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For other uses of the word "carat", see Carat.

The carat (abbreviation ct or Kt) is a measure of the purity of gold alloys. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 An alloy is a Solid solution or Homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a Metal, which itself has In the United States and Canada, the spelling karat is used, while the spelling carat is used to refer to the measure of mass for gemstones (see Carat (mass)). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The carat is a unit of Mass used for measuring gems and Pearls Currently a carat is defined as exactly 200  mg (0

Contents

Measure

As a measure of purity, one carat is \tfrac{1}{24} purity by mass:

X = 24\,\frac{M_g}{M_m}

where

X is the carat rating of the material,
Mg is the mass of pure gold or platinum in the material, and
Mm is the total mass of the material.

Therefore 24-carat gold is fine (99. 9% Au w/w), 18-carat gold is 75% gold, 12-carat gold is 50% gold, and so forth.

Historically, in England the carat was divisible into four grains, and the grain was divisible into four quarts. For example, a gold alloy of \tfrac{381}{384} fineness (that is, 99. 2% purity) could have been described as being 23-carat, 3-grain, 1-quart gold.

The carat system is increasingly being complemented or superseded by the millesimal fineness system in which the purity of precious metals is denoted by parts per thousand of pure metal in the alloy. Millesimal fineness is a system of denoting the purity of Platinum, Gold and Silver Alloys by parts per thousand of pure metal by mass in Precious Metal is the eighteenth episode in the of the popular American Crime drama, which is set in Las Vegas, Nevada.

The most common carats used for gold in bullion, jewellery making and by goldsmiths are:

Derivation

The word carat is derived from the Greek kerátiōn (κεράτιων), “fruit of the carob”, via Arabic qīrāṭ (قيراط) and Italian. Precious Metal is the eighteenth episode in the of the popular American Crime drama, which is set in Las Vegas, Nevada. Jewellery (also spelled jewelry, see spelling differences) is a personal Ornament, such as a necklace ring or bracelet made from Gemstones A goldsmith is a Metalworker who specializes in working with Gold and other Precious metals usually in modern times to make Jewelry. Millesimal fineness is a system of denoting the purity of Platinum, Gold and Silver Alloys by parts per thousand of pure metal by mass in Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The Carob tree (from Arabic: خروب "kharūb" and Hebrew: חרוב Charuv) Ceratonia siliqua, is a Leguminous Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Carob seeds were used as weights on precision scales because of their reputation for having a uniform weight. However, a 2006 study[1] by Lindsay Turnbull and others found this to not be the case – carob seeds have as much variation in their weights as other seeds. [2] In the distant past, different countries each had their own carat, roughly equivalent to a carob seed. In the mid-16th century, the carat was adopted as a measure of gold purity, roughly equivalent to the Roman siliqua (\tfrac{1}{24} of a golden solidus of Constantine I). The solidus (the Latin word for solid) was originally a Gold coin issued by the Romans. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine As a measure of diamond weight, from 1575, the Greek measure was the equivalent of the Roman siliqua, which was \tfrac{1}{24} of a golden solidus of Constantine; but was likely never used to measure the weight for gold. [3]

Terminology

22/22K - a quality mark indicating the purity of gold most popularly used in india. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 This purity was adapted and practiced by the big jewellers and was latter passed to jewel smiths The first 22 signifies the "Skin purity" of gold jewellery and the second 22 signifies that after melting purity of the gold jewellery will be 22K (22 Karat) or 91. 67% of pure gold. This symbol or stamp is very popular on the gold jewellery business in Asian countries like India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Yemen, and Gulf Countries. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya

This practice was pioneered and introduced in the early mid-1980s by Nemichand Bamalwa & Sons of Kolkata, India, sparking a revolution in India as it forced jewellers to indicate correctly the after-melting purity, and heightened consumer awareness made it a most sought-after stamp or quality mark.

Chuk Kam (玉金) – In Cantonese (Chinese) this term means pure gold, literally "Jade Gold". It is defined as 99. 0% gold minimum with a 1. 0% negative tolerance allowed. [4][5] The quality of gold is guaranteed with a "Certificate of Gold" upon purchases in Hong Kong and Macau. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics.

International caratages of gold jewellery

Region[4] Typical Caratage (fineness)
Arabic countries, Oriental East (China, Hong Kong, Taiwan) 24 carat "Chuk Kam" (99. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. 0% min)
Arabic countries, India,Sri Lanka & subcontinent 22 carat (91. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island 6%)
Arabic countries in Gulf region 21 carat (87. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the 5%), 18 carat (75. 0%) in most Egypt
Europe - Southern / Mediterranean 18 carat (75. 0%)
Europe - Northern / USA etc 8-18 carat (33. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 3 - 75. 0%)
Russia / former USSR 9 (37. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 5%) and 14 carat / old 583 and new 585 проба (58. 5%)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Turnbull et al. This article discusses buying gold as an investment. Gold price The usual benchmark for the price of gold is known as the London Gold Fixing, a twice-daily "Gold brick" redirects here For other uses see Gold brick (disambiguation. A gold coin is a flat disc-shaped piece of Gold that has been minted and issued by a government or private organization Platinum coins are a form of Currency. Platinum has an international currency symbol under ISO 4217 of XPT. (2006)
  2. ^ New Scientist (2006) — review of Turnbull et al. (2006)
  3. ^ Harper, (2001)
  4. ^ a b World Gold Council (2003)
  5. ^ Fallon, (2006)

References

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