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A captaincy is a historical administrative division of the former Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires. Examples of administrative divisions English terms In many of the following terms corresponding to British cultural influence areas of relatively low mean population Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism Each was governed by a captain general. Captain General (and its literal equivalent in several languages is a high Military rank and a gubernatorial title

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In the Portuguese Empire

In the Portuguese Empire, captaincies (capitanias, in Portuguese) were the administrative divisions and hereditary fiefs of the Portuguese state in some of its colonies. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing

Before the discovery of Brazil (1500), there were captaincies in the Portuguese Atlantic possessions of Madeira and the Azores Islands and in other island and settlements along the African coast. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950  mi) from

The most important captaincies were, however, in the colony of Terra de Santa Cruz, or Land of the Holy Cross (modern Brazil). This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. Terra de Santa Cruz (Portuguese for Land of Holy Cross) was the name which was given to the Portuguese colonies in South America that were at the origin Each was delivered to a single captaincy general (capitão-mor, or capitão-donatário), who was a Portuguese nobleman. Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime They were straight stripes of variable height of land, divided parallel to the Equator from the coast to the Tordesilhas Line, created by King John III of Portugal in 1534. The equator (sometimes referred to colloquially as "the Line") is the intersection of the Earth 's surface with the plane perpendicular to the The Treaty of Tordesillas ( Portuguese: Tratado de Tordesilhas, Spanish: Tratado de Tordesillas) signed at Tordesillas (now in John III ( Portuguese: João III ʒuˈɐ̃ũ ( June 7, 1502 &ndash June 11, 1557) nicknamed o Piedoso

Captaincies of Brazil

The captaincies in Brazil were initially fifteen in total, granted to twelve donatários. They were the following:

Captaincy Donatário
Captaincy of Maranhão Fernão Aires and João de Barros
Captaincy of Ceará Antônio Cardoso de Barros
Captaincy of Rio Grande João de Barros / Aires da Cunha
Captaincy of Itamaracá Pero Lopes de Sousa
Captaincy of Pernambuco Duarte Coelho Pereira
Captaincy of Bahia Francisco Pereira Coutinho
Captaincy of Ilhéus Jorge de Figueiredo Correia
Captaincy of Porto Seguro Pero Campos de Tourinho
Captaincy of Espírito Santo Vasco Fernandes Coutinho
Captaincy of São Tomé Pero de Góis da Silveira
Captaincy of São Vicente - 1st section (from Parati to Cabo Frio) Martim Afonso de Sousa
Captaincy of Santo Amaro (from Bertioga to Parati) Pero Lopes de Sousa
Captaincy of São Vicente - 2nd section (from Cananéia to Bertioga) Martim Afonso de Sousa
Captaincy of Santana (from Cananéia to Laguna) Pero Lopes de Sousa

All but two failed. João de Barros (ʒuˈɐ̃w̃ dɨ ˈbaʁuʃ (1496&ndash October 20, 1570) called the Portuguese Livy, is one of the first great João de Barros (ʒuˈɐ̃w̃ dɨ ˈbaʁuʃ (1496&ndash October 20, 1570) called the Portuguese Livy, is one of the first great The Captaincy of São Vicente was the only Captaincy to succeed in Southern Brazil, alongside with Pernambuco in the North Located on the Costa Verde (Green Coast a lush green corridor that runs along the coastline of the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil Paraty (or Parati) ''Par-a-CHEE'' Images Martim Afonso de Sousa ( 1500 - 1571) was a Portuguese Fidalgo and explorer. Bertioga is a Brazilian town of the state of São Paulo in the Baixada Santista. Located on the Costa Verde (Green Coast a lush green corridor that runs along the coastline of the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil Paraty (or Parati) ''Par-a-CHEE'' The Captaincy of São Vicente was the only Captaincy to succeed in Southern Brazil, alongside with Pernambuco in the North Cananéia is a beach region at the South of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, near to where the Tordesilhas Line passed Bertioga is a Brazilian town of the state of São Paulo in the Baixada Santista. Martim Afonso de Sousa ( 1500 - 1571) was a Portuguese Fidalgo and explorer. Cananéia is a beach region at the South of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, near to where the Tordesilhas Line passed Other Laguna has a few schools or a collegiate a high school churches and squares The Captaincy of Pernambuco succeeded through the plantation of sugarcane, and thus formed the basis for the Viceroyalty of Grão-Pará. Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae The vice-kingdom of Grão-Pará was one of the two Portuguese vice-kingdoms in South America corresponding to today's North Brazil. The Captaincy of São Vicente succeeded through the explorations of the hinterlands known as bandeiras, and was at the origin of the Viceroyalty of Brazil (later the province of São Paulo). The Captaincy of São Vicente was the only Captaincy to succeed in Southern Brazil, alongside with Pernambuco in the North The Bandeirantes were Portuguese colonial Scouts who took part in the Bandeiras exploration expeditions The Viceroyalty of Brazil was the Portuguese Viceroyalty in Brazil. ( is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy

1534
Hereditary Captaincies

1573
Two Viceroyalties

In the Spanish Empire

Captaincies (capitanías, in Spanish) were military and administrative divisions in colonial Spanish America and the Spanish Philippines, established in areas under risk of foreign invasion or Indian attack. They could consist of just one province, or group several together. Captaincies general were governed by what is usually refered to as a captain general, but was actually a person who held two distinct offices, one military and the other civilian: the command of the regional forces (the "captaincy general" proper), and the governorship, which would include the presidency of the audiencia, if there was one in the provincial captial. For the modern court see Audiencia Nacional of Spain. The Royal Audiencia and Chancellery ( Spanish: Real audiencia y chancillería The specific powers of any governor-captian general varied by time and place and were specified in the decrees establishing the captaincy general. The captaincy general predated the viceroyalty, but was incorporated into the latter when the viceroyalties were established in the mid-16th century. A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch.

Some captaincies general, such as Guatemala, Chile and Venezuela were eventually split off from their viceroyalties for better-administration purposes. Although under the nominal jurisdiction of their viceroys, governors-captains general were virtually independent, because the law granted them special military functions and given the considerable distance of their districts from the viceregal capital, they were authorized to deal directly with the King and the Council of the Indies, in Madrid. The Council of the Indies, officially the Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies (In Spanish " el Real y Supremo Consejo de Indias " was the Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain.

During the Reconquista, the term captain general and similar ones had been used for the official in charge of all the troops in a given district. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period This office was transfered to America during the conquest and was usually granted along with the governorship to the adelantado in the patent granted by the Crown, usually with the right to pass the office to an heir, establishing the precedent that was recognized by the New Laws of 1542. The Spanish colonization of the Americas was Spain 's conquest settlement and rule over much of the Western hemisphere. Adelantado was a military title held by some Spanish Conquistadors of the 15th 16th and 17th centuries The New Laws (or Leyes Nuevas in Spanish) of 1542 were created to prevent the exploitation of the indigenous people by the encomenderos The institution was later revived with a very different form as part of the Bourbon Reforms. The Bourbon Reforms were a series of economic and political measures taken by the Spanish Crown in the 18th century (under the House of Bourbon) intended Captaincies general were introduced into Spain beginning in 1713 during the War of the Spanish Succession. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting After the losses of the Seven Years' War, the Bourbon kings implemented them in many American possessions, which had not had them before, along with new offices, such as the Intendant. The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths The title of intendant (intendant Spanish intendente) has been used in a number of countries through history

Spanish Captaincies

See also

The Captaincy General of Venezuela (Capitanía General de Venezuela was an administrative district of colonial Spain, created in 1777 to provide more autonomy for the provinces Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Viceroyalty of New Granada (Virreinato de la Nueva Granada was the name given on May 27, 1717 to a Spanish colonial jurisdiction in northern South America The Federative Republic of Brazil is a union of twenty-six estados ("states" singular estado) and formed by the states and one district the Distrito Captain-major is the English rendering of the Portuguese title Capitão-mor (sometimes Capitão Donatário) for colonial officers put in charge

Dictionary

captaincy

-noun

  1. The rank or status of a captain.
  2. The jurisdiction of a captain.
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