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Carl Leavitt Hubbs (born October 19, 1894 in Williams, Arizona; died June 30, 1979 in La Jolla, California) was an American ichthyologist. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Williams is a city in Coconino County, Arizona, United States. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) La Jolla (ləˈhɔɪə "luh-HOY-uh") is a wealthy Seaside resort community of up to 42808 residents within the city of San Diego, California

Contents

Biography

Youth

He was the son of Charles Leavitt and Elizabeth (nee Goss) Hubbs. His father had a wide variety of jobs (farmer, iron mine owner, newspaper owner). The family moved several times before settling in San Diego where he got his first taste of natural history[1]. Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods After his parents divorced in 1907, he lived with his mother who opened a private school in Redondo Beach, California. Redondo Beach is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. His maternal grandmother Jane Goble Goss, one of the first female doctors, shows Hubbs how to harvest shellfish and other sea creatures.

One of his teachers, impressed by Hubbs abilities in science, recommended that he study chemistry at the University of Berkeley. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley The family moved once more to Los Angeles. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West In Los Angeles, George Bliss Culver, one of the many volunteers of David Starr Jordan, encouraged Hubbs to abandon his study of birds[2] and instead to study fish, particularly those fish that inhabited the rivers of Los Angeles, which at that time had not been well researched. David Starr Jordan PhD LLD ( January 19, 1851 &ndash September 19, 1931) was a leading eugenicist, Ichthyologist Hubbs completed his studies at Stanford University, following particularly the ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert, a disciple of Jordan. Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in Charles Henry Gilbert ( 5 December 1859 -1928 was an American ichthyologist who worked with Seth Eugene Meek and David Starr Jordan Gilbert becomes Hubbs's mentor gives him the responsibility of caring for a collection of fish from Stanford. During this same period Hubbs meets John Otterbein Snyder, another disciple of Jordan. Hubbs obtained his BA in 1916 and his Masters in 1917. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

Curator

From 1917 until 1920 Hubbs served as the assistant curator of fish, amphibians and reptiles at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The Field Museum of Natural History is located in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. He married Laura Cornelia Clark on June 15, 1918, with whom he would have two children. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common His wife, who had also studied at Stanford, having received her BA in 1915 and her Masters in 1916, taught math. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

In 1920, he took the position of curator of fish at the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan, a position he held for 24 years. In 1927, while working at the University of Michigan, he received his Ph.D., writing his dissertation on The Consequences of Structural Modifications of the Developmental Rate in Fishes Considered in Reference to Certain Problems of Evolution. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Hubbs himself along with members of team and students contributed to the enrichment of the museum's collection. In 1929, he participated in an academic trip to Java where he collected five tons of specimens. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. Hubbs began to study hybridization among different species of fish.

California

In addition to his position as conservator, Hubbs was the first director of the Institute for Fisheries Research in the Department of Conservation of Michigan (1930-1935). In this role, he conducted research on the diverse inventory of regional fauna, mortality, water pollution, growth and predation. During his stay at the University of Michigan, Hubbs issued more than 300 publications, almost entirely devoted to fish. His studies were not confined to the United States because he also studied a large collection of fish from Japan.

From 1944 to 1969, Hubbs taught biology at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography at the University of San Diego in La Jolla where he replaced Francis Bertody Sumner. Scripps Institution of Oceanography (sometimes referred to as SIO, Scripps Oceanography or just Scripps) in La Jolla California, is one of the From 1969 to 1979 he served as professor emeritus. He accepted the post for the new research opportunities it opened. Still, the position offered a lower salary and the rules prevented him from hiring his wife[3].

The restrictions of World War II forced the Scripps Institute to rent his research boat to the army, significantly restricting his research opportunities. During the summer of 1946, Errol Flynn, son of a marine biologist, offered Hubbs to accompany him during a cruise aboard his yacht, the Zaca. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Errol Leslie Thomson Flynn ( June 20, 1909 &ndash October 14, 1959) was an Australian Film Actor, most Marine biology is the scientific study of living Organisms in the Ocean or other marine or Brackish bodies of water The results weren't great but Hubbs discovered high levels of endemism of species of Guadeloupe.

Int the years following the war, Hubbs began doing research in the field of commercial and recreational fishing. He observed changes in population patterns depending on the fluctuation in temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. He began studies of ancient climates through such tools as dating mollusk shells. His research led to the founding of a laboratory in 1957 to provide dating for archaeological and geological samples. He bequeathed his collection to San Diego's Archaeological Museum of Man in 1973.


Scientific Research

Hubbs issued 712 publications. At first he studied the fish of the Great Lakes but after moving to La Jolla, he expanded his research to include marine mammals. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. He also served as an active adviser, both through articles for popular magazines, the Encyclopedia Britannica, and radio broadcasts. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc He educated the public from 1920 to 1930 the need to protect the habitats of marine mammals. For his environmental protection work he received a gold medal of the San Diego Natural History Society[4].

He was a member of several of learned societies, participating in the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, the Wildlife Society of San Diego Natural History Society, and the National Academy of Sciences of the Linnean Society of London[5]. A learned society is an Organization that exists to promote an Academic discipline or group of disciplines History On December 27 1913 John Treadwell Nichols published the first issue of Copeia, a scientific journal dedicated to the knowledge of Founded in 1937 The Wildlife Society (TWS is an international Non-profit scientific and educational association dedicated to excellence in Wildlife Stewardship The Linnean Society of London is the World 's premier society for the study and dissemination of Taxonomy and natural history Hubbs received numerous awards from the Academy of Natural Sciences and the California Academy of Sciences. The Academy of Natural Sciences is the oldest Natural science research institution and museum in the United States The California Academy of Sciences is one of the ten largest Museums of natural history in the world and one of the oldest in the United States consisting of a coral

His name was given to five genus and twenty-two species of fish, a genus of lichen, a species of birds, two species of mollusk, a species of crabs, three species of cave arthropods, two species of insects, three species of algae, a species of lichen, a whale and a dried up lake in Nevada[6].

Notes

  1. ^ Cf. Norris (1974) : 586.
  2. ^ With a guide, North American Bird Eggs, Chester Albert Reed (1876-1912). Cf Norris (1974) : 587.
  3. ^ Many institutions have a rule prohibiting the hiring of two members of the same family. Cf Shor et al. (1987) : 226.
  4. ^ Cf. Norris (1974) : 592.
  5. ^ Cf. Sterling et al. (1997) : 385.
  6. ^ Cf. Norris (1974) : 581.

References

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