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Carlo Maria Cardinal Martini, SJ
Church positions
See Milan (Emeritus)
Title Archbishop Emeritus of Milan
Period in office December 29, 1979 — July 11, 2002
Successor Dionigi Cardinal Tettamanzi
Previous post Professor
Created cardinal February 2, 1983
Personal
Date of birth February 15, 1927 (1927-02-15) (age 81)
Place of birth Turin, Italy
Styles of
Carlo Cardinal Martini
Reference style His Eminence
Spoken style Your Eminence
Informal style Cardinal
See Milan (Emeritus)


Carlo Maria Cardinal Martini, SJ (born February 15, 1927) is a Latin Rite Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. Emeritus (ɨˈmɛrɨtəs is an Adjective that is used in the title of a retired Professor, Bishop or other professional Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Dionigi Tettamanzi (born 14 March 1934) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the His Eminence is a historical style of reference for high nobility still in use in various religious contexts Emeritus (ɨˈmɛrɨtəs is an Adjective that is used in the title of a retired Professor, Bishop or other professional A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Latin Rite is one of the 23 Sui iuris Particular Churches within the Catholic Church. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging A prelate is a high-ranking member of the Clergy who either is an Ordinary or ranks in precedence with ordinaries He was Archbishop of Milan from 1980 to 2002, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church.

Contents

Early life and education

Carlo Maria Martini was born in Turin, Piedmont, to Leonardo an engineer and Olga (née Maggia) Martini, and was baptized on the following February 22. Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne He was educated at istituto sociale a school run by Jesuit in Turin. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order He entered the Society of Jesus on September 25, 1944, and was ordained to the priesthood by Maurilio Cardinal Fossati on July 13, 1952. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In a general sense the term Holy Orders refers to those in the Christian religion who have been ordained in Apostolic Succession. The ministerial orders of the Catholic Church includes both the orders of bishops and presbyters, which in Latin is sacerdos. The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Turin is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Martini completed his studies in philosophy at the Jesuits House of Studies in Gallarate, in the province of Milan, and theology at the faculty of theology in Chieri. In 1958, Dr Martini was awarded his Doctorate in Fundamental Theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University, with a thesis exploring the problems of the Resurrection accounts. Doctor of Theology (in Latin Theologiae Doctor, abbreviated Th Pontifical Gregorian University (Pontificia Università Gregoriana (also known as the Gregorianum) is a Pontifical university located in Rome, Italy After some years of teaching at the faculty of Chieri he returned to Rome and earned another doctorate in Scripture at the Pontifical Biblical Institute, also summa cum laude, with a thesis on a group of codici of the Gospel of St. Luke. A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement The Pontifical Biblical Institute ( it: Pontificio Istituto Biblico) in Rome, Italy is an institution of the Holy See run by the Jesuits Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of academic distinction with which an Academic degree was earned The Gospel of Luke (Gk Κατά Λουκάν Ευαγγέλιον) is a synoptic Gospel, and is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the

Dr Martini remains a respected exegetical and theological scholar who has written more than 40 books, and is reputed to speak 11 languages.

Career

After completing his studies Cardinal Martini quickly pursued a successful academic career. In 1962, he was given the Chair of Textual Criticism at the Pontifical Biblical Institute, a specialist Institute of the Gregorian and became its rector in 1969. The Pontifical Biblical Institute ( it: Pontificio Istituto Biblico) in Rome, Italy is an institution of the Holy See run by the Jesuits The word rector ("ruler" from the Latin regere and Rector meaning "Teacher" In Latin has a number of different meanings but all of them indicate an academic In 1978, under Pope Paul VI he was elected the Pontifical Gregorian University's rector magnificus, serving in this post from 1969 to 1978, after which he was nominated chancellor of the Pontifical Gregorian University. Pope Pontifical Gregorian University (Pontificia Università Gregoriana (also known as the Gregorianum) is a Pontifical university located in Rome, Italy Throughout these years he edited a number of scholarly works. Cardinal Martini also became active in the scientific field by publishing various books and articles. Furthermore the Cardinal received the distinuguished honour of being the only Catholic member of the ecumenical committee that prepared the new Greek edition of the New Testament. Martini is also very much remembered for his books on spiritual exercises which have added a renewed style to the original Ignatian model.

On December 29, 1979, Pope John Paul II appointed Martini Archbishop of Milan, receiving his episcopal consecration from the Pope himself the following January 6, with Archbishop Eduardo Martínez Somalo and Bishop Ferdinando Maggioni serving as co-consecrators. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Pope In the Catholic Church, a Bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the priesthood. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Eduardo Martínez Somalo (born March 31, 1927) is a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Consecrator is a term used in the Roman Catholic Church to designate a bishop who ordains a priest to the episcopal state Thus his first diocesan appointment was to one of the largest and most prominent sees. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. Upon elevation as a Cardinal Priest in the consistory of February 2, 1983, he was assigned the title of S. Cecilia. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Antiquity Originally the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together' just as the Greek syn(hedrion (of which the Biblical Sanhedrin Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Santa Cecilia in Trastevere is a 5th century church of Rome, located in the Trastevere rione and devoted to Saint Cecilia

Cardinal Martini served as Relator of the 6th General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops in 1983. Later serving as president of the European Bishops' Conference between 1987 and 1993.

Martini was admitted as Member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in November 2000, and renowned internationally. In 1996 Martini was presented with an honorary doctorate from the Russian Academy of Sciences. Furthermore, in Spain in October 2003 he was awarded the Prince of Asturias 2000 of Social Sciences, later in December of 200 being awarded Europa dell’anno 2000.

In 2002 he reached the Church's mandatory retirement age of 75 and was succeeded in Milan by Dionigi Cardinal Tettamanzi. Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely Dionigi Tettamanzi (born 14 March 1934) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. At the time of the 2005 conclave, he was 78 years old and hence eligible to vote for the new pope (being under 80). Papal election process for 2005 See also Papal election Presiding over the conclave was the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and For years many progressive Catholics harboured hopes that he might himself might eventually ascend the papacy. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and However, when John Paul II died, most commentators believed that his election was unlikely, given his liberal reputation and the fact of his suffering from Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease (also known as Parkinson disease or PD) is a degenerative disorder of the Central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's Nevertheless, according to La Stampa (an Italian newspaper), he obtained more votes than Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger during the first round of the election, 40 vs. La Stampa (literally “The Press” is one of the best-known and most widely sold Italian daily Newspapers Published in Turin, it is distributed Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger 38. Conversely, an anonymous cardinal diary stated that he never mustered more than a dozen or so votes, in contrast to another Jesuit cardinal, Jorge Cardinal Bergoglio of Buenos Aires, and quickly withdrew his candidacy. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Jorge Mario Bergoglio, SJ (born December 17, 1936) is an Argentine Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern [1]. Martini lost his right to vote in future conclaves upon turning age 80 on February 15, 2007. A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the Pope (or Bishop of Rome) who is considered by Catholics to be the Successor Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

After his retirement Martini moved to the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Jerusalem to continue his work as a biblical scholar. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the

Religious viewpoints

Often considered to be one of the more liberal members of the College of Cardinals, and prelates in general, he has achieved widespread notice for his wide-ranging and open-minded writings, earning him popularity in some circles, criticism in others. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal The College of Cardinals (verbose Sacred College of the Holy Roman Church, Sancta Romana Ecclesia, S On occasion Martini's viewpoints have proven to be somewhat controversial, thus bringing him comparatively large amounts of media coverage.

In April 2006, in response to a very specific question from the bioethicist Ignazio Marino, director of the transplant center of the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia, Martini opined that in certain cases, the usage of condoms might be allowable stating, "The use of condoms can, in certain situations, be a lesser evil". Thomas Jefferson University is a private health sciences university located in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States. A condom is a device most commonly used during Sexual intercourse. [2] He stressed the particular case of married couples where one has HIV or AIDS. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [3] But he quickly noted that it's one thing the principle of the lesser evil in such cases, and quite another the subject who has to convey those things publicly, thus it is not up to the Church authorities to support condom use publicly, because of "the risk of promoting an irresponsible attitude". The Church is more likely to support other morally sustainable means, such as abstinence. Abstinence is a voluntary restraint from indulging a desire or appetite for certain bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure [4] On another occasion the Cardinal also stated that "I believe the Church's teaching has not been expressed so well. . . I am confident we will find some formula to state things better, so that the problem is better understood and more adapted to reality," earning him a reputation for having a more liberal stance toward contraception. [5] The Cardinal's position on the start of a distinct human life during the fetilization of oocytes was rebuked by certain Vatican officials. An oocyte, ovocyte, or rarely ocyte, is a female Gametocyte or Germ cell involved in reproduction. [6] Some of Martini's other positions may have frustrated Church leaders, but official response from the Roman Curia was limited. The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope

Cardinal Martini, speaking about the right to die debate said that "terminally ill patients should be given the right to refuse treatments and that the doctors who assist them should be protected by law. For the 1987 film see Right to Die (film The term " right to die " refers to various issues related to the decision of whether an "[7]

He has also called for greater collegiality in the governance of the Church and for the possibility of female deacons to be examined. Collegiality is the relationship between colleagues Definition of collegiality Colleagues are those explicitly united in a common Purpose and respecting In general religious use Ordination is the process by which a person is consecrated (set apart for the administration of various religious rites [8]

In March 2007 he openly criticised the attitude of the Church authorities, whilst speaking at the basilica of the Nativity to a congregation of over 1,300 visitors, he remarked that "The Church does not give orders. " Martini also stated that "It is necessary to listen to others, and when speaking to use terms that they understand. " These remarks came days after Pope Benedict XVI published the 140 page 'Apostolic Exhortation. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger ' Some interpreted this document as being an attempt to influence Catholic politicians, particularly at a time when Italian government was trying to pass legislation offering legal recognition of same sex unions. [9]

Cardinal Martini has been critical of the style in which the Church is organized, seeing it as being far too centralized. Throughout his career Martini has established a reputation that demonstrates a desire to maintain an open dialogue about contraception, human sexuality and women's role in the church, among other contentious issues, many consider that Martini may yearn for another Vatican council. Furthermore, he has also called for the church to take a greater role in combating social injustice, often calling for greater action to be taking in assisting the immigrants, minorities and the combating of racism. Martini wishes for the church to rekindle the "burning fire in the heart. "

Martini is also a stringent supporter of Catholic school and many times he spoke in favour of state contribution to Catholic school. He also said that one hour a week of teaching of Catholic religion in the Italian high school is not enough and the time dedicated to religious teaching in the school has to be increased.

References

  1. ^ Catholic News Service. Article based on diary says German cardinal became pope with 84 votes September 23, 2005
  2. ^ Time Magazine, May 1, 2006. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  3. ^ BBC. Cardinal backs limited condom use April 21, 2006
  4. ^ L'Espresso. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. When Does Life Begin? Cardinal Martini Replies May 20, 2006
  5. ^ BBC. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Profile: Cardinal Carlo Martini April 19, 2005
  6. ^ L'Espresso. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Carlo Maria Martini’s “Day After” May 20, 2006
  7. ^ National Catholic Reporter. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The schism that hasn't been between Ratzinger and Martini February 20, 2007
  8. ^ Catholic World News. Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Cardinal Martini repeats call for decentralized Church government April 7, 2004
  9. ^ PinkNews. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Cardinal says Pope should stop giving orders March 16, 2007

External links

See also

Preceded by
Giovanni Cardinal Colombo		 Archbishop of Milan
1979 - 2002		 Succeeded by
Dionigi Cardinal Tettamanzi
Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. La Salette is a small mountaintop village near Grenoble, France. Giovanni Colombo ( December 6, 1902 &mdash May 20, 1992) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Dionigi Tettamanzi (born 14 March 1934) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
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