A card game is any game using playing cards, either traditional or game-specific. A game is a structured activity, usually undertaken for Enjoyment and sometimes also used as an Educational tool A playing card is a piece of specially prepared heavy paper thin card or thin plastic figured with distinguishing motifs and used as one of a set for playing Card games Countless card games exist, including families of related games (such as poker). Poker is a type of Card game in which players bet on the value of the card combination (" hand " in their possession by placing a bet into Some games have formally standardized rules, while rules for others can vary by region, culture, and person.
The deck
A card game is played with a deck of cards intended for that game that are identical in size and shape. A playing card is a piece of specially prepared heavy paper thin card or thin plastic figured with distinguishing motifs and used as one of a set for playing Card games Each card has two sides, the face and the back. The backs of the cards in a deck are indistinguishable. Card marking is the process of altering Playing cards such that the suit rank or both are only apparent to the person marking the cards (or potentially another conspirator usually The faces of the cards in a deck may all be unique, or may include duplicates, depending on the game. In either case, any card is readily identifiable by its face. The set of cards that make up the deck are known to all of the players using that deck.
Although many games have special decks of cards, the standard deck contains 52 cards in four suits (clubs, diamonds, hearts, and spades) and thirteen ranks running from two (deuce) to ten, jack, queen, king, and ace. In addition to games that use the standard deck, there are also games that use some modification of the standard deck, for example removing all cards of rank lower than some rank (as in a pinochle deck), adding a special card (joker) to the standard deck, or rearranging the ranks of the cards. Pinochle (sometimes Pinocle, or Penuchle) is a Trick-taking game typically for two three or four players and played with a 48 card deck The Joker is a special card found in most modern decks of Playing cards or a Mahjong tile in some Mahjong game sets Many European regions have their own variants of the standard deck having different names and imagery for suits, or having a different set of ranks in the cards.
There are also some card games that require multiple standard decks. In this scenario, a "deck" refers to a set of 52 cards or a single deck, while a "pack" or "shoe" (blackjack) refers to the collection of "decks" as a whole. Blackjack (also known as Twenty-one, Vingt-et-un (French for Twenty-one or Pontoon) is the most widely played casino banking
The deal
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In games where cards are distributed among players, 'deal' is the act of that distribution. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Dealing is done either clockwise or counterclockwise. If this is omitted from the rules, then it is assumed to be:
- clockwise for games from North America, North and West Europe and Russia;
- counterclockwise for South and East Europe, Asia, South America and also for Swiss games.
A player is chosen to deal. That person takes all of the cards in the pack, arranges them so that they are in a uniform stack, and shuffles them. Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of Playing cards to provide an element of chance in Card games Shuffling is often followed by a There are various techniques of shuffling, all intended to put the cards into a random order. During the shuffle, the dealer holds the cards so that he or she and the other players cannot see any of their faces.
After the shuffle, the dealer sometimes offers the deck to another player to cut the deck. After a deck of cards is Shuffled by the dealer it is often given to a player other than the one who performed the shuffle for a procedure called a cut. If the deal is clockwise, this is the player to the dealer's right; if counterclockwise, it is the player to the dealer's left. The invitation to cut is made by placing the pack, face downward, on the table near the player who is to cut: who then lifts the upper portion of the pack clear of the lower portion and places it alongside. The formerly lower portion is then replaced on top of the formerly upper portion.
The dealer then deals the cards. This is done by dealer holding the pack, face down, in one hand, and removing cards from the top of it with her other hand to distribute to the players, placing them face down on the table in front of the players to whom they are dealt. The rules of the game will specify the details of the deal. It normally starts with the player next to the dealer in the direction of play and continues in the same direction around the table. The cards may be dealt one at a time, or in groups. Dependent on the rules all or a determined amount of cards are dealt out. The undealt cards, if any, are left face down in the middle of the table, forming the talon, skat, or stock. The player who received the first card from the deal may be known as eldest hand, or forehand.
Throughout the shuffle, cut, and deal, the dealer should prevent the players from seeing the faces of any of the cards. The players should not try to see any of the faces. Should a player accidentally see a card, other than one's own, proper etiquette would be to admit this. It is also dishonest to try to see cards as they are dealt, or to take advantage of having seen a card. Should a card accidentally become exposed, (visible to all), then, normally, any player can demand a redeal (all the cards are gathered up, and the shuffle, cut, and deal are repeated).
When the deal is complete, all players pick up their cards, or hand, and hold them in such a way that the faces can be seen by the holder of the cards but not the other players, or vice versa depending on the game. It is helpful to fan one's cards out so that if they have corner indices all their values can be seen at once. In most games, it is also useful to sort one's hand, rearranging the cards in a way appropriate to the game. For example, in a trick taking game it may be easier to have all one's cards of the same suit together, whereas in a rummy game one might sort them by rank or by potential combinations. A Trick-taking game is any one of a class of Card games where play centers around a series of finite rounds or units of play called tricks. Rummy is a group of Card games notable for gameplay based on the matching of similar Playing cards.
The rules
A new card game starts in a small way, either as someone's invention, or as a modification of an existing game. Those playing it may agree to change the rules as they wish. The rules that they agree on become the "house rules" under which they play the game. A set of house rules may be accepted as valid by a group of players wherever they play. It may also be accepted as governing all play within a particular house, café, or club.
When a game becomes sufficiently popular, so that people often play it with strangers, there is a need for a generally accepted set of rules. This is often met by a particular set of house rules becoming generally recognised. For example, when whist became popular in 18th-century England, players in the Portland Club agreed on a set of house rules for use on its premises. Whist is a classic trick-taking Card game which was played widely in the 18th and 19th centuries England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Portland Club is a London card-playing Game club, the recognized authority on the games of Whist and bridge. Players in some other clubs then agreed to follow the "Portland Club" rules, rather than go to the trouble of codifying and printing their own sets of rules. The Portland Club rules eventually became generally accepted throughout England.
There is nothing "official" about this process. If you decide to play whist seriously, it would be sensible to learn the Portland Club rules, so that you can play with other people who already know these rules. Whist is a classic trick-taking Card game which was played widely in the 18th and 19th centuries But if you only play whist with your family, you are likely to ignore these rules, and just use what rules you choose. If you play whist seriously with a group of friends, you are still perfectly free, as a group, to devise your own set of rules, should you want to.
It is sometimes said that the "official" or "correct" sets of rules governing a card game are those "in Hoyle". Edmond Hoyle was an 18th-century Englishman who published a number of books about card games. Edmond Hoyle (1672 - August 29, 1769) also known as Edmund Hoyle, is a writer best known for his works on the rules and play of Card games The His books were popular, especially his treatise on how to become a good whist player. After (and even before) his death, many publishers have taken advantage of his popularity by placing his name on their books of rules. The presence of his name on a rule book has no significance at all. The rules given in the book may be no more than the opinion of the author.
If there is a sense in which a card game can have an "official" set of rules, it is when that card game has an "official" governing body. For example, the rules of tournament bridge are governed by the World Bridge Federation, and by local bodies in various countries such as the American Contract Bridge League in the U. Contract bridge, usually known simply as bridge, is a trick-taking Card game of skill and chance (the relative proportions depending The American Contract Bridge League (ACBL is the largest bridge organization in North America. S. , and the English Bridge Union in England. The English Bridge Union, commonly known as the EBU, is a membership-funded organisation which promotes and organises the game of Duplicate bridge in England The rules of skat are governed by The International Skat Players Association and in Germany by the Deutsche Skatverband which publishes the Skatordnung. Skat is (along with Doppelkopf) the most popular Card game in Germany and Silesia. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The rules of French tarot are governed by the Fédération Française de Tarot. The FFT or Fédération Française de Tarot was founded in Paris on October 1, 1973 for establishing official rules and tournaments for the French Tarot card game But there is no compulsion to follow the rules put out by these organisations. If you and your friends decide to play a game by a set of rules unknown to the game's official body, you are doing nothing illegal.
Many widely-played card games have no official regulating body. An example is Canasta. Canasta is a matching card game in which the object is to create melds of cards of the same rank and then go out by playing or discarding all the cards
Rule infractions
An infraction is any action which is against the rules of the game, such as playing a card when it is not one's turn to play and the accidental exposure of a card.
In many official sets of rules for card games, the rules specifying the penalties for various infractions occupy more pages than the rules specifying how to play correctly. This is tedious, but necessary for games that are played seriously. Players who intend to play a card game at a high level generally ensure before beginning that all agree on the penalties to be used. When playing privately, this will normally be a question of agreeing house rules. In a tournament there will probably be a tournament director who will enforce the rules when required and arbitrate in cases of doubt.
If a player breaks the rules of a game deliberately, this is cheating. Most card players would refuse to play cards with a known cheat. The rest of this section is therefore about accidental infractions, caused by ignorance, clumsiness, inattention, etc.
As the same game is played repeatedly among a group of players, precedents build up about how a particular infraction of the rules should be handled. For example, "Sheila just led a card when it wasn't her turn. Last week when Jo did that, we agreed . . . etc. ". Sets of such precedents tend to become established among groups of players, and to be regarded as part of the house rules. Sets of house rules become formalised, as described in the previous section. Therefore, for some games, there is a "proper" way of handling infractions of the rules. But for many games, without governing bodies, there is no standard way of handling infractions.
In many circumstances, there is no need for special rules dealing with what happens after an infraction. As a general principle, the person who broke a rule should not benefit by it, and the other players should not lose by it. An exception to this may be made in games with fixed partnerships, in which it may be felt that the partner(s) of the person who broke a rule should also not benefit. The penalty for an accidental infraction should be as mild as reasonable, consistent with there being no possible benefit to the person responsible.
Types of card games
Trick-taking games
- See also: Trick-taking game and List of trick-taking games
The object of a trick-taking game is to take (or avoid taking) tricks, or groups of cards played simultaneously or in turn. A Trick-taking game is any one of a class of Card games where play centers around a series of finite rounds or units of play called tricks. The trick-taking genre of card games is one of the most common varieties found in every part of the world
Rummy-style games
- See also: Rummy and Category:Matching card games
The object of Rummy-style games is to play groups of matching cards before your opponent(s). Rummy is a group of Card games notable for gameplay based on the matching of similar Playing cards.
Casino or gambling card games
- 3-card poker
- 400 (card game)
- Acey Deucey
- Baccarat
- Bingo
- Blackjack
- Blackjack switch
- Blind Hookey
- Bourré
- Caribbean stud poker
- Casino war
- Faro (card game)
- Liar's poker
- Omaha
- Oicho-Kabu
- Poker
- Primero
- Red Dog
- Seven card brag
- Seven card stud
- Teen patti
- Texas hold 'em
- Thirty-one
- Thirteen card brag
- Three card brag
Solitaire (or Patience) games
- See also: Solitaire and Category:Solitaire card games
Shedding games
The object of a shedding game is to get rid of all of one's cards. A casino is in the modern sense of the word a facility that houses and accommodates certain types of Gambling activities Three card poker (trademarked name or tricard poker is a poker-based game that is played in casinos. 400 is a Lebanese trick-taking card game played in partnership with a standard deck of 52 Playing cards The object of the game is to be the Acey Deucey ( In-Between) is a simple card game that involves betting Baccarat is a casino Card game. It is believed to have been introduced into France from Italy during the reign of Charles VIII of France Bingo is a Gambling Card game named by analogy to the game bingo. Blackjack (also known as Twenty-one, Vingt-et-un (French for Twenty-one or Pontoon) is the most widely played casino banking Blackjack Switch is a variant of Blackjack in which a player is dealt two hands and is allowed to swap the top two cards between hands Blind Hookey is a Card game played with a full pack of cards sometimes used for the purpose of Gambling. Bourré (also commonly known as Bouré and Boo-Ray) is a trick-taking Gambling Card game primarily played in the Acadiana Caribbean stud poker is a Casino table game with rules similar to five card stud Poker. Casino war is a Casino Card game based on the children's game of War. Faro is a card game, a descendant of Basset. It enjoyed great popularity during the 18th century particularly in England and France, and in For the book by Michael Lewis see Liar's Poker. Liar's poker is a bar game that combines statistical reasoning with bluffing and is played Omaha hold 'em (or Omaha holdem or simply Omaha) is a Community card poker game similar to Texas hold 'em, where each player is dealt four cards Oicho-Kabu (おいちょかぶ is a traditional Japanese Gambling game similar to the Western games Blackjack and Baccarat. Poker is a type of Card game in which players bet on the value of the card combination (" hand " in their possession by placing a bet into Primero was a popular 16th-century gambling Card game. Thought to have been invented in the late 15th century in Italy, it soon spread to most of western Europe and Red Dog, also known as Red Dog Poker or Yablon, is a Game of chance played with cards. Three card brag is a unique British Card game which is similar to Poker but varies in betting style and hand rankings Seven-card stud is a variant of Stud poker. Until the recent increase in popularity of Texas hold 'em, seven-card stud was the most popular poker variant For the film see Teen Patti (film Teen Patti ("Three Cards" in English is a Gambling Card game that originated in India Texas hold 'em (also hold'em, holdem) is the most popular Poker game in the casinos and poker card rooms across North America and Europe Thirty-one (also known as Big Tonka, Blitz, Scat, or Cadillac in south Louisiana is a Card game played by two to seven people Three card brag is a unique British Card game which is similar to Poker but varies in betting style and hand rankings Three card brag is a unique British Card game which is similar to Poker but varies in betting style and hand rankings Solitaire, also called patience, is any of a family of single-player Card games of a generally similar character but varying greatly in detail
- See also: Category:Shedding-type card games
Accumulating games
The object of an accumulating game is to get all the cards.
- See also: Category:Accumulating-type card games
Fishing games
- See also: Category:Fishing card games
Drinking card games
- See also: Category:Drinking card games
Multi-genre games
Collectible card games (CCGs)
- See also: Collectible card game, List of collectible card games, and Category:Collectible card games
Other card games
Many other card games have been designed and published on a commercial or amateur basis. Eleusis is a multi-genre card game where one player chooses a secret rule to determine which cards can be played on top of others and the other players attempt to Poke is a two-player multi-genre card game invented by Sid Sackson and discussed in his book A Gamut of Games. Skitgubbe is a multi-genre card game that originated in Sweden. Tichu is a multi-genre card game; primarily a shedding game that includes elements of Bridge and Poker played between two teams of two players Collectible card games (CCGs also called trading card games (TCGs or customizable card games (CCGs are played using specially designed sets of cards See Collectible card game for information on this genre Numbered links refer to the game's official website Most typically use a specially made deck of cards designed specifically for each game (or variations of it).
- See also: Category:Dedicated deck card games
Fictional card games
- See also: List of fictional games#Card games
See also
External links
This is a list of fictional games, that is Games which were specifically created for works of Fiction, or which otherwise originated in fiction A game of skill is a Game where the outcome is determined mainly by mental and/or physical Skill, rather than by pure chance. A playing card is a piece of specially prepared heavy paper thin card or thin plastic figured with distinguishing motifs and used as one of a set for playing Card games Richard Frederick Foster (1853 - 1945 was a disseminator of the rules of many Card games, including Auction bridge and other Bridge variations Edmond Hoyle (1672 - August 29, 1769) also known as Edmund Hoyle, is a writer best known for his works on the rules and play of Card games The David Parlett is a games scholar who has studied both Card games and Board games His published works include many popular books on games and the authoritative volumes Orlando Carmelo Scarnecchia ( March 4, 1903 - July 7, 1985) was born in Steubenville Ohio, The United States of America and at some Pagatcom is a website containing rules to hundreds of card games from all over the worldDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic