Carnivàle
Carnivàle title screen.
Genre	Drama, Mystery, Fantasy, Horror
Created by	Daniel Knauf
Starring	see Cast
Theme music composer	Wendy Melvoin and Lisa Coleman
Composer(s)	Jeff Beal
Country of origin	United States
Language(s)	English
No. A drama film is a Film genre that depends mostly on in-depth development of realistic characters dealing with emotional themes Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting Daniel Knauf, sometimes credited under the pseudonyms Wilfred Schmidt and Chris Neal, is an American Screenwriter, comic book writer Wendy Melvoin (born January 26, 1964) is an American Guitarist and Singer-songwriter, best known for her work with Prince. Lisa Coleman (born August 17, 1960) is an American musician Coleman plays Piano and Keyboards. Jeff Beal (born June 20, 1963 in Hayward California) is an American Composer of music for film television recordings and the concert hall The United States of America —commonly referred to as the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States of seasons	2
No.  of episodes	24 (List of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)	Howard Klein Daniel Knauf Ronald D. Moore
Location(s)	California
Camera setup	Single-camera
Running time	approx. The following is an episode list for the American TV show Carnivàle, created by Daniel Knauf. Howard Klein is an American television producer He is best known for being executive producer of the award-winning HBO television series Carnivàle. Daniel Knauf, sometimes credited under the pseudonyms Wilfred Schmidt and Chris Neal, is an American Screenwriter, comic book writer Ronald Dowl Moore (born 5 July 1964 in Chowchilla California) is a two-time Emmy Award -nominated American Screenwriter California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The single-camera setup (aka single-camera mode of production is a method of shooting films and television programs 45–60 minutes
Broadcast
Original channel	HBO
Original run	September 7, 2003 – March 27, 2005
External links
Official website
IMDb profile
TV.com summary

Carnivàle, pronounced /kɑɹ. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. nɪ'væl/ ("car-nih-VAL"),^[1] is an American television series set in the United States during the Great Depression. A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U In tracing the lives of two disparate groups of people, its overarching story depicts the battle between good and evil and the struggle between free will and destiny; the storyline mixes Christian theology with gnosticism and Masonic lore, particularly that of the Knights Templar. In Religion, Ethics, and Philosophy, the phrase good and evil refers to the location of objects desires and Behaviors on a two-way The question of free will Destiny refers to a predetermined course of events It may be conceived as a predetermined future whether in general or of an individual Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Gnosticism (γνώσις gnōsis, Knowledge) refers to a diverse Syncretistic Religious movement consisting of various Belief systems The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order The show was filmed in Santa Clarita, California, and other Southern Californian locations. Santa Clarita is the fourth largest city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Southern California, or So Cal, is defined as the southern portion of the U

Carnivàle was produced by HBO and ran for two seasons between September 14, 2003 and March 27, 2005. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The show was created by Daniel Knauf, who also served as executive producer with Ronald D. Moore and Howard Klein. Daniel Knauf, sometimes credited under the pseudonyms Wilfred Schmidt and Chris Neal, is an American Screenwriter, comic book writer Ronald Dowl Moore (born 5 July 1964 in Chowchilla California) is a two-time Emmy Award -nominated American Screenwriter Howard Klein is an American television producer He is best known for being executive producer of the award-winning HBO television series Carnivàle. The incidental music was composed by Jeff Beal. Jeff Beal (born June 20, 1963 in Hayward California) is an American Composer of music for film television recordings and the concert hall Nick Stahl and Clancy Brown starred as Ben Hawkins and Brother Justin Crowe, respectively. Nicolas Kent Stahl (born December 5, 1979 and William Kent Stahl Clarence J Brown III (born January 5, 1959) is an American Actor. Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935 Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935

Early reviews praised its style but questioned the approach and execution of the story. Carnivàle's debut episode set a new viewership record for an HBO original series,^[2] but was unable to retain its ratings in its second season. Carnivàle was canceled after 24 episodes, cutting its intended six-season run short by four seasons. The show won five Emmys in 2004, was nominated for 10 further Emmy awards, and received numerous other nominations and industry awards between 2004 and 2006. ^[3]

Plot introduction

Main articles: List of Carnivàle episodes and Characters of Carnivàle

The two seasons of Carnivàle take place in the Depression-era dust bowl between 1934 and 1935, and consist of two main plotlines that slowly converge. The following is an episode list for the American TV show Carnivàle, created by Daniel Knauf. Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935 The Dust Bowl, or the dirty thirties, was a period of severe Dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and The first involves a young man with strange healing powers named Ben Hawkins (Nick Stahl), who joins a traveling carnival when it passes near his home in Milfay, Oklahoma. Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935 Nicolas Kent Stahl (born December 5, 1979 and William Kent Stahl A traveling carnival is an amusement show that may be made up of Amusement rides, food vendors merchandise vendors games of chance and skill thrill acts animal acts Milfay is a small unincorporated community in Creek County, Oklahoma, United States. Soon thereafter, Ben begins having surreal dreams and visions, which set him on the trail of a man named Henry Scudder, a drifter who crossed paths with the carnival many years before, and who apparently possessed unusual abilities similar to Ben's own.

The second plotline revolves around a Father Coughlin-esque Methodist preacher, Brother Justin Crowe (Clancy Brown), who lives with his sister Iris in California. Father Charles Edward Coughlin ( October 25, 1891 &ndash October 27, 1979) was a Canadian -born Roman Catholic priest at Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935 Clarence J Brown III (born January 5, 1959) is an American Actor. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. He shares Ben's prophetic dreams and slowly discovers the extent of his own unearthly powers, which include bending human beings to his will and making their sins and greatest evils manifest in the form of terrifying visions. Will, or willpower is a philosophical concept that is defined in several different ways Certain that he is doing God's work, Brother Justin fully devotes himself to his religious duties, not realizing that his ultimate nemesis Ben Hawkins and the carnival are inexorably drawing closer.

Production

Conception

Show creator Daniel Knauf

Daniel Knauf conceived the initial script for the show between 1990 and 1992 when he was unsatisfied with his job as a Californian health insurance broker and hoped to become a screenwriter. Daniel Knauf, sometimes credited under the pseudonyms Wilfred Schmidt and Chris Neal, is an American Screenwriter, comic book writer Daniel Knauf, sometimes credited under the pseudonyms Wilfred Schmidt and Chris Neal, is an American Screenwriter, comic book writer The term health insurance is generally used to describe a form of Insurance that pays for medical expenses An insurance broker (agent sources (brokes contracts of insurance on behalf of their customers Screenwriters or scenarists are Scriptwriters who write the Screenplays from which Films and Television programs are made He had always been interested in carnivals and noted that this subject had rarely been dramatized on film. The resulting story and its treatment of freaks was strongly informed by Knauf's experiences of growing up with a disabled father who was not commonly accepted as a normal human being. Generally considered in contemporary times as a highly inappropriate and dehumanizing term a freak show is an exhibition of rarities "freaks of nature" — such ^[4][5][6]

Knauf named the intended feature film script Carnivàle, using an unusual spelling for a more outlandish look. In the Film industry, a feature film is a Film made for initial distribution in theaters and being the "main attraction" of the screening Knauf had plotted the story's broad strokes as well as several plot details from early on and knew the story destination up until the final scene. However, the resulting 180-page long script was twice the length of an average feature film script, and Knauf still felt that it was too short to do his story justice. He therefore shelved the screenplay as a learning experience. In the meantime, all but one of Knauf's other scripts were rejected by Hollywood studios, often for being "too weird. "^[4][6][7]

In the mid-1990s, Knauf met a few Writers Guild TV writers who encouraged him to revise Carnivàle as a TV series. The Writers Guild of America is a generic term referring to the joint efforts of two different US labor unions The Writers Guild of America East (WGAE representing Knauf turned the script's first act into a pilot episode, but, having no contacts in the television business, he was forced to shelve the project again and return to his regular job. A television pilot is a test episode of an intended Television series. A few years later, after realizing that his insurance career was not working out, he decided to give his screenwriting efforts a last chance by offering the Carnivàle pilot on his website. The script was subsequently forwarded to Howard Klein via Scott Winant, a mutual friend of the two men. Howard Klein is an American television producer He is best known for being executive producer of the award-winning HBO television series Carnivàle. Scott Winant is an American television director and producer of network and Premium cable series After several meetings and conversations, Klein felt confident that Carnivàle would make a good episodic television series that could last for many years. Klein brought it to the attention of Chris Albrecht and Carolyn Strauss of HBO, who were immediately receptive. Chris Albrecht founded Foresee Entertainment, an independent content creation development and distribution company in 2007 ^{[4][8][9][10]} But the network deemed Knauf too inexperienced in the television business to give him full control over the budget, and appointed Ronald D. Moore as showrunner. Ronald Dowl Moore (born 5 July 1964 in Chowchilla California) is a two-time Emmy Award -nominated American Screenwriter (Knauf would replace Moore after one season when Moore left for the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica. The Battlestar Galactica Science fiction franchise which began as a 1978 TV series, was "reimagined" in 2003 into a TV miniseries )^[11]

The pilot episode, which was filmed over a period of twenty-one days, served as the basis for additional tweaking of intended story lines. Long creative discussions took place among the writers and the network, leading to the postponement of the filming of the second episode for fourteen months. ^[12][13] One major change was the addition of extra material for Brother Justin's side of the story. Brother Justin was originally conceived as a well-established preacher, and as a recurring character rather than a regular one. However, after perusing the preliminary version of the pilot, Knauf and the producers realized that there was no room for Justin to grow in a television series. Hence, it was decided to make Brother Justin an ordinary Methodist minister in a small town, setting him back in his career by about one or two years. Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations In Christian churches, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church or religious organization to perform clergy functions such as teaching of beliefs Expanding Brother Justin's role opened new possibilities, and his sister Iris was created as a supporting character. Little was changed on Ben Hawkins' side except for the addition of the cootch (striptease) family; a Carnivàle consultant had elated the producers by calling attention to his research about families managing cootch shows in the 1930s. A striptease or Exotic dance is a form of erotic entertainment usually a Dance, in which the performer known as a "stripper" gradually undresses ^[14][15]

Format

The Carnivàle story was originally intended to be a trilogy of "books", consisting of two seasons each. ^[11] This plan was abruptly changed when HBO canceled the show after the first two seasons. Each season consists of twelve episodes.

Airing on HBO benefited Carnivàle in several ways. Because HBO does not rely on commercial breaks, Carnivàle had the artistic freedom to vary in episode length. Although the episodes averaged a runtime of 54 minutes, the episodes "Insomnia" and "Old Cherry Blossom Road" significantly departed with lengths of 46 minutes and 59 minutes, respectively. HBO budgeted approximately US$4 million for each episode, considerably more than what most television series receive. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been ^[16][17] This increased Carnivàle's production value, allowing for a comparably large main cast, filming on location, and developing story, plot depth, and atmosphere.

Historical production design

Carnivàle's 1930s Dust Bowl setting required significant research and relying upon historical consultants to be convincing, which was made possible with HBO's strong financial backing. The Dust Bowl, or the dirty thirties, was a period of severe Dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and As a result, reviews praised the look and production design of the show as "impeccable,"^[18] "spectacular"^[19] and as "an absolute visual stunner. "^[20] In 2004, Carnivàle won four Emmys for art direction, cinematography, costumes, and hairstyling. ^[21]

To give a sense of the dry and dusty environment of the Dust Bowl, smoke and dirt were constantly blown through tubes onto the set. The actors' clothes were ragged and drenched in dirt, and Carnivàle had an estimated 5,000 people costumed in the show's first season alone. The creative team listened to 1930s music and radio and read old Hollywood magazines to get the period's sound, language, and slang right. The art department had an extensive research library of old catalogs, among them an original 1934 Sears Catalog, which were purchased at flea markets and antique stores. Sears Roebuck and Company, commonly known as Sears, is an American mid-range chain of International Department stores founded by Richard The East European background of some characters and Asian themes in Brother Justin's story were incorporated into the show. Except for the show's supernatural elements, a historical consultant deemed Carnivàle's historic accuracy to be excellent in regard to the characters' lives and clothes, their food and accommodations, their cars and all the material culture. ^[5][22][23]

Filming locations

Carnivàle's interiors were filmed at Santa Clarita Studios in Santa Clarita, California, while the show's many exterior scenes were filmed on Southern California locations. Santa Clarita is the fourth largest city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Southern California, or So Cal, is defined as the southern portion of the U The fictional California town of Mintern, where the stories about Brother Justin and Iris in Season 1 were based, were shot at Paramount Ranch in Malibu. A movie ranch is a Ranch that is at least partially dedicated to being used as a site for the production of Motion pictures. Malibu is an incorporated city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. The carnival set itself was moved around the greater Southern California area, to movie ranches and to Lancaster, which were to replicate the states of Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico. A movie ranch is a Ranch that is at least partially dedicated to being used as a site for the production of Motion pictures. Lancaster is the eighth-largest city in Los Angeles County and the 9th fastest growing city in the United States Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. The permanent filming location of the carnival in Season 2 was Big Sky Ranch, which was also used for Brother Justin's new home in fictional New Canaan. Big Sky Ranch is a Movie ranch located in Simi Valley, California. ^[7][24][25]

Opening title sequence

Further information: Mythology of Carnivàle: Occult tarot

Carnivàle's opening title sequence was created by A52, a visual effects and design company based in Los Angeles, and featured music composed by Wendy Melvoin and Lisa Coleman. Avatars The term Avatar (also spelled Avatara) originates in Hindu mythology, where it most commonly refers to the Incarnation Visual effects (commonly shortened to Visual F/X or VFX) are the various processes by which imagery is created and/or manipulated outside the context of a Live Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Wendy Melvoin (born January 26, 1964) is an American Guitarist and Singer-songwriter, best known for her work with Prince. Lisa Coleman (born August 17, 1960) is an American musician Coleman plays Piano and Keyboards. ^[26] The opening title sequence won an Emmy for "Outstanding Main Title Design" in 2004. ^[21]

One frame of Carnivàle's opening title sequence

The production team of A52 had intended to "create a title sequence that grounded viewers in the mid-1930s, but that also allowed people to feel a larger presence of good and evil over all of time. In Religion, Ethics, and Philosophy, the phrase good and evil refers to the location of objects desires and Behaviors on a two-way "^[26] A52 then pitched their idea to Carnivàle executives in early 2003, who felt that the company's proposal was the most creative for the series' concept. The actual production included scanned transparencies of famous pieces of artwork, each scanned transparency being up to 300 MB in size. The resulting images were photoshopped and digitally rendered. Photo manipulation is the application of Image editing techniques to Photographs in order to create an Illusion or Deception (in contrast to mere Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model, by means of computer programs A last step involved stock footage clips being compiled and digitally incorporated into the sequence. ^[26]

The opening title sequence itself begins with a deck of Tarot cards falling into the sand, while the camera moves in and enters one card into a separate world presenting layers of artwork and footage from iconic moments of the American Depression era; the camera then moves back out of a different card and repeats the procedure several times. The tarot (also known as tarocchi, tarock or similar names is typically a set of seventy-eight cards comprised of twenty-one trump cards, one The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The sequence ends with the camera shifting from the "Judgement" Tarot card to the "Moon" and the "Sun", identifying the Devil and God respectively, until the wind blows away all cards and the underlying sand to reveal the Carnivàle title artwork. Judgement (XX, or in some decks spelled Judgment, is a Tarot card part of the Major Arcana suit usually comprising of 22 cards The Moon (XVIII is the eighteenth trump or Major Arcana card in most traditional Tarot decks Description A E Waite was a key figure in the development of modern Tarot interpretations The Devil is the God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. ^[26][27]

Music

Carnivàle features instrumental music composed by Jeff Beal, as well as many popular and obscure songs from the 1920s and 1930s, the time when Carnivàle's story takes place. Jeff Beal (born June 20, 1963 in Hayward California) is an American Composer of music for film television recordings and the concert hall The main title was written by Wendy Melvoin and Lisa Coleman, and was released with selected themes by Jeff Beal on a Carnivàle television soundtrack by the record label Varèse Sarabande on December 7, 2004. Wendy Melvoin (born January 26, 1964) is an American Guitarist and Singer-songwriter, best known for her work with Prince. Lisa Coleman (born August 17, 1960) is an American musician Coleman plays Piano and Keyboards. Varèse Sarabande is a Record label which specializes in Film scores and original cast recordings. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Beal released tracks of Season 2 on his personal website. ^[28] A complete list of music credits is available on the official HBO website. ^[29]

Jeff Beal's score is primarily acoustic sounding electronics, but mixes themes of bluegrass as well as atmospheric rhythmic sounds. Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music, and is a sub-genre of Country music. Bigger groups of strings support smaller ensembles of guitars, pianos, violins, cellos, and trumpets. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member The violoncello (abbreviated to cello, or 'cello, plural cellos or celli —the c is tʃ The music sometimes uses ethnic instruments such as banjos, harmonicas, ukuleles, and duduks. The banjo is a Stringed instrument developed by enslaved Africans in the United States, adapted from several African instruments A harmonica is a free reed Wind instrument which is played by blowing air into it or drawing air out by placing lips over individual holes (reed chambers or The ukulele (ˌjʉːkəˈlɛɪli from ʻukulele /ˌʔukuˈlele/ variantly spelled ukelele (particularly in the UK) or alternatively abbreviated uke The duduk (duˈduk is a traditional woodwind instrument of Armenian origins ^[30]

Because HBO does not break individual episodes with commercials, Carnivàle's music is paced similar to a movie, with character-specific leitmotifs from as early as the first episode. A leitmotif (ˌlaɪtmoʊˈtiːf (also leitmotiv; lit "leading motif" is a recurring Musical theme, associated with a particular person place Characters get musically identified by solo instruments chosen for the character's ethnic background or nature. Some characters whose connections would only be disclosed later in the series have intentionally similar themes. ^[31]

Different music is consciously used to represent the two different worlds of the story. Brother Justin's world features music of constructed orchestral sound with religious music and instruments. On the other hand, the score of the carnival side is more deconstructed and mystical, especially when the carnival travels through the dustbowl and remote towns. The Dust Bowl, or the dirty thirties, was a period of severe Dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and For carnival scenes taking places in the cootch (striptease) show or in cities, however, contemporary pop music, blues, folk, and ethnic music is played. A striptease or Exotic dance is a form of erotic entertainment usually a Dance, in which the performer known as a "stripper" gradually undresses Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous ^[30][32] One of the most defining songs of Carnivàle is the 1920s song "Love Me or Leave Me" by Ruth Etting, which is used in several episodes to tie characters in the two worlds thematically. " Love Me or Leave Me " is a US popular Song from the 1920s Ruth Etting ( November 23 1896 – September 24 1978) was an American singing star of the 1930s who had over sixty hit recordings ^[31]

Cast

Main article: Characters of Carnivàle

From left to right – front row: Lodz, Lila, Libby, Caladonia and Alexandria, Apollonia, Sofie, Ben Hawkins, Jonesy, Iris, Brother Justin – back row: Dora Mae, Rita Sue, Stumpy, Ruthie, Gecko, Samson

The plot of Carnivàle takes place in the 1930s Dust Bowl and revolves around the slowly converging storylines of a traveling carnival and a Californian preacher. Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935 The Dust Bowl, or the dirty thirties, was a period of severe Dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Out of the 17 actors receiving star billing in the first season, 15 were part of the carnival storyline. The second season amounted to 13 main cast members, supplemented by several actors in recurring roles. ^[33] Although such large casts make shows more expensive to produce, the writers are benefitted with more flexibility in story decisions. ^[34] The backgrounds of most characters were fully developed before the filming of Carnivàle began but were not part of the show's visible structure. The audience would therefore only learn more about the characters as a natural aspect in the story. ^[4][35]

Season 1's first storyline is led by Nick Stahl portraying the protagonist Ben Hawkins, a young Okie farmer who joins a traveling carnival. Nicolas Kent Stahl (born December 5, 1979 and William Kent Stahl Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935 Okie is a term dating from as early as 1907 denoting a resident or native of Oklahoma. A traveling carnival is an amusement show that may be made up of Amusement rides, food vendors merchandise vendors games of chance and skill thrill acts animal acts Michael J. Anderson played Samson, the diminutive manager of the carnival. Michael J Anderson ( October 31, 1953) is an American Actor known for his role as the Man from another place in David Lynch Tim DeKay portrayed Clayton "Jonesy" Jones, Samson's crippled co-manager. Timothy Robert DeKay (born June 12, 1963) is an American Character actor. Patrick Bauchau acted as the carnival's blind mentalist Lodz, while Debra Christofferson played his lover, Lila the Bearded Lady. Patrick Nicolas Jean Sixte Ghislain Bauchau (born December 6, 1938) is a Belgian Actor. Debra Christofferson is an American actress Filmography (selected Picket Fences as Councilwoman Mary McMurtry (2 episodes 1995-1996 Diane Salinger portrayed the catatonic fortune teller Apollonia, and Clea DuVall acted as her tarot-card-reading daughter, Sofie. Diane Louise Salinger (born 1951 is an American actress and voice actress Clea Helen D'Etienne DuVall (born September 25, 1977) is an American Actress. The tarot (also known as tarocchi, tarock or similar names is typically a set of seventy-eight cards comprised of twenty-one trump cards, one Adrienne Barbeau portrayed the snake charmer Ruthie, with Brian Turk as her son Gabriel, a strongman. Adrienne Jo Barbeau (born June 11 1945 is an American Television, Film, character and Musical theater actress as well as the Brian D Turk is an American actor He is best known for his role as Gabriel in the award-winning HBO television series Carnivàle. John Fleck played Gecko the Lizard Man, and Karyne and Sarah Steben appeared as the conjoined twins Alexandria and Caladonia. John Fleck (born May 7, 1951) is an American Actor and Performance artist. The cootch show Dreifuss family was played by Toby Huss and Cynthia Ettinger as Felix "Stumpy" and Rita Sue, and Carla Gallo as their daughter Libby. A striptease or Exotic dance is a form of erotic entertainment usually a Dance, in which the performer known as a "stripper" gradually undresses Toby Huss (born December 9, 1966) is an American Actor. He was born in Marshalltown, Iowa. Cynthia Ettinger is an American actress From 1990 to 1993 she was married to American singer and television performer Wally Kurth. Carla Gallo (born June 24 1975) is an American actress best known for roles in the Television series Undeclared Amanda Aday portrayed Dora Mae Dreifuss in a recurring role. Amanda Lee Aday (born January 21, 1981) is an American actress John Savage played the mysterious Henry Scudder in several episodes, while Linda Hunt lent her voice to the mysterious Management. Linda Hunt (born April 2, 1945) is an American film stage and television Actress. The second storyline is led by Clancy Brown portraying Carnivàle's antagonist, the Methodist minister Brother Justin Crowe. Clarence J Brown III (born January 5, 1959) is an American Actor. Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935 Amy Madigan played his sister Iris. Amy Madigan (born September 11 1950 is an American Actress who is known for her role as Annie Kinsella in the 1989 film Field of Dreams Robert Knepper supported them as the successful radio host Tommy Dolan later in the first season, while Ralph Waite had a recurring role as Reverend Norman Balthus, Brother Justin's mentor. Robert Lyle Knepper (born July 8, 1959) is an American actor He currently has a starring role as T-Bag in the Fox network's drama Ralph Waite (born June 22, 1929) is an Emmy Award -nominated American Actor. K Callan performed in a recurring role as Eleanor McGill, a parishioner who became devoted to Brother Justin after seeing his power firsthand. K Callan (born January 9, 1942) is an American actress known for playing Clark Kent 's mother Martha in the ABC Television

Several cast changes took place in Season 2, some of them planned from the beginning. ^[36] John Fleck, Karyne Steben and her sister Sarah had made their last appearance in the first season's finale, while Patrick Bauchau's and Diane Salinger's status was reduced to guest-starring. Ralph Waite joined the regular cast. Several new characters were introduced in recurring roles, most notably John Carroll Lynch as the escaped convict Varlyn Stroud and Bree Walker as Sabina the Scorpion Lady. John Carroll Lynch (born August 1, 1963) is an American actor Bree Walker (born 1953 is a well-known television network News anchor (and later a Talk radio host she has appeared as a news anchor and/or reporter in San

Casting

The casting approach for Carnivàle was to cast the best available actors and to show the characters' realness as opposed to depending on freak illusions too much. In the Performing arts, casting (or casting call) is a vital pre-production process for selecting a cast (a meaning of the word recorded since 1631 of Actors Generally considered in contemporary times as a highly inappropriate and dehumanizing term a freak show is an exhibition of rarities "freaks of nature" — such Carnivàle's casting directors John Papsodera and Wendy O'Brien already had experience in casting freaks from previous projects. The producers generally preferred actors who were not strongly identified with other projects, but were willing to make exceptions such as for Adrienne Barbeau as Ruthie. ^[37]

The script for the pilot episode was the basis for the casting procedure, with little indication where the show would go afterwards. This resulted in some preliminary casting disagreements between the creators and producers, especially for leading characters such as Ben, Brother Justin and Sofie. The character of Ben was always intended to be the leading man and hero of the series, yet he was also desired to display a youthful, innocent and anti-hero quality; Nick Stahl had the strongest consensus among the producers. The character of Sofie was originally written as more of an exotic gypsy girl, but Clea DuVall, a movie actor like Stahl, got the part after four auditions. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins Tim DeKay was cast as Jonesy because the producers felt he best portrayed a "very American" looking baseball player of that period. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each One of the only actors who never had any real competition was Michael J. Anderson as Samson, whom Daniel Knauf had wanted as early as the initial meeting. ^[9][37]

Mythology

Main article: Mythology of Carnivàle

Although almost every episode has a distinguished story with a new carnival setting, all episodes are part of an overarching good-versus-evil story that only culminates and resolves very late in Season 2. Avatars The term Avatar (also spelled Avatara) originates in Hindu mythology, where it most commonly refers to the Incarnation The following is an episode list for the American TV show Carnivàle, created by Daniel Knauf. In Religion, Ethics, and Philosophy, the phrase good and evil refers to the location of objects desires and Behaviors on a two-way Many storylines are left ambiguous for long periods, such as the genealogical links between main characters and the significance of real-world mysteries like the Knights Templar. Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935 The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order Since even the good or evil nature of the main characters is shady in the first season,^[38] show creator Daniel Knauf reassured critics that Carnivàle was intended to be a demanding show with a lot of subtext. Daniel Knauf, sometimes credited under the pseudonyms Wilfred Schmidt and Chris Neal, is an American Screenwriter, comic book writer ^[39] The writers had established a groundwork for story arcs and character biographies before filming of the seasons began,^[40] but gave characters free will options that should deflect from their destiny in the story. The question of free will Destiny refers to a predetermined course of events It may be conceived as a predetermined future whether in general or of an individual ^[36]

Cancellation and future

HBO traditionally carries many of its shows through to an end, but stagnant low ratings and increasing production expenses made Carnivàle's future beyond a second season uncertain. Since HBO makes their commitments for only one year at a time, a third season would have meant opening up a new two-season book in Daniel Knauf's six-year plan, including the introduction of new storylines for current and new characters, and further clarification and elaboration on the show's mythology. Daniel Knauf, sometimes credited under the pseudonyms Wilfred Schmidt and Chris Neal, is an American Screenwriter, comic book writer Fans assumed that the show would be renewed, but an internet leak announced in early May 2005 that the series would not be returning for a third season. ^[41] HBO confirmed that the show had been cancelled on May 11, 2005. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[42] HBO's president Chris Albrecht stated that the network would have considered otherwise if the producers had been willing to lower the price of an episode to US$2 million; but the running costs for the sizable cast, the all-on-location shooting and the number of episodes per season were too enormous for them. Chris Albrecht founded Foresee Entertainment, an independent content creation development and distribution company in 2007 The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been ^[43]

The cancellation resulted in several story plot lines being unfinished, and outraged loyal viewers organized petitions and mailing drives to get the show renewed. This generated more than 50,000 emails to the network in a single weekend. ^[43] Show creator Daniel Knauf was unconvinced of the success of such measures, but explained that proposed alternatives like selling Carnivàle to a competing network or spinning off the story were not possible because of HBO owning Carnivàle's plot and characters. At the same time, Knauf was hopeful that, given a strong enough fan base, HBO might reconsider the show's future and allow the continuation of the show in another medium; but because of the amount of unused story material he still had, Knauf did not favor finishing the Carnivàle story with a three-hour movie. ^[12][44]

Knauf would not release a detailed run-down of intended future plots to fans, explaining that his stories are a collaboration of writers, directors and actors alike. ^[45] He and the producers did, however, answer a few basic details about the immediate fate of major characters who were left in near-fatal situations in the final episode of Season 2. Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935 Knauf additionally provided in-depth information regarding the underlying fictional laws of nature that the writers had not been able to fully explore in the first two seasons. Avatars The term Avatar (also spelled Avatara) originates in Hindu mythology, where it most commonly refers to the Incarnation June 2007 however marked the first time that a comprehensive work of detailed character backgrounds was made public. Following a fundraising auction, Knauf offered fans a so-called "Pitch Document," a summary of Carnivàle's first season. This document was originally written in 2002 and 2003 to give the writers and the studio an idea about the series' intended plot, and answered many of the show's mysteries. ^[40]

As of November 2007, no news has been announced about HBO reviving Carnivàle. A February 2006 mediavillage. com article stated that HBO was planning to develop a movie or miniseries that would wrap up loose plot lines for a telecast in 2007, with the aim to resurrect the franchise as an ongoing series in 2008. ^[46] HBO never responded to these claims.

Marketing and merchandise

Pre-broadcast marketing

HBO reportedly invested in Carnivàle's promotion as much as for any of its primetime series launches. But the series' unconventional and complex narrative made the network prescind from its traditional marketing strategies. Teaser trailers were inserted on CD-ROMs into Entertainment Weekly issues to draw attention to the show's visual quality. A teaser trailer, or teaser is a short trailer used to advertise an upcoming movie game or television series CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory " is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to but not writable Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is a Magazine published by Time Inc 30-second TV spots were aired in national syndication, cable and local avails for four weeks before the show's premiere instead of the usual seven days. The historical context of Carnivàle was deliberately emphasized in the show's print art, which depicted the 17-member cast surrounding a carnival truck. This image was accompanied by a tagline of the show's good versus evil theme: "Into each generation is born a creature of light and a creature of darkness. " These measures were hoped to be backed up by positive critical reviews. To give ratings an initial boost, HBO placed the premiere of Carnivàle directly after the series finale of the successful Sex and the City. Sex and the City was an American Cable television program The original run of the show was broadcast on HBO from 1998 until 2004 for a The series continued to receive extensive online advertisement for almost its entire run. ^[47]

Games

Personalized and interactive online Tarot card games were created for Carnivàle's internet presence. The tarot (also known as tarocchi, tarock or similar names is typically a set of seventy-eight cards comprised of twenty-one trump cards, one ^[47] The official HBO website collaborated with RealNetworks to offer FATE: The Carnivàle Game, a downloadable Tarot game made available for trial and for purchase. RealNetworks ( is a provider of Internet media delivery software and services based in Seattle, United States. ^[48][49] The official Movie Network website featured an interactive Ouija online game. Movie Network is an Australian Premium television movie service that consists of four channels Movie One, Movie Two (Movie One delayed by two A ouija board (correctly pronounced "wee-jah" /wiʤə/ although often pronounced "wee-gee" /wiʤi/ and commonly known as a 'Spirit Board') is any flat board ^[50]

DVDs

Further information: List of Carnivàle episodes: DVD releases

Carnivàle: The Complete First Season was released as a widescreen six-disc Region 1 DVD box set in the USA on December 7, 2004,^[51] one month before the premiere of the second season. The following is an episode list for the American TV show Carnivàle, created by Daniel Knauf. A widescreen image is a film computer or television image with a wider and shorter aspect ratio than the standard Academy frame developed during the Classical DVD video discs may be encoded with a region code restricting the area of the world in which they can be played A box set (sometimes referred to as a boxed set) is a compilation of various musical recordings Films Television programs or other collection Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " It was distributed by HBO Home Video and contained three audio commentaries and a behind-the-scenes featurette. In cinema, a making-of is a Behind the scenes Documentary film look of the production of the show The outer slipcover of the Region 1 set was made of a thick cardboard to mimic a bound book. The same set was released with less elaborate packaging in Region 2 on March 7, 2005,^[52] and in Region 4 on May 11, 2005. DVD video discs may be encoded with a region code restricting the area of the world in which they can be played Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. DVD video discs may be encoded with a region code restricting the area of the world in which they can be played Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[53]

Carnivàle: The Complete Second Season was released as a widescreen six-disc Region 1 DVD box set in the USA on July 18, 2006,^[54] in Region 2 on August 7, 2006,^[55] and in Region 4 on October 4, 2006. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[56] Each of these releases was distributed by HBO Home Video and contained three audio commentaries, on-stage interviews of the cast and producers, a featurette about the mythology of the series, and four short "Creating the Scene" segments about the concept, inspiration and execution process. The packaging remained similar to each region's first season set.

Reception

Ratings

Carnivàle aired on HBO on a Sunday 9:00PM timeslot during its two-season run between 2003 and 2005. "Milfay", Carnivàle's pilot episode, drew 5. 3 million viewers for its premiere on September 14, 2003. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. This marked the best ever debut for an HBO original series at the time, caused in part by the established HBO series Sex and the City being Carnivàle's lead-in. Sex and the City was an American Cable television program The original run of the show was broadcast on HBO from 1998 until 2004 for a This record was broken on March 21, 2004 by HBO series Deadwood, which debuted with 5. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Deadwood is an American western &ndash Drama Television series created produced and almost entirely written by David Milch 8 million viewers as the lead-out of The Sopranos. The Sopranos is an American Television drama series created by David Chase. ^[2][57]

Viewership dropped to 3. 49 million viewers for Carnivàle's second episode but remained stable for the remainder of the season. The final episode of season one finished with 3. 5 million viewers on November 30, 2003. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Season one averaged 3. 54 viewers and a household rating of 2. 41. ^[58]

The second season opened with 1. 81 millions viewers on January 9, 2005, down by two thirds of its debut viewership. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[59] The ratings never recovered to their first-season highs, although the season two finale experienced an upswing with 2. 40 million viewers on March 27, 2005. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Season 2 averaged 1. 7 million viewers, not enough to avert an imminent cancellation. ^[60]

Critical reviews

See also: Mythology of Carnivàle: Reception, interpretation and legacy

Many early reviews gave Carnivàle good marks but also stated that its unique characters and story might prevent it from becoming a huge mainstream audience success. Avatars The term Avatar (also spelled Avatara) originates in Hindu mythology, where it most commonly refers to the Incarnation ^[61] Daily Variety TV editor Joseph Adalian predicted that "it will get mostly positive reviews but some people will be put off by the general weirdness of the show. Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman "^[61] Phil Gallo of Variety described Carnivàle as "an absolute visual stunner with compelling freak show characters—but the series unfortunately takes a leisurely approach toward getting to a point,"^[20] whereas James Poniewozik of Time called the first three episodes "frustrating" as well as "spellbinding. Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman Generally considered in contemporary times as a highly inappropriate and dehumanizing term a freak show is an exhibition of rarities "freaks of nature" — such Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and "^[19] Amanda Murray of BBC said "With so little revealed, it's almost impossible to pass judgment on the show—it's hard to tell if this is just good, or going to be great. "^[62]

Later DVD reviews were able to judge the series on the basis of full seasons. While the acting, set design, costuming, art direction and cinematography continued to be praised,^[63][64] some reviewers disfavored the writing, especially of Season 1, as "lack[ing] story momentum"^[64] or as "sometimes gripping but mostly boring. "^[65] Other reviewers pointed out that Carnivàle may "demand more from its audience than many are willing to invest. [. . . ] Without paying close attention, it's tempting to assume that the show is unnecessarily cryptic and misleading. "^[63] Carnivàle's story was surveyed as long and complex, "and if you don't start from the beginning, you'll be completely lost. "^[66] IGN DVD's Matt Casamassina, however, praised the show in two reviews, writing that the "gorgeously surreal" first season "dazzles with unpredictable plot twists and scares"^[67], and that the "extraordinary" second season was "better fantasy – better entertainment, period – than any show that dares to call itself a competitor. IGN (abbreviated and formerly known as I magine G ames N etwork is a multimedia news and reviews Website that focuses heavily on Video "^[68]

A significant portion of reviews drew parallels between Carnivàle and David Lynch's 1990s mystery TV series Twin Peaks,^[61][62][65] a show that Carnivàle actor Michael J. Anderson had previously appeared in. David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer Twin Peaks is a Television Serial drama that follows the investigation of the brutal murder of popular respected Teenager and homecoming queen Michael J Anderson ( October 31, 1953) is an American Actor known for his role as the Man from another place in David Lynch The Man from Another Place (played by Michael J Anderson) is a Fictional character from the television series Twin Peaks, created by Knauf did not deny a stylistic link and also made comparisons to John Steinbeck's novel Grapes of Wrath. John Steinbeck III (February 27 1902—December 20 1968 was one of the best-known and most widely read American writers of the 20th century The Grapes of Wrath is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for ^[6][36] When Lost began to receive major critical attention, Carnivàle and its type of mythological storytelling were compared to Lost's story approach in several instances. Lost is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American serial drama television series. ^[69][70][71]

Years after its cancellation, Carnivàle continues to be in the public consciousness. In 2008, Alessandra Stanley of the Australian newspaper The Age remembers Carnivàle as a "smart, ambitious series that move[s] unusual characters around an unfamiliar setting imaginatively and even with grace, but that never quite quit the surly bonds of serial drama. The Age is a Broadsheet daily Newspaper, which has been published in Melbourne, Australia since 1854 "^[72] A. V. Club dwelled on Carnivàle's cliffhanger ending in a piece on unanswered TV questions and called the show "a fantastically rich series with a frustratingly dense mythology". A cliffhanger or cliffhanger ending is a Plot device in which a movie, Novel, or other work of fiction contains an abrupt ending often leaving ^[73]

Fandom

Actor Michael J. Anderson (Samson) at CarnyCon 2006. Michael J Anderson ( October 31, 1953) is an American Actor known for his role as the Man from another place in David Lynch Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935

Like other cult television shows, Carnivàle gained a respectable following of dedicated viewers. A cult following is a group of fans devoted to a specific area of Pop culture. ^[64][66] Carnivàle fans referred to themselves as "Carnies" or "Rousties" (roustabouts), terms adopted from the show. A roustabout is a labourer typically performing temporary unskilled work ^[74] Carnivàle's complexity and subliminal mythology spawned dedicated fansites, although most discussion took place on independent internet forums. A fansite or fan site (also named fanpage is a Website created and maintained by a fan (s or devotee(s interested in a Celebrity, thing or An, or message board, is a Bulletin board system in the form of a discussion site Show creator Daniel Knauf actively participated in online fandom and offered story- and mythology-related clues. Daniel Knauf, sometimes credited under the pseudonyms Wilfred Schmidt and Chris Neal, is an American Screenwriter, comic book writer He also gave insight into reasons for Carnivàle's cancellation on a messageboard before speaking to the press. ^[17] As of September 2007, he is still in contact with the show's fandom and posts semi-regularly on Carnivàle messageboards. ^[75]

One year after Carnivàle's cancellation, a major Carnivàle convention called CarnyCon 2006 Live! was organized by fans. It took place in Woodland Hills, California on August 21–23, 2006. Woodland Hills is a district in the City of Los Angeles, California, United States. Many of the show's cast and crew attended the event and participated in discussion panels, which were recorded and made available on DVD afterwards. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is ^[74][76]

Awards

See also: List of Carnivàle episodes and Characters of Carnivàle

Despite its short two-season run, Carnivàle received numerous awards and nominations. The following is an episode list for the American TV show Carnivàle, created by Daniel Knauf. Carnivàle is an American television Serial drama set in the United States Depression -era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935 ^[3] The show's inaugural season received nominations for seven Emmy Awards in 2004, winning five including "Outstanding Art Direction For A Single-camera Series" and "Outstanding Costumes For A Series" for the pilot episode "Milfay", "Outstanding Cinematography For A Single-Camera Series" for the episode "Pick A Number", "Outstanding Hairstyling For A Series" for the episode "After the Ball Is Over", and "Outstanding Main Title Design". In 2005, the second season received eight further Emmy nominations without a win. ^[21]

Other awards include but are not limited to:

• Win – Artios Award: "Best Casting for TV, Dramatic Pilot", 2004^[77]
• Win – VES Award: "Outstanding Special Effects in Service to Visual Effects in a Televised Program, Music Video or Commercial", 2004^[78]
• Win – Costume Designers Guild Award: "Excellence in Costume Design for Television – Period/Fantasy", 2005^[77]
• Nominated – two Golden Reel Awards, 2003^[79]
• Nominated – four Golden Satellite Awards, 2004^[77]
• Nominated – two Saturn Awards, 2004^[77]
• Nominated – two VES Awards, 2004^[78]
• Nominated – Costume Designers Guild Award, 2005^[77]

International reception and broadcasters

HBO president Chris Albrecht stated that Carnivàle was "not a big show for foreign [distribution],"^[16] but did not go into more detail. Founded in Los Angeles California in 1982 the Casting Society of America ( CSA) is a Professional society of about 350 Casting directors for The Visual Effects Society (VES is the Entertainment industry 's only organization representing the full breadth of Visual effects practitioners including artists 8th CDG Awards The Satellite Awards are an annual award given by the International Press Academy. The Saturn Award is an award presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction Fantasy & Horror Films to honor the top works in Science fiction, Fantasy The Visual Effects Society (VES is the Entertainment industry 's only organization representing the full breadth of Visual effects practitioners including artists 8th CDG Awards Chris Albrecht founded Foresee Entertainment, an independent content creation development and distribution company in 2007 Reviews however indicate that the show's cryptic mythology and inaccessibility to the casual viewer were major factors. Nevertheless, Carnivàle was sold to several foreign networks and was distributed to HBO channels abroad. The DVD releases of Carnivàle extended the availability of the show further.

Countries or regions and the corresponding channels that broadcasted Carnivàle are:

Lawsuit

On June 9, 2005, a lawsuit was filed in United States district court by Los Angeles writer Jeff Bergquist. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Canvas is a Belgian television channel produced by the Flemish Public broadcasting organization Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep (VRT |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão ( SBT - Brazilian Television System is a Brazilian Television network. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Movie Network (TMN is a Canadian English language Premium television service Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Croatian Radiotelevision (Hrvatska radiotelevizija HRT is a Croatian Public broadcasting company This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Jimmy is an Italian Digital television channel part of the SKY Italia range of channels Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world TG4 ( Spoken as TG Ceathair or TG a Ceathair; tiː dʒiː kʲahəɾʲ is a Television channel in Ireland, aimed The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The VPRO (originally an acronym for Vrijzinnig Protestantse Radio Omroep, or "Liberal Protestant Radio Broadcasting Company" was established in the Netherlands Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional NRK3 is a digital TV channel aimed at youth and young adults and produced by the Norwegian public broadcaster NRK. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. SIC Radical is a Cable television channel in Portugal owned by Sociedade Independente de Comunicação (SIC which also owns SIC Comédia "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. C More Entertainment is a Premium television company operating under the banner CANAL+, that targets the Nordic Countries and with one separate channel The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa M-Net is also the name of a computer bulletin board service operated by Arbornet in Ann Arbor Michigan. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Nelonen is a Finnish commercial TV channel It started out as Helsinki's local television channel PTV in 1989 on the HTV cable network which name was changed Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches CNBC-e is a hybrid Business and Financial / Entertainment channel operated in Turkey by CNBC Europe and the NTV Group. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located FX is a TV channel in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, owned by Fox, launched in 12 January 2004 and originally HBO Asia is a franchise of HBO in Asia HBO Asia is a joint venture of media giants Viacom (25% and Time Warner (75% Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States district courts are the general Trial courts of the United States federal court system. He claimed that the creators of Carnivàle did not originate the idea for the show, but rather stole it from his unpublished novel Beulah, a quirky drama set amid a traveling carnival during the Depression that Bergquist had been working on since the 1980s. Bergquist sought both recognition and punitive damages by arguing that HBO and Carnivàle creator Daniel Knauf violated his copyright on Beulah, but HBO and Knauf denied any claims as having "absolutely no merit. Daniel Knauf, sometimes credited under the pseudonyms Wilfred Schmidt and Chris Neal, is an American Screenwriter, comic book writer "^[80] The case was dismissed with prejudice on February 17, 2006. Within legal civil procedure, prejudice refers to a loss or injury Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[81]

References

External links

• Carnivàle at the Internet Movie Database
• HBO Carnivàle site
• The Movie Network's Carnivàle site
• Save Carnivàle