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Carl Maria von Weber
Carl Maria von Weber

Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber (Eutin, Holstein, November 18, 1786June 5, 1826 in London) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school. Eutin (ɔʏˈtiːn is the district capital of Eastern Holstein (German Ostholstein) located in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures A pianist (/'piənɪst/ is a Musician who plays the Piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces play with an ensemble or Orchestra A guitarist is a Musician who plays the Guitar. Guitarists may perform solo pieces or play with ensembles and bands of a wide variety of genres The word critic comes from the Greek el κριτικός ( el-Latn kritikós) "able to discern" which in turn derives from the word Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the

Weber's works, especially his operas Der Freischütz, Euryanthe and Oberon greatly influenced the development of the Romantic opera in Germany. Der Freischütz is an Opera in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber to a Libretto by Friedrich Kind. Euryanthe is a German Romantic Opera by Carl Maria von Weber, first performed at the Theater am Kärntnertor, Vienna Oberon or The Elf King's Oath is a romantic Opera in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber to an English Libretto by James Robinson Planche, after He was also an innovative composer of instrumental music. His compositions for the clarinet, which include two concertos, a concertino, a quintet and a duo concertante, are regularly performed, while his piano music - including four sonatas, two concertos and the Konzertstück (Concert Piece) in F minor - influenced composers such as Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt and Felix Mendelssohn. The clarinet is a Musical instrument in the Woodwind family The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers A concertino (or Konzertstück) is a short Concerto freer in form Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and generally known as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3 1809 &ndash November 4 1847 was a German Composer The Konzertstück provided a new model for the one-movement concerto in several contrasting sections (such as Liszt's, who often played the work), and was acknowledged by Igor Stravinsky as the model for his Capriccio for piano and orchestra. Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to

Weber's contribution to vocal and choral music is also significant. His body of Catholic religious music was highly popular in 19th century Germany, and he composed one of the earliest song-cycles, Die Temperamente beim Verluste der Geliebten. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete".

Weber's orchestration has also been highly praised and emulated by later generations of composers - Hector Berlioz referred to him several times in his Treatise on Instrumentation while Claude Debussy remarked that the sound of the Weber orchestra was obtained through the scrutiny of the soul of each instrument. Grand Traité d’Instrumentation et d’Orchestration Modernes, abbreviated in English as the Treatise on Instrumentation (sometimes Treatise on Orchestration Achille-Claude Debussy (aʃil klod dəbysi (August 22 1862 &ndash March 25 1918 was a French Composer.

His operas influenced the work of later opera composers, especially in Germany, such as Heinrich Marschner, Giacomo Meyerbeer and Richard Wagner, as well as several nationalist 19th-century composers such as Glinka, and homage has been paid him by 20th century composers such as Debussy, Stravinsky, Gustav Mahler (who completed Weber's unfinished comic opera Die drei Pintos and made revisions of Euryanthe and Oberon) and Paul Hindemith (composer of the popular Symphonic Metamorphoses on Themes of Weber). Heinrich Marschner ( Zittau, 16 August, 1795 - Hanover, 16 December, 1861) was a German composer of 23 Operas Giacomo Meyerbeer ( September 5, 1791 &ndash May 2, 1864) was a noted German -born Opera Composer, and Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Михаи́л Ива́нович Гли́нка ( –) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition inside his own country Die drei Pintos ( The Three Pintos) is a comic Opera of which Carl Maria von Weber began composing the music working on a Libretto Paul Hindemith (16 November 1895 &ndash 28 December 1963 was a German Composer, Violist, violinist teacher music theorist and conductor. The orchestral work Symphonic Metamorphosis on Themes of Weber was composed by Paul Hindemith in 1943.

Weber also wrote music journalism and was interested in folksong, and learned lithography to engrave his own works. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Lithography is a method for Printing using a plate or stone with a completely smooth surface

Contents

Early life

Weber was the eldest of the three children of Franz Anton von Weber (who seems to have had no real claim to a "von" denoting nobility), and his second wife, Genovefa Brenner, an actress. Franz Anton started his career as a military officer in the service of the Duchy of Holstein; later he held a number of musical directorships; and in 1787 he went on to Hamburg, where he founded a theatrical company. Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Weber's cousin Constanze was the wife of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Constanze Mozart (born Constanze Weber) ( 5 January 1762 in Zell im Wiesental, Germany &ndash 6 March 1842

Weber's father gave him a comprehensive education, which was however interrupted by the family's constant moves.

In 1796, Weber continued his musical education in Hildburghausen, where he was instructed by the oboist Johann Peter Heuschkel. Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Hildburghausen is a town in Thuringia in central Germany, capital of the district Hildburghausen. Johann Peter Heuschkel ( 4 January 1773, Harras near Eisfeld - 5 December 1853, Biebrich) was a German

On March 13, 1798, Weber's mother died of tuberculosis. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a That same year, Weber went to Salzburg, to study with Michael Haydn; and later to Munich, to study with the singer Johann Evangelist Wallishauser, (known as Valesi), and with the organist J. is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. Johann Michael Haydn ( September 14, 1737 &ndash August 10, 1806) was an Austrian Composer, the younger brother of (Franz Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. N. Kalcher.

1798 also saw Weber's first published work, six fughettas for piano, published in Leipzig. In Music, a fugue (ˈfjuːg is a type of contrapuntal composition or technique of composition for a fixed number of parts, normally referred This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong Other compositions of that period, amongst them a mass, and his first opera, Die Macht der Liebe und des Weins (The Power of Love and Wine), are lost; but a set of Variations for the Pianoforte was later lithographed by Weber himself, under the guidance of Alois Senefelder, the inventor of the process. For other uses see Mass (disambiguation The Mass, a form of sacred musical composition, is a choral composition that Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Johann Alois Senefelder ( 6 November 1771, Prague &ndash 26 February 1834, Munich) was an Austrian Actor

Carl Maria von Weber
Carl Maria von Weber

In 1800, the family moved to Freiberg, in Saxony, where Weber, then 14 years old, wrote an opera called Das stumme Waldmädchen (The silent forest maiden), which was produced at the Freiberg theatre. The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. It was later performed in Vienna, Prague, and St. Petersburg. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River

Weber also began to write articles as a critic, e. g. in the Leipziger Neue Zeitung (1801). Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday

In 1801, the family returned to Salzburg, where Weber resumed his studies with Michael Haydn. Johann Michael Haydn ( September 14, 1737 &ndash August 10, 1806) was an Austrian Composer, the younger brother of (Franz He later continued studying in Vienna with Abbé Vogler (Georg Joseph Vogler), founder of three important music schools (in Mannheim, Stockholm, and Darmstadt); another famous pupil of Vogler was Giacomo Meyerbeer, who became a close friend of Weber. Georg Joseph Vogler, also known as Abbé Vogler ( June 15, 1749 &ndash May 6, 1814) was a German Composer, Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland Giacomo Meyerbeer ( September 5, 1791 &ndash May 2, 1864) was a noted German -born Opera Composer, and

In 1803, Weber's opera, Peter Schmoll und seine Nachbarn (Peter Schmoll and his Neighbors) was produced in Augsburg, and gave Weber his first success as a popular composer. Augsburg is an independent City in the south-west of Bavaria.

Success

Vogler, impressed by his pupil's obvious talent, recommended him to the post of Director at the Opera in Breslau (1806), and from 1807 to 1810, Weber held a post at the court of the Duke of Württemberg, in Stuttgart. Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Frederick I (Friedrich I Wilhelm Karl November 6, 1754 &ndash October 30, 1816) was the first King of Württemberg. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

His personal life during this time remained irregular: he left his post in Breslau in a fit of frustration, he was on one occasion arrested for debt and fraud and expelled from Württemberg, and was involved in various scandals. Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. However he remained successful as a composer, and also wrote a quantity of religious music, mainly for the Catholic mass. The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. This however earned him the hostility of reformers working for the re-establishment of traditional chant in liturgy.

In 1810, Weber visited several cities throughout Germany; from 1813 to 1816 he was director of the Opera in Prague; from 1816 to 1817 he worked in Berlin, and from 1817 onwards he was director of the prestigious Opera in Dresden, working hard to establish a German Opera, in reaction to the Italian Opera which had dominated the European music scene since the 18th century. Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The Semperoper is the Opera house of the Saxon State Opera Dresden (German Sächsische Staatsoper Dresden) and the Concert hall of the Sächsische Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German Italian opera is both the art of Opera in Italy and opera in the Italian language.

The successful premiere of the opera Der Freischütz (18 June 1821, Berlin) led to performances all over Europe; it remains the only one of his operas still in the regular repertoire. Der Freischütz is an Opera in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber to a Libretto by Friedrich Kind. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.

Weber's colourful harmonies and orchestration, the use of popular themes from central European folk music, and the gloomy (gothic) libretto, complete with an appearance of the Devil himself in a nocturnal forest, have all helped to ensure its popularity. Gothic fiction (sometimes referred to as Gothic horror) is a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. A libretto is the text used in an extended Musical work such as an Opera, Operetta, Masque, sacred or secular Oratorio and

The bust of Weber in Eutin
The bust of Weber in Eutin

In 1823, Weber composed the opera Euryanthe to a mediocre libretto, but containing much rich music, the overture of which in particular anticipates Wagner. Year 1823 ( MDCCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common In 1824, Weber received an invitation from Covent Garden, London, to compose and produce Oberon, based on Christoph Martin Wieland's poem of the same name. Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year WikipediaWikiProject Opera --> The Royal Opera House is an Opera house and major performing London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Oberon or The Elf King's Oath is a romantic Opera in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber to an English Libretto by James Robinson Planche, after Christoph Martin Wieland ( September 5, 1733 &ndash January 20, 1813) was a German Poet and writer Weber accepted the invitation, and in 1826 he travelled to England, to finish the work and conduct the premiere on 12 April. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.

Other famous works by Weber include: Invitation to the Dance (later orchestrated by Berlioz); Polacca Brillante; two symphonies, a concertino and two concertos for clarinet, a quintet for clarinet and strings, and a concertino for horn (during which the performer is asked to simultaneously produce two notes by humming while playing - a technique known in brass playing as multiphonics). A symphony is a Musical composition, often extended and usually for Orchestra. The term Concerto (plural concertos or concerti) usually refers to a three part musical work in which one solo instrument is accompanied by an Orchestra A quintet is a group containing five membersIt is commonly associated with musical groups such as a String quintet, or a group of five singers but can be applied to any The Concertino for Horn by Carl Maria von Weber is an extremely taxing work for the French horn. Multiphonics is an Extended technique in instrumental music in which a monophonic instrument (one which generally produces only one note at a time is made to produce

Weber was already suffering from tuberculosis when he visited London; he died there during the night of 4 to 5 June 1826. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display He was buried in London, but 18 years later, his remains were transferred on an initiative of Richard Wagner and re-buried in Dresden. Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German

His unfinished opera Die drei Pintos ('The Three Pintos') was originally given by Weber's widow to Meyerbeer for completion; it was eventually completed by Gustav Mahler, who conducted the first performance in this form in Leipzig on 20 January 1888. Die drei Pintos ( The Three Pintos) is a comic Opera of which Carl Maria von Weber began composing the music working on a Libretto Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

Weber's grave in Dresden
Weber's grave in Dresden

Legacy

Weber was a great pianist and conductor. His piano music is technically challenging; and his mastery of the orchestra was surpassed in his time only by Beethoven and Schubert. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. During the 19th century, his 'Polacca Brillante', 'Invitation to the Dance, Second Piano Sonata and 'Konzertstück' for piano and orchestra were frequently heard. A concertino (or Konzertstück) is a short Concerto freer in form Liszt frequently performed Weber's music and made editions of his piano sonatas. Other 19th-century admirers included Wagner, Meyerbeer and Berlioz. Giacomo Meyerbeer ( September 5, 1791 &ndash May 2, 1864) was a noted German -born Opera Composer, and

Weber's piano music all but disappeared from the repertoire, but there has been a revival of interest in these works in recent times. There are several recordings of the major works for the solo piano (including complete recordings of the piano sonatas and the shorter piano pieces, by Garrick Ohlsson, Alexander Paley and others), and there are recordings of the individual sonatas by Claudio Arrau (1st Sonata), Alfred Brendel (2nd Sonata), Sviatoslav Richter (3rd Sonata) and Leon Fleischer (4th Sonata). Garrick Ohlsson (born April 3, 1948 in New York) is an American classical Pianist. Claudio Arrau León ( February 6, 1903 &ndash June 9, 1991) was a Chilean Pianist of world fame for his deep interpretations Alfred Brendel KBE (born January 5 1931 is an Austrian Pianist, born in Czechoslovakia and a resident of the United Kingdom. Sviatoslav Teofilovich Richter (Святосла́в Теофи́лович Рихтер Svjatoslav Teofilovič Rikhter) ( &ndash August 1, 1997) was Leon Fleisher (born July 23, 1928) is an American pianist and conductor. The Invitation to the Dance, although better known in Berlioz's orchestration (as part of the ballet music for a Paris production of Der Freischütz), has long been played and recorded by pianists (e. g. Benno Moiseiwitsch). Benno Moiseiwitsch ( February 22, 1890 - April 9, 1963) was a Pianist. Invitation to the Dance also served as the thematic basis for Benny Goodman's swing tune Lets Dance.

His orchestral music, clarinet works, the opera Der Freischütz (his most famous composition), as well as the overtures to Oberon and Euryanthe are still performed. The last two operas have, in fact, been performed more and more often since the 1990s.

Works

For more details on Weber's compositions, including complete lists of his works in order of opus number and Jähns catalogue number, see List of compositions by Carl Maria von Weber. The following is a complete list of compositions by Carl Maria von Weber in order of both Opus number and catalogue number

Operas

Church music

Vocal works with orchestra

Concertos

Media

See also

External links

Persondata
NAME Weber, Carl Maria von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Weber, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von
SHORT DESCRIPTION German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school
DATE OF BIRTH November 18, 1786
PLACE OF BIRTH Eutin, Holstein
DATE OF DEATH June 5, 1826
PLACE OF DEATH London
The Werner Icking Music Archive, often abbreviated WIMA, is a web archive of Public domain Sheet music. The International Music Score Library Project ( IMSLP) is a project for the creation of a virtual library of Public domain music scores, based on the The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures A pianist (/'piənɪst/ is a Musician who plays the Piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces play with an ensemble or Orchestra A guitarist is a Musician who plays the Guitar. Guitarists may perform solo pieces or play with ensembles and bands of a wide variety of genres The word critic comes from the Greek el κριτικός ( el-Latn kritikós) "able to discern" which in turn derives from the word Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Eutin (ɔʏˈtiːn is the district capital of Eastern Holstein (German Ostholstein) located in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
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