Carol Park (Romanian: Parcul Carol) is a public park in Bucharest, Romania, named after King Carol I of Romania. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Carol I of Romania, original name Prince Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, later simply of Hohenzollern (April 20th 1839 - For the duration of the communist regime, it was called Liberty Park (Parcul Libertăţii).
The park was designed by French landscape artist Édouard Redont in 1900 on Filaret Hill and inaugurated in 1906. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( For the art of designing external spaces see Landscape architecture. The park had an initial surface area of 360,000m², with a 20,000m² lake in the middle. M^2 redirects here For other uses see M². CM2 redirects here M^2 redirects here For other uses see M². CM2 redirects here It is officially recognized as a historical monument and is therefore protected by law. Administration of the park is undertaken mostly by the Bucharest City Hall, whereas monuments are in the care of the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs. The Mayor of Bucharest ( Primarul General al Municipiului Bucureşti in Romanian) is the head of the Bucharest City Hall which is responsible for city-wide The Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs of Romania (Ministerul Culturii şi Cultelor is one of the fifteen ministries of the Government of Romania.
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Attractions
Aside from its beautiful vegetation and panoramic views, the park also includes several monuments, such as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and a mausoleum where some of Romania's most prominent Communist leaders were buried until the Romanian Revolution of 1989. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Mormântul Soldatului Necunoscut is a monument located in Bucharest, dedicated to the soldiers who died while fighting for Romania The Romanian Communist Party ( Romanian: ro Partidul Comunist Român, PCR was a communist political party in Romania. The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of increasingly violent riots and fighting in late December 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae
Other attractions include the Cantacuzino Fountain, the Giants' Statues, the Zodiac Fountain, the Technical Museum (first opened in 1909), a monument in the shape of a small mosque built in 1923 as a sign of reconciliation, the open-air Roman Arena, and the Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy. The Cantacuzino ( Cantacuzène) family has its origins in the Byzantine Empire The Romanian Academy ( Romanian: Academia Română) is a cultural forum founded in Romania in 1866.
The park once contained busts of Ioan Lahovari and Constantin Istrati, but these are now gone. Constantin Istrati (1850-1919 was a famous Romanian Chemist and Medic. After 1948, busts of George Coşbuc, Alexandru Sahia, Nicolae Bălcescu (these three by Constantin Baraschi) and Theodor Neculuţă (by E. George Coşbuc ( September 20 1866, Hordou nowadays Coşbuc in Bistriţa-Năsăud County &mdash May 9 1918, Alexandru Sahia ( Pen name of Alexandru Stănescu; October 11 1908 &mdash August 12 1937) was a Romanian Communist Nicolae Bălcescu ( June 29, 1819 &mdash November 29, 1852) was a Romanian Wallachian soldier historian journalist Mereanu) were set up in the park, where they remain.
In 2006, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was relocated to its original 1923 location, somewhat closer to the former communist mausoleum. [1]
Mausoleum
The Carol Park Mausoleum (Mausoleul din Parcul Carol), known during the Communist régime as the "Monument of the Heroes for the Freedom of the People and of the Motherland, for Socialism" (Monumentul eroilor luptei pentru libertatea poporului şi a patriei, pentru socialism), is located on a plateau. Formerly, it was the site of the Arts Palace (Palatul Artelor) and later of the Military Museum (Muzeul Militar), with the fountain in front of the latter museum.
The mausoleum was built in honour of revolutionary socialist militants. Designed by architects Horia Maicu and Nicolae Cucu, it was inaugurated on December 30, 1963, the 16th anniversary of the Romanian People's Republic. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
The base is circular and plated with black granite. Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. Above rise five narrow arches covered with red granite. Inside the base there is a rotunda covered in red granite plates; the ceiling is decorated with a golden mosaic. Art History Mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and they enriched the floors of Hellenistic Prior to the Romanian Revolution of 1989, the rotunda contained the crypts of Communist leaders Petru Groza, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and Constantin Ion Parhon. In terms of European architecture a crypt (from the Latin crypta and the Greek κρυπτη, kryptē) is a stone chamber or Petru Groza ( December 7, 1884 - January 7, 1958) was a Romanian politician best known as Prime Minister of the first Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (born Gheorghe Gheorghiu; November 8 1901, Bârlad - March Constantin Ion Parhon ( October 15, 1874 &mdash August 9, 1969) was a Romanian neuropsychiatrist endocrinologist and politician In the semicircle around the monument were crypts containing the remains of a number of socialist militants, such as Ştefan Gheorghiu, Ion C. Frimu, Leontin Sălăjan, Alexandru Moghioroş, Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu (after his rehabilitation), Grigore Preoteasa, Ilie Pintilie and Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea. Ion Costache Frimu ( &mdash) was a Romanian socialist militant and politician a leading member of the Romanian Social Democratic Party (PSDR and Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu ( November 4, 1900 &mdash April 17, 1954) was a Romanian communist politician and leading member of Grigore Preoteasa ( August 25 1915 - November 4 1957) was a Romanian communist activist journalist and politician who served Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea (born Solomon Katz; 1855 near Dnipropetrovsk, then in Imperial Russia &mdash1920 Bucharest) was a Romanian To the right of the monument was a hemicycle containing the funeral urns of Communist militants, including Gheorghe Vasilescu-Vasia, Constantin David, Ada Marinescu, Panait Muşoiu, Barbu Lăzăreanu, Simion Stoilow and Mihail Macavei. Simion Stoilow or Stoilov ( &ndash April 4 1961) was a Romanian Mathematician, creator of the Romanian school of Complex analysis
When it was built, an eternal flame burned on an upper terrace near the monument, in a granite amphora. An eternal flame is a flame or torch that burns constantly The flame that burned constantly at Delphi, was an archaic feature "alien to the ordinary Greek temple" An amphora (plural amphorae or amphoras) is a type of Ceramic Vase with two handles and a long neck narrower than the body This was intended to preserve the memory of those who had fought on behalf of the working class. Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types
In 1991 the mausoleum acquired a new purpose when the Communists were exhumed and interred in other cemeteries. They were replaced by the remains of soldiers fallen in World War I, brought from the Mărăşeşti Mausoleum. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Mărăşeşti (mərə'ʃeʃtʲ is a small town in Romania in Vrancea County. The mausoleum and the monument in front of it were dedicated to the Unknown Soldier. Throughout history many Soldiers have died in wars without their remains being identified The rotunda remains closed to the public, and guards are stationed to prevent the approach of visitors. A rotunda is any building with a circular ground plan often covered by a Dome.
In 2005, 1. 97 billion old lei from the state budget were allocated to refurbish the monument, even though it was removed from the list of historic monuments in 2004. The leu ( plural lei; ISO 4217 code RON numeric code 946 is the currency of Romania. [2]
Dimitrie Leonida Technical Museum
World first technical interactive museum. The Romanian Technical Museum was founded in 1909 by Dimitrie Leonida inspired by Munchen technical museum visited during his studies in Charlottenburg Politechnic institute
Gogu Constantinescu bridge
Concrete bridge in Carol Park, Bucharest, designed by G. Constantinescu and erected in 1906.
Giants' Statues
The two Giants' Statues (Statuile Giganţii) flank the park's main walkway near the June 11th Square (Piaţa 11 iunie) entrance. 3. 5 m tall and 50 m from one another, they form a line perpendicular to the walkway and depict two nude youths. One of them shows a young man with a strained look. His head is bowed, his right shoulder twisted, he leans on his left hand, the right he keeps behind his back, and the legs are bent. In the other statue, a young man leans his head toward his left shoulder, his torso is twisted and he supports himself on his left hand, while the right is behind his back.
At first the statues were located before the Arts Palace and of the artificial cave in front of it. The grotto was called "The Giants' Grotto" (Grota cu Giganţi) or "The Enchanted Grotto" (Grota fermecată) as it was watched over by the two giants and a Sleeping beauty (Frumoasa adormită). The three statues showed the characters of a legend where a pair of twins, in love with the same woman, were turned into stone due to their unrequited love, while the object of their love became a waterfall. At that time, the giants were displayed one before the other, with the sleeping beauty lying down in the middle.
Filip Marin sculpted Sleeping beauty; Dumitru Paciurea and Frederic Stork were responsible for the giants. The former was done in marble; the latter are in Rousse stone. Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of Rousse (also transliterated as Ruse or Russe; Русе) is the fifth-largest city in Bulgaria with a population of near 175600
Controversy
The park drew national attention in 2003, when the Romanian government adopted a decision to allot 52,700 m² to the Romanian Orthodox Church for the "Cathedral of National Redemption" project. M^2 redirects here For other uses see M². CM2 redirects here The Romanian Orthodox Church ( Biserica Ortodoxă Română in Romanian) is a Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church The cathedral, although popular among the citizenry and supported by the government, drew criticism because it was to be placed on the site of the mausoleum.
Symbolically, replacing the mausoleum with a church was seen by some as a removal of painful memories, similar to the removal of other communist statues and symbols. On the other hand it was argued that it served as a reminder of Romania's fight for democracy. In addition, the building was seen as an architectural monument and drew the protests of Romanian architects. The cathedral site has since been moved next to the Palace of the Parliament.
Notes
Bibliography
- Florian Georgescu, Paul Cernovodeanu, Alexandru Cebuc - Monumente din Bucureşti (Ed. Curierul Naţional ( The National Courier in Romanian) is a Romanian daily newspaper published in Bucharest. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Meridiane, Bucureşti, 1966)
- Dan Berindei, Sebastian Bonifaciu - Bucureşti. Ghid turistic (Ed. Sport-Turism, Bucureşti, 1978)
- Revista Societăţii de Studii Istorice Erasmus, nr 12 of 2001
External links
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