Carignan is a red wine grape that originated in Cariñena, Aragon and was later transplanted to Sardinia, elsewhere in Italy, France, Algeria, and much of the New World. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Cariñena is a village in the province of Zaragoza, in the Autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. Along with Aramon, it considered one of the main grapes responsible for France's wine lake. Aramon or Aramon Noir is a variety of red Wine Grape grown primarily in Languedoc-Roussillon in southern France. The wine lake refers to the continuing surplus of Wine over demand (glut produced in the European Union. ^[1] In California, the grape is rarely used to make varietal wines, but some examples from old vines do exist. California wine is Wine made in the US state of California. Nearly three-quarters the size of France, California accounts for nearly 90 Varietal describes Wines made primarily from a single named Grape variety. Old vine ( French: vieilles vignes, German: alte Reben) is a term commonly used on Wine labels to indicate that a wine is the In Australia, Carignan is used as a component of blended wines. The Australian wine industry is the fourth-largest exporter in the world exporting over 400 million litres a year to a large international export market that includes "old world" In the Languedoc, the grape is often blended with Cinsaut, Grenache, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Mourvèdre and Merlot. Languedoc wine, including the Vin de pays labeled Vin de Pays d'Oc, is produced in southern France. Cinsaut or Cinsault (pronounced "san-so" is a red Wine Grape, whose heat tolerance and productivity make it important in Languedoc-Roussillon Grenache (pronounced gren-ash) (in Spanish, Garnacha, in Catalan, Garnatxa) is probably the most widely planted variety of red wine Syrah is a dark-skinned variety of Grape used in Wine. Syrah is grown in many countries and is primarily used to produce powerful Red wines which enjoy Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. Cabernet Franc is one of the major varieties of red Wine Grape in Bordeaux Mourvèdre, is a variety of red Wine Grape grown around the world Merlot ('MERL-oh' in British English mer-LOH in American English and standard French is a red Wine Grape that is used as both a blending grape and for It has an upright growth habit and can be grown without a trellis. A pergola is a Garden feature forming a shaded walk or passageway of pillars that support cross beams and a sturdy open lattice upon which woody vines are trained It was crossed to Cabernet Sauvignon to give Ruby Cabernet. Ruby Cabernet is a red Wine grape variety that is valued for its drought resistance if not for the quality of its wines

History

Location of the Languedoc-Roussillon, a leading Carignan producer.

Carignan is believed to have originated in Spain in the Aragon region and was historically a component of neighboring Rioja's red wine blend. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Aragon ( Spanish: "Aragón") is an autonomous community of Spain. Rioja is a Wine, with Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOC From Spain it gain prominence in Algeria and fed that country's export production to France. Algerian wine is Wine made from the North African country of Algeria. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Upon Algeria's independence in 1962, the French supply of Carignan wine was cut off and growers in Southern France began to plant the vine for their own production. Southern France (or the South of France) colloquially known as Le Midi, is a loosely defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that The grape's prominence in France hit a high point in 1988 when it accounted for 167,000 hectares and was France's most widely planted grape. Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is That year, in a drive to increase the overall quality of European wine and to reduce the growing wine lake phenomenon, the European Union started an aggressive vine pull scheme where vineyard owners were offered cash subsidies in exchange for pulling up their vines. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Vine pull schemes are programs whereby Grape growers receive a financial incentive to pull up their grape Vines a process known as arrachage in French In Economics, a subsidy (also known as a subvention is a form of financial assistance paid to a business or economic sector Out of all the French wine varieties, Carignan was the most widely affected dropping by 2000 to 95,700 ha (236,000 acres) and being surpassed by Merlot as the most widely planted grape. French wine is produced in several regions throughout France, on over 800000 Hectares (over 2 million Acres of Vineyards and in a typical The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U Merlot ('MERL-oh' in British English mer-LOH in American English and standard French is a red Wine Grape that is used as both a blending grape and for ^[2]

Viticulture and winemaking

Powdery mildew(shown here on white wine grapes) is a serious hazard for Carignan growers which requires regular chemical spraying of vineyards.

The popularity of Carignan is largely tied to its ability to produce very large yields in the range of 200 hl/ha (11 tons/acre). In Agriculture, crop yield (also known as "agricultural output" is not only a measure of the Yield of cereal per unit area of land under cultivation The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, Units of mass There are three similar units of Mass called the ton: Long ton (simply ton in countries such as the United The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U The vine does face significant viticultural hazards with high sensitivity to rot, powdery mildew, downy mildew and grape worms. Viticulture (from the Latin word for Vine) is the Science, production and study of Grapes which deals with the series of This article is a list of diseases of Grapes ( Vitis spp Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Melanconium fuligineum Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants Downy mildew refers to any of several types of Oomycete microbes that are obligate parasites of plants The nematodes or roundworms ( Phylum Nematoda from Greek (nema "thread" + -ode "like" are one of the most common Carignan is a late budding and ripening grape which requires a warm climate in order to achieve full ripeness. ^[1] The vine also develops very thick stalk around the grape clusters which makes mechanical harvesting difficult. The Harvesting of Wine Grapes is one of the most crucial steps in the process of Winemaking. A white grape mutation known as Carignan blanc also exist in Roussillon in small plantings of around 1000 ha (2,500 acres). Roussillon ( French: Roussillon, ʀusiˈjɔ̃ Catalan: Rosselló, pronounced; Spanish: Rosellón, pronounced) is ^[2]

In winemaking the grape is often used as a deep coloring component in blends, rather than being made in a varietal form with some exception. Winemaking, or vinification, is the production of Wine, starting with selection of the Grapes and ending with bottling the finished wine Carignan produced from old vines in places like Montpeyroux and the Corbières AOC are typically solely are predominantly Carignan. Montpeyroux may refer to the following places in France Montpeyroux Aveyron, a commune of the Aveyron département Corbières is the largest Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée in the Languedoc-Roussillon, encompassing an enormous variety of soil types and Microclimates The grape is a difficult one for winemakers to work with being naturally high in acidity, tannins and astringency which requires a lot of skill to produce a wine of finesse and elegance. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are Tannins are Astringent, bitter plant Polyphenols that either bind and Precipitate or shrink Proteins The astringency from the tannins is what An astringent (also spelled adstringent) substance is a chemical that tends to shrink or constrict Body tissues usually locally after Topical medicinal Some winemakers have experimented with Carbonic maceration and adding small amounts of Cinsault and Grenache with some positive results. Carbonic maceration is a Winemaking technique often associated with the French wine region of Beaujolais, in which whole Grapes are fermented ^[2] Syrah and Grenache are considered its best blending partners being capable of performing a softer wine with rustic fruit and perfume. In California, Ridge Vineyards has found some success with a varietal wine made from Carignan vines that were planted in the 1880s. Ridge Vineyards is a winery with two locations the original headquarters located at an elevation of on Monte Bello Ridge in the Santa Cruz Mountains near Cupertino California ^[1]

Wine regions

The grape is most widely found in south France, particularly in the Languedoc regions of Aude, Gard and Hérault where it is often made as Vin ordinaire and in some Vin de pays wines. Languedoc ( in French Lengadòc in Occitan) is a former Province of France, now continued in the modern-day ''régions'' of Languedoc-Roussillon Aude ( Occitan: Aude) is a department in south-central France named after the Aude River. Gard ( Occitan: Gard) is a département located in southern France in the Languedoc-Roussillon region Hérault ( Occitan: Erau) is a department in the southwest of France named after the Hérault river. In the United States table wine is used as a legal definition to differentiate standard Wine from stronger (higher alcohol content Fortified wine or Vin de pays is a French term meaning "country wine" Vins de pays are a step in the French wine classification which is above the table wine ( Vin de table In Spain the grape is almost non-existent in its ancestral home of Aragon where it was once a secondary component of wine from the Cariñena region after Grenache and Bobal. Spanish wines are wines produced in the southwestern European country of Spain. The Cariñena Denominación de Origen (DO is the largest (65500ha wine growing region in the Autonomous community of Aragón in northern Bobal is a variety of Vitis Vinifera, a red grape used in winemaking ^[3] It has found some prominence in the Catalan wine regions of Priorat, Costers del Segre, Penedès, Tarragona and Terra Alta. Catalan wine is Wine made in the Spanish wine region of Catalonia. Priorat DOQ ( Denominació d’Origen Qualificada in Catalan also Denominación de Origen Calificada – DOCa – in Spanish is a quality wine producing Costers del Segre is a Denominació d'Origen (DO in the province of Lleida ( Catalonia, Spain) and is divided into several separate sub-zones The Penedès wine-making region of Catalonia in Northeast Spain lies to the south-west of the city of Barcelona. Tarragona Denominació d’Origen (DO is located in the south of the province of Tarragona ( Catalonia, Spain) and covers three distinct areas Terra Alta Denominació d’Origen (DO is located in the west of the province of Tarragona ( Catalonia, Spain) and covers 12 inland municipalities As of 2004, Spain had around 7,000 ha (17,300 acres). In Italy the grape is most commonly found in Sardina and Lazio where it is often found as a rosé. Italian wine is Wine produced in Italy, a Country which is home to some of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world For the football club see SS Lazio Lazio ( Latium in Latin) is a regione of central A rosé (From French rosé ‘pinkish’ Wine has some of the color typical of a red wine but only enough to turn it pink The Carignano del Sulcis DOC features a Carignan based rosso from the Sardinian islands of Sant'Antioco and San Pietro. Denominazione di origine controllata is an Italian quality assurance label for food products and especially wines (an Appellation) Sant'Antioco is a the name of both an island and a municipality ( Comune) in southwestern Sardinia, in the Province of Carbonia-Iglesias, in In the New World, Carignan was often planted in the warmer wine regions of California, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Australia and South Africa. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Chilean wine is Wine made in the South American country of Chile. Argentine wine, as with some aspects of Argentine cuisine, has its roots in Spain. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. South African wine has a history dating back to 1659, and at one time Constantia was considered one of the greatest wines in the world ^[2]

At one point in California's wine history, Carignane (as it is known here) was the third most widely planted grape variety but has since dropped considerably in production . California wine has a long and continuing history, and in the late twentieth century became recognized as producing some of the world's finest Wine The majority of the vines were planted in the Central Valley and used to make inexpensive box and jug wines. The Central Valley is a large flat valley that dominates the central portion of the U A box wine (or cask wine, bladder pack Cheap cask wine is also known as "goon" in Australia and also New Zealand ("goon" is diminutive slang Jug wine is a term in the United States for inexpensive table Wine (or "bulk wine" typically bottled in a glass jug In the 1970s and 1980s, Californian Carigane was one of the leading "home winemaking" grapes in production. In Australia the grape was often confused with the Bonvedro vine, which is similarly prone to diseases, but in recent years Australian winemakers have been able to identify true Carignan. The grape is still popular in North Africa in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Carignan also played an important role in the early development of the Israeli wine industry though it is not as prominent today. The Israeli wine industry has Wineries numbering in the hundreds and ranging in size from small boutique enterprises making a few thousand bottles per year to the largest producing Chinese winemakers have also experimented with growing Carignan in some of their warmer wine regions. Wine in China (葡萄酒 pinyin pútáo jiǔ refers to Grape Wines that are produced in China. ^[3]

Synonyms

The grape is known under a variety of synonyms through the world. This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym" In Spanish it is known as Cariñena with Mazuelo, Tinto Mazuelo, Crujillon and Samsó also being used in Spain. In Italian the grape is known as Carignano but can also be known as Uva di Spagna. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. In California it is spelled with an extra vowel on the end as Carignane. In Catalan the grape is known as Carinyena. Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official In Portugal it is known as Pinot Evara even though it has no relation to the Pinot family of grapes. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Other French synonyms include Carignan noir, Bois Dur, Catalan, Roussillonen, Monestel and Plant de Lédenon. ^[3]

References

External links

• Carignan Renaissance