The Carians (Greek: Κάρες; Kares) were the inhabitants of Caria. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Municipalities of Caria Cramer's detailed catalog of Carian towns in Classical Greece is based entirely on ancient sources
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Legend
According to Greek tradition, the Carians were named after an eponymous Car, one of their legendary early kings (Herodotus, 1. Car ( Greek: Καρ is an Ancient Greek name attributed to two individuals in Greek mythology. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash 171). Classical Greeks would often claim that Caria was originally colonized by Ionian Greeks, but local archaeology shows that the Carians were settled in the region before the Greeks arrived. Geography Physical Ionia was of small extent not exceeding 90 geographical miles in length from north to south with a breadth varying from 40 to 55 miles but to this Homer records that Miletus (later an Ionian city) was a Carian city at the time of the Trojan War and that the Carians, of incomprehensible speech, joined the Trojans against the Achaeans under the leadership of Nastes, brother of Amphimachos ("killer of many") and son of Nomion; these figures appear only in Iliad 2. Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Miletus (mī lē' təs ( Ancient Greek: Μίλητος literally Transliterated Milētos, Latin Miletus) was an Ancient In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans after Paris of Troy stole Helen from her Troy ( Greek: grc Τροία Troia, also, Ilion; Latin: Trōia, Īlium, Hittite: Wilusa or 865ff:
"Nastes led the Carians, men of a strange speech. These held Miletus and the wooded mountain of Phthires, with the water of the river Maeander and the lofty crests of Mount Mycale. The Büyük Menderes River (historically the Maeander also spelled Meander) Turkish: Büyük Menderes Nehri, Ancient Greek: Mycale (also Mycǎlé, Mukalê, Mykale and Mycali, Ancient Greek Μυκαλή; called Samsun Daği and These were commanded by Nastes and Amphimachus, the brave sons of Nomion. He came into the fight with gold about him, like a girl; fool that he was, his gold was of no avail to save him, for he fell in the river by the hand of the fleet descendant of Aeacus, and Achilles bore away his gold. "
and in a list in Dares of Phrygia's epitome of the Trojan War. Dares Phrygius, according to Homer ( Iliad, 59 527 was a Trojan priest of Hephaestus.
History
Herodotus (1. 171) recorded that Carians believed themselves to be aborigines of Caria. In his time, the Phoenicians were calling them "KRK" in their alphabetic script. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun This corresponds to the Karkiya or Karkisa mentioned in the Hittite records. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established Modern linguistics supports a supposition that the Carian language was a descendant of the Luwian language, a member of the Anatolian family of languages. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields The Carian language was the language of the Carians. It was an Anatolian language, apparently closer to Lycian than to Lydian. Luwian (sometimes spelled Luvian) is an extinct language of the Anatolian branch of the The Anatolian languages are a group of extinct Indo-European languages which were spoken in Asia Minor, the best attested of them being the Hittite language Other Luwian offshoots include Lycian and Lydian. Lycian (Lycian Trm̃mili) is a modern adjective meaning in this case the inscriptional language of ancient Lycia as well as its presumed spoken counterpart Lydian was an Indo-European language spoken in the region of Lydia in western Anatolia (present-day Turkey) Carian inscriptions were deciphered in 1960s by Vitaly Shevoroshkin. Vitaly Victorovich Shevoroshkin, Russ Виталий Викторович Шеворошкин is an American linguist of Russian origin specializing in the study of ancient Bronze Age Karkiya aided the confederacy of Assuwa against Tudhaliya I. Tudhaliya I (sometimes referred to as Tudhaliya II, or even Tudhaliya I/II was a king of the Hittite empire (New kingdom ca But later, in 1323 BC, Arnuwandas II was able to write to Karkiya for them to provide asylum for the deposed Manapa-Tarhunta of Seha River. Arnuwanda II was a king of the Hittite Empire (new kingdom ca The Karkiyans did so, and allowed Manapa-Tarhunta to take back his kingdom. Unlike the Luwiyans in the Near East, the Karkiyans did not retain their literacy through the Dark Age. They next appear in records of the eighth century BC. The golden armour of Amphimachos mentioned by Homer clearly reflects a reputation of Carian wealth that may precede the Greek Dark Age and be recalled in oral tradition or be contemporaneous with late eighth-century Homer. The Carians are clearly mentioned at 2 Kings 11:4 and possibly at Samuel 8:18, 15:18, and 20:23. The Books of Kings ( Sefer Melachim, ספר מלכים are a part of Judaism 's Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible. The Books of Samuel ( Hebrew: Sefer Sh'muel ספר שמואל are part of the Tanakh (part of Judaism 's Hebrew Bible) and also of Carians are also named as mercenaries in inscriptions found in ancient Egypt and Nubia, dated to the reigns of Psammetichus I and II. A mercenary is a person who takes part in an armed conflict who is not a national or a party to the conflict and is "motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. This article is about the region in Africa for other uses see Nubia (disambiguation. They are sometimes referred to as the Cari or Khari. Carian remnants have been found in the ancient city of Persepolis or modern Takht-e-Jamshid in Iran. Persepolis ( Old Persian: Pārsa, Modern Persian: تخت جمشید/پارسه Takht-e Jamshid or Chehel Minar) was the ceremonial
Carians and Leleges
The Carians were often linked by Greek writers to the Leleges, but the exact nature of the relationship between Carians and Leleges remains mysterious. The Leleges were one of the aboriginal peoples of southwest Anatolia (compare " Pelasgians quot who were already there when the Indo-European Hellenes The two groups seem to have been distinct, but later intermingled with each other. Strabo (7. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. 321; 13. 611) wrote that they were so intermingled that they were often confounded with each other. However, Athenaeus (6. Athenaeus ( Ancient Greek - Athếnaios Naukratios Latin Athenaeus Naucratita of Naucratis in Egypt Greek rhetorician and grammarian flourished 271) stated that the Leleges stood in relation to the Carians as the Helots stood to the Lacedaemonians. The helots (in Classical Greek / Heílôtes) were an unfree population group that formed the For the Laconian dialect see Doric Greek For the Ancient Kingdom see Sparta For the laconic expression see Laconic This confusion of the two peoples is found also in Herodotus (1. 171), who wrote that the Carians, when they were allegedly living amid the Cyclades, were known as Leleges.
Religion
One of the Carian ritual centers was Mylasa, where they worshipped their supreme god, called 'the Carian Zeus' by Herodotus. Milas (ancient Mylasa Μύλασα) is an ancient city in southwestern Turkey. Unlike Zeus, this was a warrior god. Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology One of the Carian goddesses was Hecate, who was later adopted by the Greeks in the sixth century BCE. Hecate ( Greek: Ἑκάτη, "far-shooting") Hekate ( Hekátê She was the patron of road crossings. Herodotus calls her Athena and says that her priestess would grow a beard when disaster pended (Histories 8. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN. 104). On Mount Latmos near Miletus, the Carians worshipped Endymion, who was the lover of the Moon and fathered fifty children. Latmus ( Ancient Greek Λάτμος, Latmos Turkish Beşparmak Dağı) is a ridge of many spurs running in an east-west direction along the the Miletus (mī lē' təs ( Ancient Greek: Μίλητος literally Transliterated Milētos, Latin Miletus) was an Ancient Endymion slept eternally, in the sanctuary devoted to him, which lasted into Roman times. Temenos ( from the Greek verb "to cut" plural temene is a piece of land cut off and assigned as an official domain especially to kings
See also
Notes
External links
Municipalities of Caria Cramer's detailed catalog of Carian towns in Classical Greece is based entirely on ancient sources The Carian language was the language of the Carians. It was an Anatolian language, apparently closer to Lycian than to Lydian. The Mysians (Mysi were the inhabitants of Mysia, a region in northwestern Asia Minor. Defining Lydia Aside from a legend related by Herodotus, who states that the name Lydia came from king Lydus at the time of the fall of Troy "Sidyma" redirects here For the Moth Genus named thus see Sidyma (moth. Various Alphabetic writing systems were in use in Iron Age Anatolia to record Anatolian dialects and the Phrygian language.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic