogation course at Fort Huachuca, the Army's primary intelligence training centre. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Fort Huachuca is a United States Army installation under the command of the United States Army Installation Management Command [11] The Guardian reported that although Wood hadn't been charged, she had been allocated a military lawyer.

According to the Arizona Daily Star on March 26, 2005 Wood was still stationed at Fort Huachuca. The Arizona Daily Star is the major morning Daily newspaper that serves Tucson Arizona, and Southern Arizona. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [4]

According to the CBC, Carolyn Wood was only a First Lieutenant when her company was sent to Bagram, and that her second Bronze Star was awarded to after her return from Abu Ghraib. [15] The CBC said, on November 16, 2005 that Wood was still an interrogation instructor at the Army's military intelligence instruction centre at Fort Huachuca. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Military intelligence (abbreviated MI int Commonwealth, or intel Fort Huachuca is a United States Army installation under the command of the United States Army Installation Management Command

References

  1. ^ Statement Of Dr. William F. Schulz Executive Director Amnesty International USA May 25, 2005
  2. ^ Reservist: Knee blows that killed 2 detainees were approved, Knight Ridder, March 26, 2005
  3. ^ In U.S. Report, Brutal Details Of 2 Afghan Inmates' Deaths New York Times May 20, 2005
  4. ^ a b c Fort Huachuca officer criticized in Army probe: Reservist testifies physical blows a common compliance technique, Arizona Daily Star, March 26, 2005
  5. ^ AR 15-6 Investigation of the Abu Ghraib Detention Facility and 205th Military Intelligence Brigade (.pdf), the Fay Report, page 74, paragraph 1. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the unrelated television series see Knight Rider. For other articles see Knight Rider (disambiguation Knight Ridder Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Arizona Daily Star is the major morning Daily newspaper that serves Tucson Arizona, and Southern Arizona. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A report commonly known as The Fay Report was appointed to look into the scandal at Abu Ghraib.
  6. ^ AR 15-6 Investigation of the Abu Ghraib Detention Facility and 205th Military Intelligence Brigade (.pdf), the Fay Report, page 68, paragraph 3. A report commonly known as The Fay Report was appointed to look into the scandal at Abu Ghraib.
  7. ^ Superior Orders: Will the Defense Work for PFC Lynndie England: Who Is Accused of Abusing Abu Ghraib Prisoners?, Findlaw, August 10, 2004
  8. ^ Sentencing phase begins in Abu Ghraib case CNN May 3, 2005
  9. ^ a b Sanchez says he never saw rules for interrogation, USA Today, May 20, 2004
  10. ^ ISTF Final Report, The Church Report
  11. ^ a b 'They said this is America . . . if a soldier orders you to take off your clothes, you must obey', The Guardian, June 23, 2004
  12. ^ AR 15-6 Investigation of the Abu Ghraib Detention Facility and 205th Military Intelligence Brigade (.pdf), the Fay Report, page 62-63, paragraphs 15, 16 and 17. FindLawcom is a free legal information Web portal owned by Thomson Reuters. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " A report commonly known as The Fay Report was appointed to look into the scandal at Abu Ghraib.
  13. ^ AR 15-6 Investigation of the Abu Ghraib Detention Facility and 205th Military Intelligence Brigade (.pdf), the Fay Report, page 152 -- Findings
  14. ^ General urged use of dogs at Abu Ghraib: witness, Washington Post, May 25, 2006
  15. ^ a b A few bad apples?, CBC, November 16, 2005

External links

A report commonly known as The Fay Report was appointed to look into the scandal at Abu Ghraib. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Tim Golden is a Democratic member of the Georgia State Senate, representing the 8th District since 1998 Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Columbia Journalism Review (CJR is an American magazine for professional journalists published bimonthly by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism
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