This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single

Contents 1 Material Safety Data Sheet 2 Structure and properties 3 Thermodynamic properties 4 Solubility in water at various temperatures 5 Vapor pressure of solid and liquid 6 Phase diagram 7 Liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data 8 Spectral data 9 References

Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance MSDS for solid carbon dioxide is available from Pacific Dry Ice, inc.

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, nD	?
Dielectric constant, εr	1. The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium Measurement The relative static permittivity εr can be measured for static Electric fields as follows first the Capacitance of a test 60 ε0 at 0 °C, 50 atm
Bond strength	?
Bond length	C–O 120 pm
Bond angle	180. In Chemistry, bond strength is measured between two Atoms joined in a Chemical bond. In Molecular geometry, bond length or bond distance is the average distance between nuclei of two bonded Atoms in a Molecule. Molecular geometry or molecular structure is the three- Dimensional arrangement of the Atoms that constitute a Molecule. 0
Magnetic susceptibility	?
Surface tension	4. In Electromagnetism the magnetic susceptibility ( Latin: susceptibilis “receptiveness” is the degree of Magnetization of a material in response For the work of fiction see Surface Tension (short story. Surface tension is a property of the surface of a Liquid that causes it to 34 dyn/cm at 20°C and equilbrium pressure
Viscosity[1]of liquid at equilibrium pressure	0. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a Fluid which is being deformed by either Shear stress or Extensional stress. 0925 mPa·s at 5°C 0. 0852 mPa·s at 10°C 0. 0712 mPa·s at 20°C 0. 0625 mPa·s at 25°C 0. 0321 mPa·s at 31. 1°C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point	216. In Thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the Temperature and Pressure at which three phases (for example Gas, Liquid 58 K (-56. 57 °C), 518. 5 kPa
Critical point	304. 18 K (31. 03 °C), 7. 38 MPa
Std enthalpy change of fusion, ΔfusHo	8. The standard Enthalpy of fusion (symbol \Delta{}H_{fus} also known as the heat of fusion or specific melting heat, is the amount of 647 kJ/mol at triple point[2]
Std entropy change of fusion, ΔfusSo	? J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change of vaporization,[3] ΔvapHo	15. The entropy of fusion is the increase in Entropy when Melting a substance The enthalpy of vaporization, (symbol \Delta{}_{v}H also known as the heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the Energy required 326 kJ/mol at –57. 5°C
Std entropy change of vaporization, ΔvapSo	70. The entropy of vaporization is the increase in Entropy when Vaporizing a substance 8 J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHosolid	? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, Sosolid	? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp	? J/(mol K)
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHoliquid	? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, Soliquid	? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp	? J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHogas	−393. The standard enthalpy of formation or "standard heat of formation" of a compound is the change of Enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a In Chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the Entropy content of one mole of substance under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the heat energy required to increase the Temperature of a unit quantity The standard enthalpy of formation or "standard heat of formation" of a compound is the change of Enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a In Chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the Entropy content of one mole of substance under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the heat energy required to increase the Temperature of a unit quantity The standard enthalpy of formation or "standard heat of formation" of a compound is the change of Enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a 52 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, Sogas	213. In Chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the Entropy content of one mole of substance under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure 79 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity,[4] cp	33. Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the heat energy required to increase the Temperature of a unit quantity 89 J/(mol K) at –75°C 36. 33 J/(mol K) at 0°C 36. 61 J/(mol K) at 15°C 38. 01 J/(mol K) at 100°C 43. 81 J/(mol K) at 400°C 50. 87 J/(mol K) at 1000°C 56. 91 J/(mol K) at 2000°C 53. 01 J/(mol K) at 38°C, 2457 kPa 60. 01 J/(mol K) at 38°C, 5482 kPa 183. 1 J/(mol K) at 38°C, 8653 kPa
Heat capacity ratio[4] γ = cp/cv	1. Ideal gas relations For an ideal gas the heat capacity is constant with temperature 37 at –75°C 1. 310 at 0°C 1. 304 at 15°C 1. 281 at 100°C 1. 235 at 400°C 1. 195 at 1000°C 1. 171 at 2000°C
van der Waals' constants[5]	a = 363. The van der Waals equation is an Equation of state for a Fluid composed of particles that have a non-zero size and a pairwise attractive inter-particle Force 96 L2 kPa/mol2 b = 0. 04267 liter per mole
Equilibrium with carbon monoxide[6] CO + ½O2 → CO2 K = pK = log10 K	pK = 45. Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO is a colorless odorless tasteless yet highly toxic Gas. 0438 at T = 298. 16 K pK = 25. 0054 at T = 500 K pK = 16. 5383 at T = 700 K pK = 11. 8409 at T = 900 K pK = 8. 8583 at T = 1100 K pK = 6. 7989 at T = 1300 K pK = 5. 2943 at T = 1500 K

Solubility in water at various temperatures

Aqueous Solubility of CO2 at 101. 3 kPa (1 atm) partial pressure[7]
Temperature ‡Dissolved CO2 volume per volume H2O grams CO2 per 100 ml H2O 0 °C 1. The Standard atmosphere is an international reference pressure defined as 101325 Pa and formerly used as unit of Pressure (symbol atm In a mixture of Ideal gases each gas has a partial pressure which is the pressure which the gas would have if it alone occupied the volume 713 0. 3346 1 °C 1. 646 0. 3213 2 °C 1. 527 0. 3091 3 °C 1. 527 0. 2978 4 °C 1. 473 0. 2871 5 °C 1. 424 0. 2774 6 °C 1. 377 0. 2681 7 °C 1. 331 0. 2589 8 °C 1. 282 0. 2492 9 °C 1. 237 0. 2403 10 °C 1. 194 0. 2318 11 °C 1. 154 0. 2239 12 °C 1. 117 0. 2165 13 °C 1. 083 0. 2098 14 °C 1. 050 0. 2032 15 °C 1. 019 0. 1970 16 °C 0. 985 0. 1903 17 °C 0. 956 0. 1845		Temperature ‡Dissolved CO2 volume per volume H2O grams CO2 per 100 ml H2O 18 °C 0. 928 0. 1789 19 °C 0. 902 0. 1737 20 °C 0. 878 0. 1688 21 °C 0. 854 0. 1640 22 °C 0. 829 0. 1590 23 °C 0. 804 0. 1540 24 °C 0. 781 0. 1493 25 °C 0. 759 0. 1449 26 °C 0. 738 0. 1406 27 °C 0. 718 0. 1366 28 °C 0. 699 0. 1327 29 °C 0. 682 0. 1292 30 °C 0. 655 0. 1257 35 °C 0. 592 0. 1105 40 °C 0. 530 0. 0973 45 °C 0. 479 0. 0860 50 °C 0. 436 0. 0761 60 °C 0. 359 0. 0576

• ^‡Second column of table indicates solubility at each given temperature in volume of CO₂ as it would be measured at 101. 3 kPa and 0 °C per volume of water.
• The solubility is given for "pure water", i. e. , water which contain only CO₂. This water is going to be acidic. For example, at 25 °C the pH of 3. pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a Solution. 9 is expected (see carbonic acid). Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H2CO3 At less acidic pH values, the solubility will increase because of the pH-dependent speciation of CO₂. pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a Solution.

Vapor pressure of solid and liquid

P in mm Hg		1	10	40	100	400	760	1520	3800	7600	15200	30400	45600
P in atm (2sf, derived from mm Hg)		0. 0013	0. 013	0. 053	0. 13	0. 53	1. 0	2. 0	5. 0	10	20	40	60
P in kPa (derived from mm Hg / atm)		0. 13	1. 3	5. 3	13	53	101. 325	202. 65	506. 625	1013. 25	2026. 5	4053	6079. 5
T in °C		–134. 3(s)	–119. 5(s)	–108. 6(s)	–100. 2(s)	–85. 7(s)	–78. 2(s)	–69. 1(s)	–56. 7	–39. 5	–18. 9	5. 9	22. 4

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. Annotation "(s)" indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid. For kPa values, where datum is whole numbers of atmospheres exact kPa values are given, elsewhere 2 significant figures derived from mm Hg data.

Phase diagram

Liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data

The table below gives thermodynamic data of liquid CO₂ in equilibrium with its vapor at various temperatures. Heat content data, heat of vaporization, and entropy values are relative to the liquid state at 0°C temperature and 3483 kPa pressure. To convert heat values to joules per mole values, multiply by 44. 095 grams/mole. To convert densities to moles/liter, multiply by 22. 678 cm³-mole/liter-gram. Data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. pages 2560-2561, except for critical temperature line (31. 1°C) and temperatures –30°C and below, which are taken from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1463.

Carbon dioxide liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data
Temp. °C	Pvap Vapor pressure kPa	Hliq Heat content liquid J/g	Hvap Heat content vapor J/g	ΔvapHo Heat of vapor- ization J/g	ρvap Density of vapor g/cm3	ρliq Density of liquid g/cm3	Sliq Entropy liquid J/mol-°C	Svap Entropy vapor J/mol-°C
–56. The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. A cubic centimetre or cubic centimeter (symbol cm3 —the abbreviation cc, though widely used is deprecated is a commonly used unit of Volume For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. A cubic centimetre or cubic centimeter (symbol cm3 —the abbreviation cc, though widely used is deprecated is a commonly used unit of Volume The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of Amount of substance: it is an SI base unit, and almost the only unit to be used to measure this The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of Amount of substance: it is an SI base unit, and almost the only unit to be used to measure this 6	518. 3					1. 179
–56. 0	531. 8					1. 177
–54. 0	579. 1					1. 169
–52. 0	629. 6					1. 162
–50. 0	683. 4					1. 155
–48. 0	740. 6					1. 147
–46. 0	801. 3					1. 139
–44. 0	865. 6					1. 131
–42. 0	933. 8					1. 124
–40. 0	1005. 7					1. 116
–38. 0	1081. 6					1. 108
–36. 0	1161. 8					1. 100
–34. 0	1246. 2					1. 092
–32. 0	1335. 1					1. 084
-30. 0	1428. 6					1. 075
–28. 89	1521	–55. 69	237. 1	292. 9	0. 03846	1. 0306	–9. 48	43. 41
–27. 78	1575	–53. 76	237. 3	291. 0	0. 03987	1. 0276	–9. 13	43. 21
–26. 67	1630	–51. 84	237. 6	289. 4	0. 04133	1. 0242	–8. 78	43. 01
–25. 56	1686	–49. 87	237. 6	287. 5	0. 04283	1. 0209	–8. 45	42. 78
–24. 44	1744	–47. 91	237. 8	285. 7	0. 04440	1. 0170	–8. 10	42. 56
–23. 33	1804	–45. 94	237. 8	283. 6	0. 04600	1. 0132	–7. 75	42. 36
–22. 22	1866	–43. 93	237. 8	281. 7	0. 04767	1. 0093	–7. 40	42. 14
–21. 11	1928	–41. 92	237. 8	279. 6	0. 04938	1. 0053	–7. 05	42. 94
–20. 00	1993	–39. 91	237. 8	277. 8	0. 05116	1. 0011	–6. 68	41. 71
–18. 89	2059	–37. 86	237. 8	275. 7	0. 05300	0. 9968	–6. 31	41. 49
–17. 78	2114	–35. 82	237. 6	273. 6	0. 05489	0. 9923	–5. 98	41. 27
–16. 67	2197	–33. 73	237. 6	271. 2	0. 05686	0. 9875	–5. 61	41. 05
–15. 56	2269	–31. 64	237. 3	269. 2	0. 05888	0. 9829	–5. 26	40. 83
–14. 44	2343	–29. 54	237. 3	266. 9	0. 06098	0. 9782	–4. 91	40. 61
–13. 33	2418	–27. 41	237. 1	264. 5	0. 06314	0. 9734	–4. 54	40. 39
–12. 22	2495	–25. 27	236. 9	262. 2	0. 06539	0. 9665	–4. 17	40. 15
–11. 11	2574	–23. 09	236. 7	259. 7	0. 06771	0. 9639	–3. 80	39. 92
–10. 00	2654	–20. 90	236. 4	257. 3	0. 07011	0. 9592	–3. 43	39. 68
–8. 89	2738	–18. 69	235. 9	254. 8	0. 07259	0. 9543	–3. 06	39. 46
–7. 78	2823	–16. 45	235. 7	252. 2	0. 07516	0. 9494	–2. 69	39. 22
–6. 67	2910	–14. 18	235. 2	249. 4	0. 07783	0. 9443	–2. 32	38. 98
–5. 56	2999	–11. 90	234. 8	246. 6	0. 08059	0. 9393	–1. 94	38. 74
–4. 44	3090	–9. 977	234. 3	243. 8	0. 08347	0. 9340	–1. 57	38. 50
–3. 89	3136	–8. 410	234. 1	242. 4	0. 08494	0. 9313	–1. 37	38. 37
–2. 78	3230	–6. 046	233. 6	239. 7	0. 08797	0. 9260	–0. 98	38. 12
–1. 67	3327	–3. 648	232. 9	236. 6	0. 09111	0. 9206	–0. 59	37. 88
–0. 56	3425	–1. 222	232. 4	233. 6	0. 09438	0. 9150	–0. 20	37. 62
0. 56	3526	1. 234	231. 7	230. 5	0. 09776	0. 9094	0. 20	37. 36
1. 67	3629	3. 728	231. 0	227. 3	0. 1013	0. 9036	0. 61	37. 08
2. 78	3735	6. 268	230. 4	224. 0	0. 1050	0. 8975	1. 01	36. 83
3. 89	3981	8. 445	229. 4	220. 5	0. 1088	0. 8914	1. 42	36. 55
5. 00	3953	11. 46	228. 5	217. 0	0. 1128	0. 8850	1. 83	36. 25
6. 11	4067	14. 13	227. 6	213. 4	0. 1169	0. 8784	2. 25	35. 98
7. 22	4182	16. 85	226. 5	209. 7	0. 1213	0. 8716	2. 69	35. 68
8. 33	4300	19. 63	225. 4	205. 8	0. 1258	0. 8645	3. 12	35. 39
9. 44	4420	22. 46	224. 3	201. 8	0. 1306	0. 8571	3. 56	35. 07
10. 56	4544	25. 36	223. 1	197. 7	0. 1355	0. 8496	4. 02	34. 76
11. 67	4670	28. 33	221. 8	193. 4	0. 1408	0. 8418	4. 48	34. 45
12. 78	4798	31. 35	220. 3	188. 9	0. 1463	0. 8338	4. 94	34. 11
13. 89	4929	34. 49	218. 8	184. 3	0. 1521	0. 8254	5. 42	33. 76
15. 00	5063	37. 30	217. 2	179. 5	0. 1583	0. 8168	5. 92	33. 41
16. 11	5200	41. 03	215. 1	174. 4	0. 1648	0. 8076	6. 42	33. 02
17. 22	5340	44. 48	213. 6	169. 1	0. 1717	0. 7977	6. 96	32. 66
18. 33	5482	48. 03	211. 5	163. 5	0. 1791	0. 7871	7. 49	32. 25
19. 44	5628	51. 71	209. 4	157. 6	0. 1869	0. 7759	8. 04	31. 83
20. 56	5776	55. 61	207. 0	151. 4	0. 1956	0. 7639	8. 63	31. 38
21. 67	5928	59. 66	204. 3	144. 7	0. 2054	0. 7508	9. 24	30. 90
22. 78	6083	63. 97	201. 5	137. 5	0. 2151	0. 7367	9. 89	30. 39
23. 89	6240	68. 58	198. 4	129. 8	0. 2263	0. 7216	10. 57	29. 85
25. 00	6401	73. 51	194. 8	121. 3	0. 2387	0. 7058	11. 31	29. 24
26. 11	6565	78. 91	190. 7	111. 8	0. 2532	0. 6894	12. 10	28. 60
27. 22	6733	84. 94	186. 0	101. 1	0. 2707	0. 6720	12. 99	27. 84
28. 33	6902	91. 88	180. 4	88. 49	0. 2923	0. 6507	14. 00	26. 95
29. 44	7081	100. 4	173. 1	72. 72	0. 3204	0. 6209	15. 24	25. 85
30. 00	7164	105. 6	168. 4	62. 76	0. 3378	0. 5992	16. 01	25. 15
30. 56	7253	112. 3	162. 3	50. 04	0. 3581	0. 5661	16. 99	24. 24
31. 1	7391			0. 00	0. 4641	0. 4641
Temp. °C	Pvap Vapor pressure kPa	Hliq Heat content liquid J/g	Hvap Heat content vapor J/g	ΔvapHo Heat of vapor- ization J/g	ρvap Density of vapor g/cm3	ρliq Density of liquid g/cm3	Sliq Entropy liquid J/mol-°C	Svap Entropy vapor J/mol-°C

Spectral data

UV-Vis
λmax	? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε	?
IR
Major absorption bands	2350 and 667 cm−1
NMR
Proton NMR
Carbon-13 NMR
Other NMR data
MS
Masses of main fragments

References

1. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. A cubic centimetre or cubic centimeter (symbol cm3 —the abbreviation cc, though widely used is deprecated is a commonly used unit of Volume For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. A cubic centimetre or cubic centimeter (symbol cm3 —the abbreviation cc, though widely used is deprecated is a commonly used unit of Volume The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of Amount of substance: it is an SI base unit, and almost the only unit to be used to measure this The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of Amount of substance: it is an SI base unit, and almost the only unit to be used to measure this Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry ( UV/ VIS) involves the Spectroscopy of Photons in the UV-visible Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry ( UV/ VIS) involves the Spectroscopy of Photons in the UV-visible A nanometre ( American spelling: nanometer, symbol nm) ( Greek: νάνος nanos dwarf; μετρώ metrό count) is a Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation especially visible Light. Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of A centimetre ( American spelling: centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one hundredth Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy, is the name given to a technique which exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei Proton NMR (also Hydrogen-1 NMR, or 1HNMR) is the application of Nuclear magnetic resonance in NMR spectroscopy Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that identifies the chemical composition of a compound or sample based on the Mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles pp 1669-1674
2. ^ Gas Encyclopaedia. Air Liquide. Retrieved on 1 June 2007.
3. ^ ^{a b} Pure Component Properties (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved on 8 May 2007.
4. ^ ^{a b} Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed, pp 1525-1528
5. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed, pp 1522-1524
6. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp 1573-1576
7. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. , p 1100

• NIST Chemistry WebBook

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure. In Physical sciences standard conditions for temperature and pressure are Standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements to allow comparisons to be made

Disclaimer applies.

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic