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Carl Orff
Carl Orff

Carl Orff (July 10, 1895(1895-07-10) – March 29, 1982) was a 20th-century German composer, most famous for Carmina Burana (1937). Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Carmina Burana is a scenic Cantata composed by Carl Orff between 1935 and 1936 Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was also successful and influential in the field of music education. Music education is a field of study associated with the teaching and learning of music

Contents

Life

Orff was born in Munich on July the 10th 1895 and came from a Bavarian family that was very active in the German military. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The Kingdom of Bavaria (Königreich Bayern was a German state that existed from 1806&ndash1918 His father's regimental band supposedly had often played the compositions of young Orff.

Moser's Musik-Lexikon states that Orff studied at the Munich Academy of Music until 1914. He then served in the military during World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Afterwards, he held various positions at opera houses in Mannheim and Darmstadt, later to return to Munich to pursue further his music studies. Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland

As of 1925, and for the rest of his life, Orff was the head of a department and co-founder of the Guenther School for gymnastics, music, and dance in Munich, where he worked with musical beginners. Having constant contact with children, this is where he developed his theories in music education.

Carl Orff burial location in Andechs
Carl Orff burial location in Andechs

Orff's association with the Nazi party has been alleged, but never conclusively established. His Carmina Burana was hugely popular in Nazi Germany after its premiere in Frankfurt in 1937, receiving numerous performances. But the composition with its unfamiliar rhythms was also denounced with racist taunts. He was one of the few German composers under the Nazi regime who responded to the official call to write new music for A Midsummer Night's Dream after the music of Felix Mendelssohn had been banned — others refused to cooperate in this. A Midsummer Night's Dream is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, suggested by " The Knight's Tale " from Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and generally known as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3 1809 &ndash November 4 1847 was a German Composer But Orff had already composed music for this play as early as 1917 and 1927, long before this was a favour for the Nazi government.

Orff was a personal friend of Kurt Huber, one of the founders of the resistance movement Die Weiße Rose (the White Rose), who was condemned to death by the Volksgerichtshof and executed by the Nazis in 1943. Kurt Huber ( October 24, 1893 &ndash July 13, 1943) was a member of the White Rose group which carried out resistance against Also see Die weiße Rose (opera and Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage The White Rose (die Weiße Rose was a non-violent The People's Court (Volksgerichtshof was a court established in 1934 by German Dictator Adolf Hitler, who had been dissatisfied with the outcome of the Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After World War II, Orff claimed that he was a member of the group, and was himself involved in the resistance, but there was no evidence for this other than his own word, and other sources dispute his claim. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Canadian historian Michael H. Kater made in earlier writings a particularly strong case that Orff collaborated with Nazi authorities [1], but in his most recent publication "Composers of the Nazi Era: Eight Portraits" (2000) Kater has taken back his earlier accusations to some extent. Orff's assertion that he had been anti-Nazi during the war was accepted by the American de-nazification authorities, who changed his previous category of "gray unacceptable" to "gray acceptable", enabling him to continue to compose for public presentation. Denazification (Entnazifizierung was an Allied initiative to rid German and Austrian society culture press economy judiciary and politics of any

Orff died at the age of 86 and is buried in the Baroque church of the beer-brewing Benedictine priory of Andechs, south of Munich. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Benedictine refers to the Spirituality and Consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in The Benedictine abbey of Andechs is a former place of Pilgrimage on a hill east of the Ammersee in the ''Landkreis'' of Starnberg ( Oberbayern Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. His tombstone bears his name, his dates of birth and death, and the Latin inscription "Summus Finis" ("The ultimate goal"). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Musical work

O Fortuna

From Carmina Burana by Carl Orff
Problems listening to the file? See media help. Carmina Burana is a scenic Cantata composed by Carl Orff between 1935 and 1936

Orff is most known for Carmina Burana (1937), a "scenic cantata". Carmina Burana is a scenic Cantata composed by Carl Orff between 1935 and 1936 Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A cantata (derived from the Italian word 'cantare' meaning 'to sing' is a vocal composition with an instrumental Accompaniment and often It is the first of a trilogy that also includes Catulli Carmina and Trionfo di Afrodite. A trilogy is a set of three works of art usually Literature, Film, or Video games, that are connected and can be seen either as a single work or three Catulli Carmina ( Ludi Scaenici) is a Cantata by Carl Orff dating from 1930-1933 Trionfo di Afrodite is a musical piece written by the German Composer Carl Orff. Carmina Burana reflected his interest in medieval German poetry. Carmina Burana is a scenic Cantata composed by Carl Orff between 1935 and 1936 Medieval German literature refers to Literature written in Germany stretching from the Carolingian dynasty; various dates have been given for the end of the Together the trilogy is called Trionfi, or "triumphs". Trionfi is the Trilogy of Cantatas by German Composer Carl Orff: Carmina Burana The composer described it as the celebration of the triumph of the human spirit through sexual and holistic balance. The work was based on thirteenth-century poetry found in a manuscript dubbed the Codex latinus monacensis found in a Bavarian monastery in 1803 and written by the Goliards; this collection is also known as Carmina Burana. The Goliards were a group of Clergy who wrote bibulous satirical Latin Poetry in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Carmina Burana (ˈkarmɪna buˈraːna also known as the Burana Codex, is a Manuscript collection found in 1803 in the Bavarian monastery of While "modern" in some of his compositional techniques, Orff was able to capture the spirit of the medieval period in this trilogy, with infectious rhythms and easy tonalities. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of Tonality is a system of Music in which specific hierarchical pitch relationships are based on a key "center" or tonic. The medieval poems, written in an early form of German and Latin, are often racy, but without descending into smut. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

With the success of Carmina Burana, Orff disowned all of his previous works except for Catulli Carmina and the Entrata, which were rewritten until acceptable by Orff. As an historical aside, Carmina Burana is probably the most famous piece of music composed and premiered in Nazi Germany. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Carmina Burana was in fact so popular that Orff received a commission in Frankfurt to compose music for A Midsummer Night's Dream, which was supposed to replace the banned music by Mendelssohn. A Midsummer Night's Dream is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, suggested by " The Knight's Tale " from Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and generally known as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3 1809 &ndash November 4 1847 was a German Composer After the war, he claimed not to be satisfied with the music and reworked it into the final version that was first performed in 1964. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar.

Orff was reluctant to term any of his works simply operas in the traditional sense. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto His works Der Mond ("The Moon") (1939) and Die Kluge ("The Wise Woman") (1943), for example, he referred to as "Märchenoper" ("fairytale operas"). Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Die Kluge is an opera written by Carl Orff. It premiered in Frankfurt, Germany on 20 February 1943. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Both compositions feature the same "timeless" sound in that they do not employ any of the musical techniques of the period in which they were composed, with the intent that they be difficult to define as belonging to a particular era. Their melodies, rhythms and, with them, text appear in a union of words and music.

About his Antigone (1949), Orff said specifically that it was not an opera, rather a Vertonung, a "musical setting" of the ancient tragedy. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The text is an excellent German translation, by Friedrich Hölderlin, of the Sophocles play of the same name. Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (ˈjoːhan ˈkrɪstiaːn ˈfriːdrɪç 'hœldərliːn in German March 20, 1770 &ndash June 6, 1843 Sophocles (ˈsɒfəkliːz Ancient Greek, sopʰoklɛ̂ːs circa The orchestration relies heavily on the percussion section, and is otherwise fairly simple. Orchestration is the study or practice of writing Music for Orchestra (or more loosely for any Musical ensemble) or of adapting for orchestra music composed It has been labelled by some as minimalistic, which is most adequate in terms of the melodic line. Minimalist music is an originally American genre of experimental or Downtown music named in the 1960s based mostly in consonant harmony, steady The story of Antigone has a haunting similarity to the history of Sophie Scholl, heroine of the White Rose, and Orff may have been memorializing her in his opera. Sophia Magdalena Scholl ( 9 May 1921 - 22 February 1943) was a member of the White Rose Non-violent resistance Also see Die weiße Rose (opera and Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage The White Rose (die Weiße Rose was a non-violent

Orff's last work, De Temporum Fine Comoedia ("A Play of the End of Time"), had its premiere at the Salzburg music festival on August 20, 1973, performed by Herbert von Karajan and the Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra and Chorus. De Temporum Fine Comoedia, literally Play of the End of Time, is an Opera or Musical play by 20th Century German composer The Salzburg Festival (Salzburger Festspiele is a prominent festival of Music and Drama. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Herbert von Karajan ( April 5 In this highly personal work, Orff presented a mystery play, in which he summarized his view on the end of time, sung in Greek, German, and Latin. Mystery plays and Miracle plays are among the earliest formally developed plays in Medieval Europe.

Musica Poetica, which Orff composed with Gunild Keetman, was used as the theme music for Terrence Malick's 1973 film Badlands. Gunild Keetman (1904-1990 was the primary originator along with Carl Orff, of the approach to teaching music known as Orff Schulwerk. Terrence "Terry" Malick (born November 30, 1943, Ottawa, Illinois) is an Academy Award nominated American Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Badlands is a 1973 film directed by Terrence Malick from his own script starring Martin Sheen and Sissy Spacek. Hans Zimmer later reworked this music for his 1993 True Romance score. Hans Florian Zimmer (born September 12, 1957 in Frankfurt/Main, Germany) is an Academy Award, Grammy, and Golden Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) True Romance is a 1993 American romantic Crime film directed by Tony Scott and written by Quentin Tarantino

Inventory

Pedagogical work

In pedagogical circles he is probably best remembered for his Schulwerk (1930-35), translated into English as Music for Children. Music Education The Orff Schulwerk Orff-Schulwerk in German or simply the Orff Approach, is a developmental approach to Music Education for children Pedagogy (ˈpɛdəgɒdʒi or paedagogy is the Art or Science of being a Teacher. Music Education The Orff Schulwerk Orff-Schulwerk in German or simply the Orff Approach, is a developmental approach to Music Education for children Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Its simple musical instrumentation allowed even untutored child musicians to perform the piece with relative ease. Much of his life Orff worked with children, using music as an educational tool — both melody and rhythm are often determined by the words. In Music, a melody (from Greek μελῳδία - melōidía, "singing chanting" also tune, voice, or Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of

Orff's ideas were developed, together with Gunild Keetman, into a very innovative approach to music education for children, known as the Orff Schulwerk. Gunild Keetman (1904-1990 was the primary originator along with Carl Orff, of the approach to teaching music known as Orff Schulwerk. Music Education The Orff Schulwerk Orff-Schulwerk in German or simply the Orff Approach, is a developmental approach to Music Education for children The term Schulwerk is German for "school work". The music is elemental and combines movement, singing, playing and improvisation.

References

  1. ^ cf. http://www.h-net.org/~german/articles/dennis1.html for a review of an article by Kater

Further reading

External links

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