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Carduelis
The European Goldfinch belongs to a group of red- or yellow-faced species.
The European Goldfinch belongs to a group of red- or yellow-faced species. The Goldfinch or European Goldfinch ( Carduelis carduelis) is a small Passerine Bird in the Finch family
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Fringillidae
Genus: Carduelis (but see article text)
Brisson, 1760
Species

Many, see text
Synonyms

Acanthis
Linaria
Chloris
(but see article text)

The genus Carduelis[1] is a large group of birds in the finch family Fringillidae. Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Finches are Passerine Birds often Seed -eating found chiefly in the northern hemisphere and Africa. Mathurin Jacques Brisson ( 30 April 1723 &ndash 23 June 1806) was a French Zoologist and natural philosopher Year 1760 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. The Redpolls are a group of small Passerine Birds in the Finch family Fringillidae which have characteristic red markings on their heads A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Finches are Passerine Birds often Seed -eating found chiefly in the northern hemisphere and Africa. In Biological classification, family ( Latin It includes the greenfinches, redpolls, goldfinches, linnets, the twite, and the non-African siskins. The Redpolls are a group of small Passerine Birds in the Finch family Fringillidae which have characteristic red markings on their heads Introduction The Linnet, Carduelis cannabina, is a small Passerine Bird in the Finch family Fringillidae The Twite, Carduelis flavirostris, is a small Passerine Bird in the Finch family Fringillidae For the aeroplane see Armstrong Whitworth Siskin A number of small Birds in the Finch family Fringillidae are named as siskins No species of this group ranges far into Africa (where they are replaced by the related genus Serinus), and the centers of evolution were probably Eurasia and North America, with a secondary radiation in the Neotropics. The genus Serinus is a large genus of Birds in the Finch family Fringillidae found mostly in the Afrotropical region with some outlying species For the superstate in George Orwell 's novel see Nations of Nineteen Eighty-Four. In Biogeography, Neotropic or Neotropical refers to one of the world's eight terrestrial Ecozones This ecozone includes South and Central America the

The interrelationship of these species is complex and contentious. It is fairly certain that the crossbills are actually derived from proto-redpoll ancestors quite recently, and it was suggested that they should be placed in the same genus, for which the name Loxia would then have priority. The crossbills are birds in the Finch family Fringillidae. The three to five (or possibly many more species are all classified in the genus Loxia The crossbills are birds in the Finch family Fringillidae. The three to five (or possibly many more species are all classified in the genus Loxia On the other hand, the greenfinches (which are apparently the most distinct group) and the redpolls have themselves been separated in distinct genera which might be the best way to express both the actual evolutionary relationships and the evolutionarily significant distinctiveness of the crossbills. The molecular data indicates that the major lineages split in the Late Miocene (Tortonian, roughly 9-7 mya), but it is unable to suggest any one robust arrangement either of the major groups among each other, among the lineages of Carduelis sensu stricto, or indeed among two separate Serinus lineages (Ryan et al, 2004). The Miocene is a geological epoch of the Neogene period and extends from about 23 Tortonian is a Age of the late Miocene epoch that spans the time between 11 In Astronomy, Geology, and Paleontology, mya or " mya " is an abbreviation for "million years ago". The genus Serinus is a large genus of Birds in the Finch family Fringillidae found mostly in the Afrotropical region with some outlying species As only the mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence has hitherto been studied (Arnaiz-Villena et al. Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) is the DNA located in Organelles called mitochondria. Cytochrome b/b6 is main subunit of transmembrane cytochrome bc1 and b6f complexes A DNA sequence or genetic sequence is a succession of letters representing the Primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA Molecule , 1998), more data is clearly necessary.

Here, the species of Carduelis sensu lato are listed according to current knowledge. The genus Carduelis sensu stricto could conceivably be split further, and in this case only the European Goldfinch and the Citril and Corsican Finch (newly placed in his genus) would remain in Carduelis.

Contents

Greenfinches

(Sub)Genus Chloris

Redpolls

(Sub)Genus Acanthis

Crossbills

(Sub)Genus Loxia

Carduelis sensu stricto

Carduelis group

Linaria group - linnets and Twite

Spinus group - American goldfinches and siskins

American goldfinches

Northern siskins

Neotropical siskins

Fossil species

Possible Carduelis species

These species may be related to various groups or subgenera currently classified as members of Carduelis but have yet to be studied biochemically:

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ From Latin carduus, "thistle". Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Carduus is a genus of about 90 species of Thistles in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe, Asia and Africa. Thistle seeds are a favorite food of many species.

External links

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