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Carnegie Hall
(U.S. National Historic Landmark)
Carnegie Hall
Carnegie Hall
Location: Midtown Manhattan, New York City, NY
Built/Founded: 1890
Architect: William Tuthill
Architectural style(s): Italian Renaissance
Designated as NHL: December 29, 1962 [1]
Added to NRHP: October 15, 1966 [2]
NRHP Reference#: 66000535
Governing body: Carnegie Hall Corporation

Carnegie Hall (generally pronounced /ˌkɑrnɨgi ˈhɔːl/)[3] is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the See also Manhattan Midtown Manhattan, or simply Midtown, is an area of Manhattan, New York City home to world-famous commercial The City of New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous William Burnet Tuthill (February 11 1855 - August 25 1929 was an American architect celebrated for designing New York City's Carnegie Hall. The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. See also Manhattan Midtown Manhattan, or simply Midtown, is an area of Manhattan, New York City home to world-famous commercial The City of New York Seventh Avenue / Adam Clayton Powell Jr Boulevard is a thoroughfare on the West Side of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. 57th Street runs east-west in the New York City borough of Manhattan, from a New York City Department of Sanitation dock on the Hudson River

Built by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie in 1891, it is one of the most famous venues in the United States for classical music and popular music, renowned for its beauty, history and acoustics. Philanthropy is the act of donating money goods services time and/or effort to support a socially beneficial cause with a defined objective and with no financial or material Andrew Carnegie (properly kɑrˈneɪgi but commonly /ˈkɑrnɨgi/ or /kɑrˈnɛgi/ (25 November 1835 – 11 August 1919 was a Scottish -born American Industrialist The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Acoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of Sound, Ultrasound and Infrasound (all mechanical waves in gases liquids and solids Carnegie Hall has its own artistic programming, development, and marketing departments, and presents about 100 performances each season. It is also rented out to performing groups. The hall has not had a resident company since the New York Philharmonic moved to Lincoln Center's Philharmonic Hall in 1962. The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active Symphony Orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842 Avery Fisher Hall, located in New York City, is a part of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts complex

Other concert halls that bear Carnegie's name include: 420-seat Carnegie Hall in Lewisburg, West Virginia; 1928-seat Carnegie Music Hall in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on the site of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History and the main branch of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh; 1022-seat Carnegie Music Hall annexed to Pittsburgh suburb Homestead's Carnegie library; and 540-seat Carnegie Hall, in Andrew Carnegie's native Dunfermline, Scotland,

Contents

Performing arts venues

Carnegie Hall contains three distinct, separate concert halls: the Main Hall, the Recital Hall and the Chamber Music Hall. Carnegie Hall Inc is a regional cultural center located in Lewisburg West Virginia, USA. Lewisburg is a city in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. This article is about an organization that operates museums For the foundation which supports scientific research refer to the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh is the Public library system in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Homestead is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA in the "Mon Valley" seven miles (11 km southeast of downtown Pittsburgh For other uses see Carnegie Library (disambiguation, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Free Library and Carnegie Public Library Dunfermline (Scottish Gaelic Dùn Phàrlain is a town and former Royal Burgh in Fife. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

The Main Hall

Carnegie Hall's main auditorium seats 2,804 on five levels. It was named for the violinist Isaac Stern in 1997. Isaac Stern ( July 21, 1920 &ndash September 22, 2001) was an American Violin Virtuoso.

The Main Hall is enormously tall, and visitors to the top balcony must climb 105 steps. All but the top level can be reached by elevator. [4]

Most of the greatest performers of classical music since the time the hall was built have performed in the Main Hall, and its lobbies are adorned with signed portraits and memorabilia. Several popular music legends have given memorable performances at the hall including Judy Garland and Dame Shirley Bassey, both of whom recorded live albums at the hall. Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10 1922 – June 22 1969 was an American actress and singer Dame Shirley Veronica Bassey DBE (born 8 January 1937 Cardiff, Wales) is a Welsh Singer. [5]

The smaller halls

Other facilities

The building also contains the Carnegie Hall Archives, established in 1986, and the Rose Museum, which opened in 1991. Studios above the Hall contain working spaces for artists in the performing and graphic arts including music, drama, dance, as well as architects, playwrights, literary agents, photographers, and painters. In 2007, the Carnegie Hall Corporation announced plans to evict the 33 remaining studio residents (some residing in the building since the 1950's) and use the space for educational facilities. [8]

Architecture

Carnegie Hall Exterior
Carnegie Hall Exterior

Carnegie Hall is one of the last large buildings in New York built entirely of masonry, without a steel frame; however, when several flights of studio spaces were added to the building near the turn of the 20th century, a steel framework was erected around segments of the building. The exterior is rendered in narrow Roman bricks of a mellow ochre hue, with details in terracotta and brownstone. Roman brick is a type of Brick with nominal dimensions of 12" x 4" x 2" (30 cm x 10 cm x 5 cm making it longer and narrower (621 ratio than most Terra cotta ( Italian: "baked earth" is a Ceramic. Its uses include vessels water & waste water pipes and surface embellishment in Building construction Brownstone is a brown Triassic Sandstone which was once a popular Building material. The foyer avoids contemporary Baroque theatrics with a high-minded exercise in the Florentine Renaissance manner of Filippo Brunelleschi's Pazzi Chapel: white plaster and gray stone form a harmonious system of round-headed arched openings and Corinthian pilasters that support an unbroken cornice, with round-headed lunettes above it, under a vaulted ceiling. Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – April 15, 1446) was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. The Pazzi family were Tuscan nobles who were Bankers in Florence in the 14th century A pilaster is a slightly-projecting flattened Column built into or applied to the face of a wall The term cornice comes from Italian cornice, meaning “ledge In architecture a lunette (French lunette "little moon" and also "glasses" is a half-moon shaped space either masonry or void The famous white and gold interior is similarly restrained.

History

Carnegie Hall is named after Andrew Carnegie, who paid for its construction. Andrew Carnegie (properly kɑrˈneɪgi but commonly /ˈkɑrnɨgi/ or /kɑrˈnɛgi/ (25 November 1835 – 11 August 1919 was a Scottish -born American Industrialist It was intended as a venue for the Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Symphony Society, on whose boards Carnegie served. The Oratorio Society of New York is a Non-profit membership organization which performs choral music in the Oratorio style The New York Symphony Society was an Orchestra founded in New York City by Leopold Damrosch in 1878 Construction began in 1890, and was carried out by Isaac A. Hopper and Company. Although the building was in use from April 1891, the official opening night was on May 5, with a concert conducted by maestro Walter Damrosch and composer Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Originally known simply as "Music Hall" (the words "Music Hall founded by Andrew Carnegie" still appear on the façade above the marquee), the hall was renamed Carnegie Hall in 1893 after board members of the Music Hall Company of New York (the hall's original governing body) persuaded Carnegie to allow the use of his name. Several alterations were made to the building between 1893 and 1896, including the addition of two towers of artists' studios, and alterations to the auditorium on the building's lower level.

The hall was owned by the Carnegie family until 1925, when Carnegie's widow sold it to a real estate developer, Robert E. Simon. When Simon died in 1935, his son, Robert E. Simon Jr. took over. By the mid-1950s, changes in the music business prompted Simon to offer Carnegie Hall for sale to the New York Philharmonic, which booked a majority of the hall's concert dates each year. The orchestra declined, since they planned to move to Lincoln Center, then in the early stages of planning. At the time, it was widely believed that New York City could not support two major concert venues. Facing the loss of the hall's primary tenant, Simon was forced to offer the building for sale. A deal with a commercial developer fell through, and by 1960, with the New York Philharmonic on the move to Lincoln Center, the building was slated for demolition to make way for a commercial skyscraper. The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active Symphony Orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842 Under pressure from a group led by violinist Isaac Stern and many of the artist residents, special legislation was passed that allowed the city of New York to buy the site from Simon for $5 million, and in May of 1960 the nonprofit Carnegie Hall Corporation was created to run the venue. Isaac Stern ( July 21, 1920 &ndash September 22, 2001) was an American Violin Virtuoso. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962. A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the [1],[9],[10]

Renovations and additions

The building was extensively renovated in 1983 and 2003, by James Polshek, who became better known through his post-modern planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History. James Stewart Polshek (born 1930 Akron Ohio) is an American Architect based in New York City. A planetarium is a Theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about Astronomy and the night sky or for training in Celestial navigation The American Museum of Natural History ( AMNH) located on the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, USA is one of the largest and most Polshek and his firm, Polshek Partnership, were involved since 1978 in four phases of the Hall's renovation and expansion including the creation of a Master Plan in 1980; the actual renovation of the main hall, the Stern Auditorium, and the creation of the Weill Recital Hall and Kaplan Rehearsal Space, all in 1987; the creation of the Rose Museum, East Room and Club Room (later renamed Rohatyn Room and Shorin Club Room, respectively), all in 1991; and, most recently, the creation of Zankel Hall in 2003. Polshek Partnership LLP is a New York City -based Architectural firm founded in 1963 by James Polshek. [6][7]

The renovation was not without controversy. Following completion of work on the main auditorium in 1986, there were complaints that the famous acoustics of the hall had been diminished. [11] Although officials involved in the renovation denied that there was any change, complaints persisted for the next nine years. In 1995, the cause of the problem was discovered to be a slab of concrete under the stage. The slab was subsequently removed. [12]

In 1987-1989, a 60-floor office tower, named Carnegie Hall Tower, was completed next to the hall on the same block. New backstage space and banquet spaces, contained within the tower, connect with the main Carnegie Hall building.

In June of 2003, tentative plans were made for the Philharmonic to return to Carnegie Hall beginning in 2006, and for the orchestra to merge its business operations with those of the venue. However, these plans were called off later in 2003.

Management

The Executive and Artistic Director of Carnegie Hall (from July 2005) is Sir Clive Gillinson, formerly managing director of the London Symphony Orchestra. Sir Clive Gillinson (born 7 March 1946, Bangalore India is a British musician and music manager The London Symphony Orchestra ( LSO) is one of the major orchestras of the United Kingdom.

The Carnegie Hall Archives

Unexpectedly, for most concert-goers, it emerged in 1986 that Carnegie Hall had never consistently maintained an archive. Without a central repository, a significant portion of Carnegie Hall's documented history had been dispersed. In preparation for the celebration of Carnegie Hall's centennial (1991), the Carnegie Hall Archives was established.

World premieres at Carnegie Hall

Location and folklore

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ a b Carnegie Hall. New York City is home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites many of which are internationally known A concert hall is a cultural building which serves as performance venue chiefly for classical instrumental music Judy at Carnegie Hall is a legendary two-record live recording of a concert by Judy Garland at Carnegie Hall in New York. Chicago at Carnegie Hall is the first live Album by American band Chicago and was initially released in 1971 as a four LP vinyl A gramophone A box set (sometimes referred to as a boxed set) is a compilation of various musical recordings Films Television programs or other collection Chicago is a Rock band formed in 1967 in Chicago Illinois. The band began as a politically charged sometimes experimental rock band and later moved to a predominately National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service (2007-09-09). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
  2. ^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2007-01-23). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
  3. ^ Although Andrew Carnegie pronounced his name with the stress on the second syllable, the building is generally pronounced with the stress on the first syllable.
  4. ^ Bronx General Interest: General Interest in Bronx, New York
  5. ^ Bronx General Interest: General Interest in Bronx, New York
  6. ^ a b Dunlap, David W. (2000-01-30), “Carnegie Hall Grows the Only Way It Can; Burrowing Into Bedrock, Crews Carve Out a New Auditorium”, New York Times, <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903E0D91E3CF933A05752C0A9669C8B63> 
  7. ^ a b Muschamp, Herbert T. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain (2003-09-12), “ARCHITECTURE REVIEW; Zankel Hall, Carnegie's Buried Treasure”, New York Times, <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D00EED9133BF931A2575AC0A9659C8B63> 
  8. ^ Great Rooms - The Remaining Tenants of the Carnegie Hall Studio Towers - New York Magazine
  9. ^ ["Carnegie Hall", by Richard Greenwood.PDF (296 KiB) National Register of Historic Places Inventory]. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International National Park Service (1975-05-30). Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
  10. ^ ["Carnegie Hall--Accompanying Photos".PDF (686 KiB) National Register of Historic Places Inventory]. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International National Park Service (1975-05-30). Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
  11. ^ Michael Walsh, "Sounds in the night". Time, 16 February 1987. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar)
  12. ^ Kozinn, Alan. "A Phantom Exposed: Concrete at Carnegie", The New York Times, 1995-09-14. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king  
  13. ^ Parker, John (ed), Who's Who in the Theatre, 10th revised edition, London, 1947: 1429

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