- See also: Cariban languages
Carib, Island Carib or Kalinago people, after whom the Caribbean Sea was named, live in the Lesser Antilles islands. The Cariban languages are an indigenous Language family of South America. John Gabriel Stedman ( 1744 - 7 March 1797) was a distinguished British-Dutch Soldier and noted Author. For the region see Caribbean. The Caribbean Sea (kəˈrɪbiən or /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ is a tropical Sea in the Western Hemisphere The Lesser Antilles, also known as the Caribbees, are part of the Antilles, which together with the Bahamas and Greater Antilles form the They are an Amerindian people whose origins lie in the southern West Indies and the northern coast of South America. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a
Although the men spoke either a Carib language or a pidgin, the Caribs' raids resulted in so many female Arawak captives that it was not uncommon for the women to speak Kalhíphona, a Maipurean language (Arawakan). The Cariban languages are an indigenous Language family of South America. A pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common in situations such as Trade The term Arawak (from aru, the Lokono word for Cassava flour was used to designate the Amerindians encountered by the Spanish in Cariban languages Carib, Island Carib or Kalinago people after whom the Caribbean Sea was named live in the Lesser Antilles islands Maipurean (also Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre, Arawakan, Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan The Arawakan languages (also Arahuacan, Arawakanas, Arahuacano, Maipurean, Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúrean In the southern Caribbean they co-existed with a related Cariban-speaking group, the Galibi, who lived in separate villages in Grenada and Tobago and are believed to have been mainland Caribs. The Galibi were a Cariban-speaking people who lived in the Lesser Antilles and northern South America ( French Guiana) at the time of European Grenada (grɪˈneɪdə is an Island nation that includes the southern Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Tobago is the smaller of the two main islands that make up the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.
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History
The Caribs are believed to have left the Orinoco rainforests of Venezuela in South America to settle in the Caribbean. ORiNOCO is the brand name that was used for a family of wireless networking solutions by Proxim (previously Lucent) Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Over the century leading up to Christopher Columbus' arrival in the Caribbean archipelago in 1493, the Caribs are believed to have displaced the Maipurean-speaking Igneri people from the southern Lesser Antilles. Christopher Columbus (1451 &ndash May 20 1506 was an Italian Navigator, colonizer The Igneri were a pre- Colombian Ethnic group that was once part of the Arawak tribe
The islanders also raided and traded with the Eastern Taíno of the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. The Taínos were pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles. See also Culture of the Virgin Islands Music of the Virgin Islands Virgin Islands Creole Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} The Caribs were the source of the gold which Columbus found in the possession of the Taíno; gold was not smelted by any of the insular Amerindians, but rather was obtained by trade from the mainland. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 The Caribs were skilled boatbuilders and sailors, and seem to have owed their dominance in the Caribbean basin to their mastery of the arts of war.
The Caribs were themselves displaced by the Europeans, and most were eventually exterminated or assimilated during the colonial period by the Spanish. The start of the European colonization of the Americas is typically dated to 1492 although there was at least one earlier colonization effort However they were able to retain some islands, such as Dominica, Saint Vincent, Saint Lucia, and Trinidad. The Commonwealth of Dominica, commonly known as Dominica, is an Island nation in the Caribbean Sea. You may be looking for St Vincent Island Florida Saint Vincent is a volcanic Island in the Caribbean, the largest island Saint Lucia (ˌseɪnt ˈluːʃɪə is an Island nation in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Trinidad ( Spanish: " Trinity " is the largest and most populous of the two major islands and
The Black Caribs (Garifuna) of St. The Garinagu (singular Garifuna) are an ethnic group of mixed ancestry who live primarily in Central America. Vincent inherit their ethnicity from a group of black slaves who were marooned in a 1675 shipwreck possibly after seizing power from the crew. Maroons redirects here and may refer to Queensland state rugby league team. In 1795, they were deported to Roatan Island, off Honduras, where their descendants, the Garífuna, still live today. Roatán, located between the islands of Útila and Guanaja ( is the largest of Honduras ' Bay Islands. Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. The British saw the less mixed "Yellow Caribs" as less hostile, and allowed them to remain in St. Vincent. Carib resistance delayed the settlement of Dominica by Europeans, and the Carib communities that remained in St. Vincent and Dominica retained a degree of autonomy well into the 19th century.
The last known speakers of Island Carib died in the 1920s. A moderate number of the Haitian, Dominican, and Vincentian populations are reported to have Carib ancestry.
People
Because of Dominica's rugged area, Caribs were able to hide from European forces. Today, on the island's east coast, there is a 3,700 acre territory granted by the Crown in 1903. There are only 3000 Caribs remaining after many years of brutal treatment by the Spanish, French and British colonists. They elect their own chief. In July of 2003, Caribs observed 100 Years of Territory. In July of 2004, Charles Williams was elected as Carib Chief. [1] It is said that they are the only remaining native Carib people. However, some of them are married with the local population.
There are several hundred ethnic Caribs in Trinidad, as well as a Carib population in St. Vincent, the size of which is not known. Some ethnic Carib communities remain on the South American mainland, in countries such as Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld French Guiana (Guyane française officially fr ''Guyane'' is an Overseas department (French département d'outre-mer, or DOM) of France Guyana (ɡaɪˈænə or /ɡiːˈɑːnə/ officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is the only Nation state Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by The sizes of these communities differ.
Religion
The Caribs are believed to have been polytheists. Polytheism is belief in or worship of multiple Gods (usually assembled in a pantheon) together with associated Mythology and Rituals
Patriarchy
Early Carib culture, as seen from a distance, appears especially patriarchal. Patriarchy is the structuring of Society on the basis of Family units where fathers have primary responsibility for the welfare of hence authority over Women carried out primarily domestic duties and farming, and in the 17th century lived in separate houses (a custom which also suggests South American origin) from men.
However, women were highly revered and held substantial socio-political power. Island Carib society was reputedly more socially egalitarian than Taíno society. Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have Although there were village chiefs and war leaders, there were no large states or multi-tiered aristocracy. The local self-government unit may have been the longhouse dwellings populated by men or women, typically run by one or more chieftains reporting to an island council. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system In Archaeology and Anthropology, a long house or longhouse is a type of long narrow single-room building built by peoples in various parts of the world A traditional tribal chief is the leader of a Tribe, or the head of a tribal form of self-government A Tribal Council is either (1 an association of Native American bands in the United States or First Nations in Canada, or (2 the governing
Cannibalism
The English word cannibal originated from the Carib word karibna ('person') – as recorded by Columbus as a name for the Caribs.
Instances of cannibalism are said to have been noted as a feature of war rituals: the limbs of victims may have been taken home as trophies. Cannibalism (from Spanish es ''caníbal'' in connection with cannibalism among the Antillean Caribs, also called anthropophagy (from Greek ἄνθρωπος While the Kalinago would chew and spit out one mouthful of flesh of a very brave warrior, so that his bravery would go to him, there is no evidence that they ate humans to satisfy hunger. The Kalinago also had a tradition of keeping the bones of their ancestors in their houses; initially this had been taken as evidence that they ate human flesh.
Missionaries such as Pere Jean Baptiste Labat and Cesar de Rochefort described the Kalinago practice of preserving the bones of their ancestors in their houses in the belief that the ancestral spirits would look after the bones and protect their descendants. Today a similar practice to this is still practiced in tribes of the Amazon.
Even after Columbus was presented with evidence that the cannibalism of the indigenous people was a myth, the myth was perpetuated because in 1503, Queen Isabella ruled that only people who were better off under slavery (including cannibals) could legally be taken as slaves. This provided Spaniards an incentive and legalistic pretext for identifying various Amerindian groups as cannibals in order to enslave them and take their lands away from them.
To this day the Kalinago people fight against what they regard as a misconception about their ancestors. The film Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest was recently criticised by the National Garifuna Council for portraying the Carib people as cannibals. Pirates of the Caribbean Dead Man's Chest is a 2006 Adventure film of the ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' series, the sequel to the 2003
See also
References
Resources
- Allaire, Louis (1997). The Carib Expulsion was the Ethnic cleansing of the Carib population which took place in 1660 on the Caribbean island of The Santa Rosa Carib Community is the major organisation of indigenous people in Trinidad and Tobago. "The Caribs of the Lesser Antilles". In Samuel M. Wilson, The Indigenous People of the Caribbean, pp. 180–185. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1531-6.
- Steele, Beverley A. (2003). "Grenada, A history of its people". Macmillan Education, pp11-47
- Honeychurch, Lennox, The Dominica Story, MacMillan Education 1995.
- Davis, D and Goodwin R. C. "Island Carib Origins: Evidence and non-evidence" American Antiquity vol. 55 no. 1(1990).
- Eaden, John, "The Memoirs of Père Labat", 1693-1705, Frank Cass 1970.
- Ethnologue report on Carib [1]
Dictionary
Carib
-proper noun
- A group of American Indian people of the coast of Central and South America and the Lesser Antilles.
- Any of the languages of these people.
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