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Cariban
Geographic
distribution:		 Mostly within north-central South America, with extensions in the southern Caribbean and in Central America.
Genetic
classification:		 American
 Cariban
Subdivisions:
Northern Carib
Southern Carib

The Cariban languages are an indigenous language family of South America. List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family Indigenous languages of the Americas (or Amerindian Languages are spoken by indigenous peoples from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Carib languages are widespread across northern South America, from the mouth of the Amazon River to the Colombian Andes and from Maracaibo (Venezuela) to Central Brazil. The Amazon River (Rio Amazonas Río Amazonas of South America is the largest river in the world by volume with a total river flow greater than the next top ten largest rivers Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. Maracaibo is the second-largest city in Venezuela after the national capital Caracas and is the capital of Zulia state Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Cariban languages are relatively close to each other; in some cases, it is difficult to decide whether different groups speak different languages or dialects of the same language. Because of this, the exact number of Cariban languages is not known with certainty (current estimates range from 25 to 40, with 20 to 30 still spoken). The Cariban family is well known in the linguistic world due to Hixkaryana, a language with Object-Verb-Subject sentences, previously thought not to exist in human language. Hixkaryana is one of the Carib languages, spoken by just over 500 people on the Nhamundá river a tributary of the Amazon River in Brazil.

Some years prior to the arrival of the first Spanish explorers, Carib-speaking peoples had invaded and occupied the Lesser Antilles, killing, displacing or forcibly assimilating the Arawakan peoples who inhabited the islands. The Lesser Antilles, also known as the Caribbees, are part of the Antilles, which together with the Bahamas and Greater Antilles form the The Arawakan languages (also Arahuacan, Arawakanas, Arahuacano, Maipurean, Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúrean They never reached the Greater Antilles or the Bahamas. The Greater Antilles is one of three island groups in the Caribbean. The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and Curiously, the Carib language quickly died out while the Arawakan language was maintained over the generations. This was the result of the invading Carib men usually killing the local men of the islands they conquered and taking Arawak wives who then passed on their own language to the children. For a time, Arawak was spoken primarily or exclusively by women and children, while adult men spoke Carib. Eventually, as the first generation of Carib-Arawak children reached adulthood, the more familiar Arawak became the only language used in the small island societies. This language was called Island Carib, even though it is not part of the Carib linguistic family. Cariban languages Carib, Island Carib or Kalinago people after whom the Caribbean Sea was named live in the Lesser Antilles islands It is now extinct, but was spoken on the Lesser Antilles until the 1920's (primarily in Dominica, Saint Vincent, and Trinidad). The Lesser Antilles, also known as the Caribbees, are part of the Antilles, which together with the Bahamas and Greater Antilles form the The Commonwealth of Dominica, commonly known as Dominica, is an Island nation in the Caribbean Sea. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles chain of the Caribbean Sea. The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (ˈtrɪnɪdæd ən təˈbeɪgoʊ is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying northeast of the South American A linguistic descendant of Island Carib, Garífuna, continues to be spoken in Honduras, Guatemala, and Belize, and is also known as Caribe or Black Carib. Cariban languages Carib, Island Carib or Kalinago people after whom the Caribbean Sea was named live in the Lesser Antilles islands The Garinagu (singular Garifuna) are an ethnic group of mixed ancestry who live primarily in Central America. Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest Belize (bəˈliːz formerly British Honduras, is a country in Central America.

Contents

Family division

Cariban itself is tentatively divided into two to four branches.

Northern Carib languages: Coyaima; Japrería; Yupka; Pemon; Akawaio; Patamona; Macushi; Atruahí; Sikiana; Salumá; Waiwai; Akuriyó; Apalaí; Tiriyó (Trio); Kaliña; Wayana; Carib; Arára, Pará; Txikão; Mapoyo; Panare; Yabarana;

Southern Carib languages: Carijona; Hixkaryána; Kaxuiâna; Maquiritari; Bakairí; Kuikúro-Kalapálo; Matipuhy; Yarumá;

Genetic relations

It has been proposed that the Cariban family may be distantly related to Macro-Je and Tupi languages in a "Je-Tupi-Carib" stock, but this is highly speculative, and the internal relationships of these families are still poorly known. "Pemon" redirects here For the Wasp Genus, see Pemon (wasp "Akawaio" redirects here For the Akawaio people see Ingarikó. Macushi is spoken by 15000 Brazilians and 24600 around the world The Tiriyó language is spoken by the Tiriyó (also known as Trio, autodenomination tarëno) approximately 2000 people living in several villages The Kaliña (sometime called Galibi or Carib are an Indigenous people of South America who live in Guyana, Surinam, French Guyana Mapoyo is a Carib language that was spoken by three individuals in 2000 along Suapure and Parguaza Rivers Venezuela. Panare is a Cariban language spoken by approximately 3000-4000 people in Bolivar State in southern Venezuela. Hixkaryana is one of the Carib languages, spoken by just over 500 people on the Nhamundá river a tributary of the Amazon River in Brazil. Macro-Jê (also spelled Macro-Gê) is a medium-sized language stock in South America centered around the Jê language family, first proposed in 1926 and The Tupi or Tupian language family comprises some 70 languages spoken in South America, of which the best known are Tupi proper and Guarani. Je-Tupi-Carib is a proposed Language family composed of the Macro-Je (or Gê Tupian and Cariban languages of South America.

See also

External links

This is a list of Spanish words that come from Indigenous languages of the Americas. The term Arawak (from aru, the Lokono word for Cassava flour was used to designate the Amerindians encountered by the Spanish in The Arawakan languages (also Arahuacan, Arawakanas, Arahuacano, Maipurean, Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúrean Cariban languages Carib, Island Carib or Kalinago people after whom the Caribbean Sea was named live in the Lesser Antilles islands The Taínos were pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles. The Garinagu (singular Garifuna) are an ethnic group of mixed ancestry who live primarily in Central America.
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