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This article is about the superhero. For other uses, see Captain America (disambiguation).
Captain America

Promotional art for Captain America vol. 4, #6, by John Cassaday. John Cassaday (born 1971 is an American Comic book artist and writer
Publication information
Publisher Marvel Comics
First appearance Captain America Comics #1
(March 1941)[1]
Created by Joe Simon
Jack Kirby
In story information
Alter ego Steven "Steve" Grant Rogers
Team affiliations Secret Avengers
Avengers
Invaders
All-Winners Squad
Secret Defenders
S.H.I.E.L.D.
Project: Rebirth
U.S. Army
Redeemers
Notable aliases Nomad, The Captain, Brett Hendrick, Roger Stevens, Steven Grant Rogers, Yeoman America
Abilities Physical attributes enhanced to peak of human potential
Expert martial artist and hand-to-hand combatant
All terrain acrobatics
Master tactician and field commander
Vibranium-steel alloy shield

Captain America is a fictional character, a comic book superhero from the Marvel Comics universe. Marvel Comics is an American comic book company owned by Marvel Publishing Inc In Comic books and other stories with a long history first appearance refers to the first occurrence to feature a Fictional character. Joseph H Simon (born October 11, 1913) is a Jewish-American Comic book Writer, Artist, editor, and publisher Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Invaders is the name of two fictional Superhero teams in the Marvel Comics universe. The All-Winners Squad is a fictional Superhero team in the Marvel Comics universe. The Defenders is a name of a number of Marvel Comics Superhero group — usually presented as a "non-team" of individualistic "outsiders" each SHIELD is a fictional, Comic-book Espionage and Law-enforcement agency in the Marvel Comics universe. Weapon Plus is a fictional clandestine program of the United States government in the Marvel Comics universe The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Nomad is the name of a number of Superhero characters who have appeared in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. Military tactics ( Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army are the techniques for using weapons or military units in combination for engaging and defeating Captain America's shield is a Fictional item the primary defensive and offensive piece of equipment used by the Marvel Comics Superhero Captain America A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative A superhero (sometimes rendered super-hero or super hero) is a Fictional character "of unprecedented physical prowess dedicated to acts of derring-do Marvel Comics is an American comic book company owned by Marvel Publishing Inc The Marvel Universe is the fictional Shared universe where most of the comic stories published by Marvel Comics take place Created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941), from Marvel Comics' 1940s predecessor, Timely Comics. Joseph H Simon (born October 11, 1913) is a Jewish-American Comic book Writer, Artist, editor, and publisher Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book In Comic books and other stories with a long history first appearance refers to the first occurrence to feature a Fictional character. Timely Comics is the 1940s Comic book Publishing company that would evolve into first Atlas Comics, and then Marvel Comics [1] Over the years, an estimated 210 million copies of "Captain America" comic books have been sold in a total of 75 countries. [2]

Within the comics, the title "Captain America" applies to whomever is chosen by the U. S. government (which views itself as "owning" the persona) to wear the costume and bear the shield. For nearly all of the character's publication history, however, Captain America was the alter ego of Steve Rogers, a sickly young man who was enhanced to the peak of human perfection by an experimental serum in order to aid the United States war effort. An alter ego ( Latin, "the other I" is a second self, a second Personality or Persona within a Person The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Captain America wears a costume that utilizes an American flag motif, and is armed with an indestructible shield that can be thrown as a weapon. Flags of the United States The Flag of the United States of America consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of Red (top and bottom alternating [3]

An intentionally patriotic creation who was often depicted fighting the Axis powers of World War II, Captain America was Timely's most popular character during World War II. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including After the war ended, the character's popularity waned and he disappeared by the 1950s aside from an ill-fated revival in 1953. Captain America was reintroduced during the Silver Age of comics when he was revived from suspended animation by the superhero team the Avengers in The Avengers #4 (March 1964). The Silver Age of Comic Books was a period of artistic advancement and commercial success in mainstream American comic books predominantly those featuring the Superhero The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Since then, Captain America has often led the team, as well as starring in his own series. Steve Rogers was killed in Captain America vol. 5, #25 (March 2007), although the Captain America series continues publication. [4]

Contents

Publication history

Writer Joe Simon conceived the idea for Captain America, which was refined by his partner, artist Jack Kirby, in 1941. Captain America was a consciously political creation. Simon and Kirby were morally repulsed by the actions of Nazi Germany in the years leading up to the United States' involvement in World War II and felt war was inevitable. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Simon later said, "The opponents to the war were all quite well organized. We wanted to have our say too. "[5]

Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941) — on sale in December 1940, a year before the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and already showing the protagonist punching Nazi leader Adolf Hitler in the jaw — sold nearly one million copies. Pearl Harbor is a Harbor on the Island of O{{okina}}ahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately [6] While most readers responded favorably to the comic, some took objection. Simon noted, "When the first issue came out we got a lot of . . . threatening letters and hate mail. Some people really opposed what Cap stood for. "[5] Though preceded as a "patriotically themed superhero" by MLJ's The Shield, Captain America immediately became the most prominent and enduring of that wave of superheroes introduced in American comic books prior to and during World War II. Archie Comics is an American Comic book publisher known for its many series featuring the fictional teenage Archie Andrews, Betty Cooper The Shield is the name of several fictional Patriotic Superheroes created by MLJ (now known as Archie Comics) World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including With his sidekick Bucky, Captain America faced Nazis, Japanese and other threats to wartime America and the Allies. Bucky is the name of several fictional masked Heroes in the Marvel Comics universe. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Captain America soon became Timely's most popular character and even had a fan-club called the "Sentinels of Liberty. "[5] Circulation figures remained close to a million copies per month after the debut issue, which outstripped even the circulation of news magazines like Time during the period. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and [7]

1974 Comic Art Convention program book featuring Simon's original 1940 sketch of Captain America.
1974 Comic Art Convention program book featuring Simon's original 1940 sketch of Captain America. The Comic Art Convention was an American, Comic book Fan convention held annually New York City, New York, over Independence

After the Simon & Kirby team moved to DC late 1941, having produced Captain America Comics through issue #10 (Jan. 1942), Al Avison and Syd Shores became regular pencillers of the celebrated title, with one generally inking over the other. Alfred Avison ( July 7, 1920 &ndash December 1984 is an American Comic book Artist known for his work on Captain America Sydney Shores ( September 4, 1913 - June 3, 1973) was an American Comic book Artist known for his work on A penciller (or penciler) is one of a number of types of Artists working within the Comic book industry The inker is one of the two line artists in a traditional Comic book, or Graphic novel. The character was also featured in All Winners Comics #1-19 (Summer 1941 - Fall 1946), Marvel Mystery Comics #80-84,86-92, USA Comics #6-17 (Dec 1942 - Fall 1945) and All Select Comics #1-10 (Fall 1943 - Summer 1946). All Winners Comics was the name of two American Comic book series of the 1940s both published by Marvel Comics predecessor Timely Comics Marvel Mystery Comics (first issue titled simply Marvel Comics) is an American Comic book series published during the 1930s-1940s period known USA Comics was an American Comic-book series published by Marvel Comics ' 1930-1940s predecessor Timely Comics, during the period All Select Comics is an American Comic book series published by Timely Comics, the 1940s predecessor of Marvel Comics, during

In the post-war era, with the popularity of superheroes fading, Captain America led Timely/Marvel's first superhero team, the All-Winners Squad, in its two published adventures, in All Winners Comics #19 & 21 (Fall-Winter 1946; there was no issue #20). The All-Winners Squad is a fictional Superhero team in the Marvel Comics universe. All Winners Comics was the name of two American Comic book series of the 1940s both published by Marvel Comics predecessor Timely Comics After Bucky was shot and wounded in a 1948 Captain America story, he was succeeded by Captain America's girlfriend Betsy Ross, who became the superheroine Golden Girl. Golden Girl is the name of two fictional characters Superheroines in the Marvel Comics universe who were active during the 1940s Captain America Comics ended with #75 (Feb. 1950), by which time the series had been titled Captain America's Weird Tales for two issues, with the finale a horror/suspense anthology issue with no superheroes.

Marvel's 1950s iteration Atlas Comics attempted to revive its superhero titles when it reintroduced Captain America, along with the original Human Torch and the Sub-Mariner, in Young Men #24 (Dec. Atlas Comics is the 1950s Comic book Publishing company that would evolve into Marvel Comics. 1953). Billed as "Captain America, Commie Smasher!", Captain America appeared during the next year in Young Men #24-28 and Men's Adventures #27-28, as well as in issues #76-78 of an eponymous title. Atlas' attempted superhero revival was a commercial failure,[8] and the character's title was canceled with Captain America #78 (Sept. 1954).

Silver Age revival

In the Human Torch story titled "Captain America" in Marvel Comics' Strange Tales #114 (Nov. The Human Torch ( Jonathan "Johnny" Storm) is a Fictional character and Superhero of the Marvel Comics universe Strange Tales was the name of several Comic book Anthology series that have been published by Marvel Comics. 1963), writer-editor Stan Lee and artist and co-plotter Jack Kirby depicted the brash young Fantastic Four member Johnny Storm, the Human Torch, in an exhibition performance with Captain America, described as a legendary World War II and 1950s superhero who has returned after many years of apparent retirement. Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book The Fantastic Four is a fictional Superhero team appearing in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The 13-page story ends with this Captain America revealed as an impostor: the villain the Acrobat, a former circus performer the Torch had defeated in Strange Tales #106. Afterward, Storm digs out an old comic book in which Captain America is shown to be Steve Rogers. A caption in the final panel says this story was a test to see if readers would like Captain America to return.

Captain America was then formally reintroduced in The Avengers #4 (March 1964), which explained that in the final days of WWII, Captain America fell from an experimental drone plane into the North Atlantic Ocean and spent decades frozen in a state of suspended animation. The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV is an unpiloted Aircraft. UAVs can be remote controlled or fly autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans or more complex dynamic Suspended animation is the slowing of life processes by external means without termination He quickly became leader of that superhero team. Following the success of other Marvel characters introduced during the 1960s, Captain America was recast as a hero "haunted by past memories, and trying to adapt to 1960s society. "[9]

After then guest-starring in the feature "Iron Man" in Tales of Suspense #58 (Oct. Iron Man is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Tales of Suspense is the name of an American Comic book series and two one-shot comics published by Marvel Comics. 1964), Captain America gained his own solo feature in that "split book", beginning the following issue. Kirby, Captain America's co-creator during the 1940s period fans and historians call the Golden Age of comic books, was illustrating his hero's solo adventures again for the first time since 1941. The Golden Age of Comic Books was a period in the history of American comic books generally thought as lasting from the 1930s until late 1940s during which Comic books Issue #63 (March 1965), which retold Captain America's origin, through #71 (Nov. 1965) was a period feature set during World War II and co-starred Captain America's Golden Age sidekick, Bucky. Bucky is the name of several fictional masked Heroes in the Marvel Comics universe.

In the 1970s, the post-war versions of Captain America were retconned into separate, successive characters who briefly took up the mantle of Captain America after Steve Rogers went into suspended animation near the end of World War II. Retroactive continuity is the deliberate changing of previously established facts in a work of serial fiction Suspended animation is the slowing of life processes by external means without termination [10][11] The hero found a new generation of readers as leader of the all-star superhero team the Avengers, and in a new solo feature beginning in Tales of Suspense #59 (Nov. Tales of Suspense is the name of an American Comic book series and two one-shot comics published by Marvel Comics. 1964), a "split book" shared with the feature "Iron Man". Iron Man is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Kirby drew all but two of the stories in Tales of Suspense, which became Captain America with #100 (April 1968); Gil Kane and John Romita Sr. each filled-in once. Eli Katz ( April 6, 1926, Riga, Latvia – January 31, 2000, Miami Florida, United States) who John Romita Sr (better known as simply John Romita) (born January 24, 1930) is an Italian-American Comic-book artist best known Several stories were finished by penciller-inker George Tuska over Kirby layouts, with one finished by Romita Sr. George Tuska (born April 26, 1916 in Hartford Connecticut) also known as Carl Larson, is an American Comic book and and another by penciller Dick Ayers and inker John Tartaglione. Richard Bache "Dick" Ayers (born April 28, 1924, Ossining New York, United States) is a Comic book artist and Cartoonist John Tartaglione (born 19 January, 1921; died 12 November, 2003) a Kirby's regular inkers on the series were Frank Giacoia (as "Frank Ray") and Joe Sinnott, though Don Heck and Golden Age Captain America artist Syd Shores inked one story each. Frank Giacoia ( July 6, 1924 - February 4, 1988) is an American Comic book Artist known primarily as an Joe Sinnott (born October 16, 1926, Saugerties New York, United States) is an American Comic book artist Don Heck ( January 2, 1929 – February 23, 1995) was an American Comic book Artist best known for co-creating Sydney Shores ( September 4, 1913 - June 3, 1973) was an American Comic book Artist known for his work on The new title Captain America continued to feature artwork by Kirby, as well as a short run by Jim Steranko, and work by many of the industry's top artists and writers. James Steranko (born 5 November, 1938, Reading Pennsylvania, United States) is an American Graphic artist, Comic It was called Captain America and the Falcon from #134-222.

This series — considered Captain America vol. 1 by comics researchers and historians,[12] following the 1940s Captain America Comics and its 1950s numbering continuation — ended with #454 (Aug. 1996). It was almost immediately followed by the 13-issue Captain America vol. 2 (Nov. 1996 - Nov. 1997),[13] the 50-issue Captain America vol. 3 (Jan. 1998 - Feb. 2002),[14] the 32-issue Captain America vol. 4 (June 2002 - Dec. 2004)[15] and Captain America vol. 5 (Jan. 2005 -  ). [16]

There were attempts for a second series such as Captain America Sentinel of Liberty (Sept. 1998-Aug. 1999) and Captain America & the Falcon (May 2004-June 2005).

As part of the aftermath of Marvel Comics' company crossover "Civil War", Steve Rogers was killed in Captain America vol. 5, #25 (March 2007). Series writer Ed Brubaker remarked:

“ What I found is that all the really hard-core left-wing fans want Cap to be standing out on and giving speeches on the street corner against the George W. Bush administration, and all the really right-wing fans all want him to be over in the streets of Baghdad, punching out Saddam Hussein. Ed Brubaker (born November 17 1966 is an Eisner Award -winning American Cartoonist and Writer. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 "[17] ”

The character's death came as a blow to co-creator Joe Simon, who said, "It's a hell of a time for him to go. Joseph H Simon (born October 11, 1913) is a Jewish-American Comic book Writer, Artist, editor, and publisher We really need him now. "[17]

In August 2007, Marvel announced that the Captain America of the 1940s will travel to the present day in a 12-issue series drawn by Alex Ross. Nelson Alexander "Alex" Ross (born January 22, 1970) is an American Comic book painter, Illustrator and [18] Marvel also announced that a new Captain America, with a costume designed by Ross, would debut in Captain America #34. [19]

The 2007 miniseries Captain America: The Chosen, written by David Morrell and penciled by Mitchell Breitweiser, depicts a dying Steve Rogers' final minutes, at S.H.I.E.L.D. headquarters, as his spirit guides James Newman, a young American soldier fighting in Afghanistan. A miniseries (also mini-series) in a serial Storytelling medium is a production which tells a story in a pre-planned limited number of episodes David Morrell (born April 24, 1943) is a Canadian Novelist from Kitchener Ontario, who has been living in the United States SHIELD is a fictional, Comic-book Espionage and Law-enforcement agency in the Marvel Comics universe. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, The Chosen is not part of the main Marvel Universe continuity.

Fictional character biography

1940s

Captain America Comics#1 (March 1941). Cover art by Joe Simon (inks and pencils) & Jack Kirby (pencils).
Captain America Comics#1 (March 1941). Cover art by Joe Simon (inks and pencils) & Jack Kirby (pencils). Joseph H Simon (born October 11, 1913) is a Jewish-American Comic book Writer, Artist, editor, and publisher Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book

Steve Rogers was born on July 4, 1917 in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, to Irish immigrants Sarah and Joseph Rogers. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Lower East Side is a Neighborhood in the southeastern part of the New York City borough of Manhattan. The City of New York [20] By the early 1940s, before America's entry into World War II, Rogers is a tall but scrawny fine arts student specializing in illustration. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Fine art is any Art form developed primarily for Aesthetics rather than Utility. Disturbed by the rise of the Third Reich, Rogers attempts to enlist, only to be rejected due to his poor constitution. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers A U. S. Army officer looking for test subjects offers Rogers the chance to serve his country by taking part in a top-secret defense project — Operation: Rebirth, which seeks to develop a means of creating physically superior soldiers. Rogers volunteers for the research and, after a rigorous selection process, is chosen as the first human test subject for the Super-Soldier serum developed by the scientist "Dr. Supersoldier is a term often used to describe a Soldier that operates beyond normal human limits or abilities Josef Reinstein,"[21][22] later retroactively changed to a code name for the scientist Abraham Erskine. Retroactive continuity is the deliberate changing of previously established facts in a work of serial fiction [23]

The night that Operation: Rebirth is implemented, Rogers receives injections and oral ingestions of the Super-Soldier formula. He is then exposed to a controlled burst of "Vita-Rays" that activate and stabilize the chemicals in his system. Although the process is arduous physically, it successfully alters his physiology almost instantly from its relatively frail form to the maximum of human efficiency, greatly enhancing his musculature and reflexes. Erskine declares Rogers to be the first of a new breed of man, a "nearly perfect human being. "[22]

At that moment, a Nazi spy reveals himself and shoots Erskine. Because the scientist had committed the crucial portions of the Super-Soldier formula to memory, it cannot be duplicated. Rogers kills the spy in retaliation and vows to oppose the enemies of America. [22][24]

The United States government, making the most of its one super-soldier, re-imagines him as a superhero who serves as both a counter-intelligence agent and a propaganda symbol to counter Nazi Germany's head of terrorist operations, the Red Skull. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This article is a subset article of Intelligence cycle security. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Red Skull is a name shared by several fictional Comic book Supervillains from the Marvel Comics universe. To that end, Rogers is given a uniform modeled after the American flag (based on Rogers's own sketches[20]) a bulletproof shield, a personal side arm, and the codename Captain America. Flags of the United States The Flag of the United States of America consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of Red (top and bottom alternating A side arm is a Firearm, usually a Pistol, which is worn on the body in a Holster to permit immediate access and use He is also given a cover identity as a clumsy infantry private at Camp Lehigh in Virginia. The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists Barely out of his teens himself, Rogers makes friends with the camp's teenage mascot James Buchanan "Bucky" Barnes. The term mascot – defined as a term for any person animal or object thought to bring Luck – colloquially includes anything used to represent a group with a common Bucky is the name of several fictional masked Heroes in the Marvel Comics universe. [21]

Cover of Captain America vol. 5, #5 (May 2005), with fellow Invaders the Sub-Mariner and the original Human Torch. Art by Steve Epting.
Cover of Captain America vol. 5, #5 (May 2005), with fellow Invaders the Sub-Mariner and the original Human Torch. The Invaders is the name of two fictional Superhero teams in the Marvel Comics universe. The Human Torch is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics -owned Superhero. Art by Steve Epting. Stephen "Steve" Epting is an American Comic book Artist and Penciller.

Barnes accidentally learns of Rogers's dual identity and offers to keep the secret if he can become Captain America's sidekick. A secret identity is an element of fiction wherein a character develops a separate Persona (usually adopting a Pseudonym) while keeping their true identity SideKick was an early Personal Information Manager (PIM Software application by Borland launched in 1983 under Philippe Kahn Rogers agrees and trains Barnes. Rogers meets President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who presents him with a new shield made from a mixture of steel and vibranium, fused by an unknown catalyst. Captain America's shield is a Fictional item the primary defensive and offensive piece of equipment used by the Marvel Comics Superhero Captain America Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Vibranium is a fictional metal that appears in the Marvel Universe. The alloy is indestructible, yet the shield is light enough to use as a discus-like weapon that can be angled to return to him. It proves so effective that Captain America forgoes the sidearm. [23] Throughout World War II, Captain America and Bucky fight the Nazi menace both on their own and as members of the superhero team the Invaders (as seen in the 1970s comic of the same name). The Invaders is the name of two fictional Superhero teams in the Marvel Comics universe. [25]

During the closing days of World War II, Captain America and Bucky try to stop the villainous Baron Zemo from destroying an experimental drone plane. Baron Zemo is the name of two Fictional characters both Supervillains in various Marvel Comics Comic books notably Captain America Zemo launches the plane with an armed explosive on it, with Rogers and Barnes in hot pursuit. They reach the plane just before it takes off, but when Bucky tries to defuse the bomb, it explodes in mid-air. The young man is believed killed, and Rogers is hurled into the freezing waters of the North Atlantic. Neither body is found, and both are presumed dead. It is later revealed through retcons that neither character actually died. [26]

Late 1940s—1950s

Captain America #78 (Sept. 1954), featuring the first Electro. Cover pencils and inks by John Romita, Sr.
Captain America #78 (Sept. 1954), featuring the first Electro. Electro is the name of several Fictional characters that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics, including two from Marvel's predecessors Cover pencils and inks by John Romita, Sr.

Captain America continues to appear in comics for the next few years changing from World War II era hero fighting against the Nazis to trying to defeat the United States' newest enemy, Communism. John Romita Sr (better known as simply John Romita) (born January 24, 1930) is an Italian-American Comic-book artist best known The revival of the character in the mid-1950s is shortlived though and events during that time period are later retconned to show that multiple people operated using the codename in order to explain the changes in the character.

The last of these other Captains was a man who devoted to emulating Captain America that he has his appearance surgically altered to resemble Rogers. Furthermore, he also treated himself and a protege to an acquired Nazi copy of the Super Soldier serum to become the new Captain America and Bucky, but were unaware of the necessary Vita-Ray component. As a result, the raw chemicals administered began to seriously affect the pair's minds, rendering them violently paranoid. After it became evident that the two were insane, they were captured and placed in indefinite cryogenic storage.

1960s—1970s

The Avengers #4 (Mar. 1964).Cover art by Jack Kirby & George Roussos.
The Avengers #4 (Mar. The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. 1964).
Cover art by Jack Kirby & George Roussos. Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book George Roussos, also known as "George Bell" (August 20 1915 Washington DC, United States – February 19 2000 Southside Hospital

Years later,[26] the superhero team the Avengers discovers Steve Rogers' body in the North Atlantic, his costume under his soldier's uniform and still carrying his shield. The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. After he revives, they piece together that Rogers had been preserved in a block of ice since 1945, surviving in such a state only because of his enhancements from Operation Rebirth. The block had begun to melt after the Sub-Mariner, enraged that an Arctic Inuit tribe is worshiping the frozen figure, throws it into the ocean. The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. Inuit (plural the singular Inuk, means "man" or "person" is a general term for a group of culturally similar Indigenous peoples inhabiting Rogers accepts membership in the Avengers, and although long out of his time, his considerable combat experience makes him a valuable asset to the team. He quickly assumes leadership,[27] and has typically returned to that position throughout the team's history.

Captain America is plagued by guilt for being unable to prevent Bucky's death — a feeling that does not ease for some time. Although he takes the young Rick Jones (who closely resembles Bucky) under his tutelage, he refuses for some time to allow Jones to take up the Bucky identity, not wishing to be responsible for another youth's death. Richard Milhouse "Rick" Jones is a Fictional Comic book Character in the. Insisting that his hero finally move on from that loss, Jones eventually convinces Rogers to let him don the Bucky costume,[28] but this partnership lasts only a short time; a disguised Red Skull, impersonating Rogers with the help of the Cosmic Cube, drives Jones away. The Red Skull is a name shared by several fictional Comic book Supervillains from the Marvel Comics universe. Cosmic Cube is the name of a fictional device that exists in the Marvel Universe.

Captain America #180 (Dec. 1974). Captain America becomes "Nomad". Cover art by Gil Kane & Frank Giacoia.
Captain America #180 (Dec. 1974). Captain America becomes "Nomad". Cover art by Gil Kane & Frank Giacoia. Eli Katz ( April 6, 1926, Riga, Latvia – January 31, 2000, Miami Florida, United States) who Frank Giacoia ( July 6, 1924 - February 4, 1988) is an American Comic book Artist known primarily as an

Rogers also reunites with his old war comrade Nick Fury, who is similarly well-preserved due to the "Infinity Formula". Colonel Nicholas Joseph "Nick" Fury is a fictional World War II army hero and present-day super-spy in the Marvel Comics As a result, Rogers regularly undertakes missions for the security agency S.H.I.E.L.D. for which Fury was executive director. SHIELD is a fictional, Comic-book Espionage and Law-enforcement agency in the Marvel Comics universe. [29] Through Fury, Rogers befriends Sharon Carter, a SHIELD agent,[30] with whom he eventually begins a romantic relationship. Sharon Carter, alias Agent 13, is a Fictional character, a Secret agent in the Marvel Comics universe.

Rogers later meets and trains Sam Wilson, who becomes the superhero the Falcon,[31] the first African-American superhero in mainstream comic books. The Falcon ( Sam "Snap" Wilson) is a fictional Comic book Superhero in the Marvel Comics universe who African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The characters established an enduring friendship and adventuring partnership, sharing the series title for some time as Captain America and the Falcon). [32] The two later encounter the revived but still insane 1950s Captain America. The Grand Director, also sometimes referred to as the " Captain America of the 1950s" is a fictional character in Marvel Comics ' Universe [10] Although Rogers and the Falcon defeat the faux Rogers and Jack Monroe, Rogers becomes deeply disturbed that he could have suffered his counterpart's fate.

The series also dealt with the Marvel Universe's version of the Watergate scandal, making Rogers so uncertain about his role that he abandons his Captain America identity in favor of one called Nomad. The Marvel Universe is the fictional Shared universe where most of the comic stories published by Marvel Comics take place The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's Nomad is the name of a number of Superhero characters who have appeared in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. During this time, several men unsuccessfully assume the Captain America identity. [33] Rogers eventually re-assumes it after coming to consider that the identity could be a symbol of American ideals and not its government. Jack Monroe, cured of his mental instability, later takes up the Nomad alias. [34] During this period, Rogers also temporarily gains super strength. [35] He also learns of the apparent death of Sharon Carter. [36]

1980s-1990s

Captain America #350 (Feb. 1989): Rogers as The Captain vs. John Walker as Captain America. Cover art by Kieron Dwyer & Al Milgrom.
Captain America #350 (Feb. 1989): Rogers as The Captain vs. John Walker as Captain America. Cover art by Kieron Dwyer & Al Milgrom. Kieron Dwyer (born March 6, 1967) is a Comic book Artist and Penciller. Allen "Al" Milgrom is an American Comic book Writer, Penciller, Inker and editor, primarily for Marvel Comics

In the 1980s, in addition to runs from such acclaimed creators as John Byrne, the series reveals the true face and full origin of the Red Skull. John Lindley Byrne (born July 6 1950) is a British -born Canadian - American author and artist of Comic books Since the The Red Skull is a name shared by several fictional Comic book Supervillains from the Marvel Comics universe. Rogers meets law student Bernie Rosenthal,[37] who becomes his girlfriend. Bernie Rosenthal is a Fictional character in the Marvel Universe, ex-girlfriend of Captain America. He also takes Jack Monroe, Nomad, as a partner for a time. [38] He also meets Diamondback at this time. Diamondback ( Rachel Leighton) is a reformed Supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe created by Mark Gruenwald and Paul Neary [39] The heroes gathered by the Beyonder elect Rogers as leader during their stay on Battleworld. The Beyonder is a Fictional character in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. [40]

Long-time writer Mark Gruenwald explores numerous political and social themes, such as extreme idealism when Captain America fights the anti-nationalist terrorist Flag-Smasher;[41] and vigilantism when he hunts the murderous Scourge of the Underworld. Mark E Gruenwald ( June 18 1953 - August 12 1996) was an American Comic book writer and editor Flag-Smasher is the name used by two fictional Supervillains appearing in the Marvel Comics universe. A vigilante is a person who ignores Due process of law and enacts their own form of Justice in response to a perception of insufficient response by the The Scourge of the Underworld is the name of a series of Fictional characters that have appeared in various series set in the Marvel Comics universe [42] He takes D-Man as his partner. Demolition Man is the Superhero alias of Dennis Dunphy, a Fictional character that has appeared in various Comic book series published by [43] Homophobia was also dealt with as Steve Rogers runs into a childhood friend named Arnold Roth. BenPhelpsJPG|thumb|right|Westboro Baptist Church picket signs with Ben Phelps grandson of Fred Phelps

Rogers receives a large back-pay reimbursement dating back to his disappearance at the end of World War II, and a government commission orders him to work directly for the U. The Commission on Superhuman Activities (also known as the Commission on Superhuman Affairs or CSA for short is a fictional government group from the Marvel S. government. Already troubled by the corruption he had encountered with the Nuke incident in New York City,[44] Rogers chooses instead to resign his identity,[45] and then takes the alias of "the Captain". Nuke (real name Frank Simpson) is a fictional Supervillain in the Marvel Universe. The City of New York [46] A replacement Captain America, John Walker, struggles to emulate Rogers' ideals until pressure from hidden enemies helps to drive Walker insane. Rogers returns to the Captain America identity[47] while a recovered Walker becomes the U.S. Agent. US Agent ( John Walker, formerly the second Super-Patriot and the sixth Captain America) is [48]

Sometime afterward, Rogers avoids the explosion of a methamphetamine lab, but the drug triggers a chemical reaction in the Super-Soldier serum in his system. To combat the reaction, Rogers has the serum removed from his body, and trains constantly to maintain his physical condition. [49]

A retcon later establishes that the serum was not a drug per se, which would have metabolized out of his system, but in fact a virus that effected a biochemical and genetic change. Retroactive continuity is the deliberate changing of previously established facts in a work of serial fiction This additionally explained how arch-nemesis Red Skull, who at the time inhabited a body cloned from Rogers' cells, also has the formula in his body. The Red Skull is a name shared by several fictional Comic book Supervillains from the Marvel Comics universe. Cloning in Biology is the process of producing populations of genetically-identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as Bacteria, Insects

Because of his altered biochemistry, Rogers' body begins to deteriorate, and for a time he must wear a powered exoskeleton and is eventually placed again in suspended animation. An exoskeleton is an external Skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body in contrast to the internal Endoskeleton of for example a Human. During this time, he is given a transfusion of blood from the Red Skull, which cures his condition and stabilizes the Super-Soldier virus in his system. The Red Skull is a name shared by several fictional Comic book Supervillains from the Marvel Comics universe. Captain America returns both to crime fighting and the Avengers. [50]

2000s

Captain America with the Winter Soldier, after the latter has recovered his memories. Pencils by Steve Epting.
Captain America with the Winter Soldier, after the latter has recovered his memories. Bucky is the name of several fictional masked Heroes in the Marvel Comics universe. Pencils by Steve Epting.

Rogers reveals his identity to the world, and establishes a residence in the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. Red Hook is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. [51]

Following the events of Avengers Disassembled, again under the employ of S.H.I.E.L.D., Rogers discovers that Bucky is alive, having been saved and deployed by Soviet espionage interests as the Winter Soldier. Avengers Disassembled, referred to in some participating series as Disassembled, is a crossover event between several Marvel Comics SHIELD is a fictional, Comic-book Espionage and Law-enforcement agency in the Marvel Comics universe. Bucky is the name of several fictional masked Heroes in the Marvel Comics universe.

Rogers also resumes his on-again, off-again relationship with S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent Sharon Carter, who, after his death, believes she is pregnant with Steve Rogers' child. SHIELD is a fictional, Comic-book Espionage and Law-enforcement agency in the Marvel Comics universe. Sharon Carter, alias Agent 13, is a Fictional character, a Secret agent in the Marvel Comics universe.

In the 2006-2007 "Civil War" crossover, Captain America opposes mandatory federal registration of all super-powered beings, which he sees as an erosion of civil liberties for the superhero community, and leads the Anti-Registration faction and resistance movement. In Marvel Comics ' fictional Marvel Universe, the Registration Acts —the Mutant Registration Act (or MRA) and Superhuman Registration Act He becomes a fugitive and opposes the heroes of the Pro-Registration group, including his former friend Iron Man. Iron Man is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. He adopts the alias "Brett Hendrick", a mall security guard, to avoid government detection. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors A security guard or security officer is usually a privately and formally employed person who is paid to protect Property, assets or people [52] As the War continues, Cap enlists the assistance of several figures whom he would not choose to ally himself with under normal circumstances, such as the Punisher and the Kingpin. The Punisher ( Frank Castle) is a fictional Antihero that appears in the Comic books published by Marvel Comics. [53]

Captain America battles Iron Man during the climactic battle and has victory within his grasp when a group of civilians attempt to restrain him. Rogers realizes that he is endangering the very people he has sworn to protect. He then surrenders to the authorities and orders the anti-Registration forces to stand down. As Rogers is led away in handcuffs, the Punisher retrieves Captain America's discarded mask. The Punisher ( Frank Castle) is a fictional Antihero that appears in the Comic books published by Marvel Comics.

Death and aftermath

Captain America's death. Art by Steve Epting.
Captain America's death. Art by Steve Epting. Stephen "Steve" Epting is an American Comic book Artist and Penciller.

Following his surrender, Steve Rogers is indicted on multiple criminal charges. As he is brought to a federal courthouse, a sniper shoots him in the back. In the chaos that ensues, he is wounded three more times in the stomach and chest. Rogers is taken to a hospital, where he dies. [54] The assassination, orchestrated by the Red Skull, involves Crossbones as the sniper and Dr. Faustus posing as a S. Crossbones ( Brock Rumlow) is a Fictional character, a Supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe. Doctor Faustus ( Johann Fennhoff) is a Marvel Comics Supervillain. H. I. E. L. D. psychiatrist, who gives Sharon Carter a hypnotic suggestion to shoot Rogers at a crucial moment. Sharon Carter, alias Agent 13, is a Fictional character, a Secret agent in the Marvel Comics universe. [54]

The superhero community is shaken by the assassination. The Punisher temporarily adopts a costume similar to that of Captain America, while Winter Soldier and Wolverine seek to avenge his death. His shield is stolen by Winter Soldier and the Punisher provides him with Steve Rogers's mask. [55] Captain America is publicly laid to rest in Arlington National Cemetery, under a monument built in his honor. The body in Arlington is a fake: Tony Stark, accompanied by Hank Pym and Janet Van Dyne, returns Rogers' body to the Arctic where Rogers had been found years before. Iron Man is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Dr Henry "Hank" Pym is a Fictional character that appears in Publications published by Marvel Comics. The Wasp ( Janet van Dyne) is a Fictional character, a superheroine in the Marvel Comics universe. The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. Namor attends the small private ceremony and vows that no one will disturb the site. [56]

Stark receives a letter containing Rogers' final requests: Stark should "save" Bucky, and that despite his demise the world still needs Captain America. [57]


Powers and abilities

Steve Rogers' physical transformation, from a reprint of Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941). Art by Joe Simon & Jack Kirby.
Steve Rogers' physical transformation, from a reprint of Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941). Art by Joe Simon & Jack Kirby. Joseph H Simon (born October 11, 1913) is a Jewish-American Comic book Writer, Artist, editor, and publisher Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book

Captain America has no superhuman powers, although as a result of the Super-Soldier serum and vita-ray treatment, he is transformed from a frail young man into a "perfect" specimen of human development and conditioning. Captain America's strength, endurance, agility, speed, reflexes, and durability are at the highest limits of natural human potential. It has been established that Rogers' body regularly creates the super-soldier serum; it does not wear off. [58]

The formula enhances all of his metabolic functions and prevents the build-up of fatigue poisons in his muscles, giving him endurance far in excess of an ordinary human being. This accounts for many of his extraordinary feats, including bench pressing 1100 pounds (500kg) and running a mile (1. 6 km) in little more than a minute. [59] Furthermore, his enhancements are the reason why he was able to survive being frozen in suspended animation for decades. Rogers is also unable to become intoxicated by alcohol and is immune to many diseases, as he also heals faster than normal.

Mentally, Rogers' battle experience and training make him an expert tactician and an excellent field commander, with his teammates frequently deferring to his orders in battle. Military tactics ( Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army are the techniques for using weapons or military units in combination for engaging and defeating Rogers' reflexes and senses are also extraordinarily keen. He is a master of multiple martial arts. Years of practice with his indestructible shield make him able to aim and throw it with almost unerring accuracy. His skill with his shield is such that he can attack multiple targets in succession with a single throw or even cause a boomerang-like return from a throw to attack an enemy from behind. A boomerang is a simple implement used for various purposes It is primarily associated with Australian Aborigines but has been found amongst peoples of North In the comics, he is regarded by other skilled fighters as one of the best hand-to-hand combatants in the Marvel Universe. [60][61]

Rogers has vast U.S. military knowledge and is often shown to be familiar with ongoing, highly-classified Defense Department operations. The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States He is an expert in combat strategy, survival, acrobatics, military strategy, piloting, and demolitions. Despite his high profile as one of the world's most popular and recognizable superheroes, Rogers also has a broad understanding of the espionage community, largely through his ongoing relationship with S.H.I.E.L.D. He occasionally makes forays into mundane career fields, including commercial arts, comic book artistry, education (high school history) and law enforcement. SHIELD is a fictional, Comic-book Espionage and Law-enforcement agency in the Marvel Comics universe.

Weapons and equipment

Further information: Captain America's shield

Captain America uses several shields throughout his history, the most recognizable of which is a nigh-indestructible discus-shaped shield made from a fusion of vibranium with an experimental steel alloy. Captain America's shield is a Fictional item the primary defensive and offensive piece of equipment used by the Marvel Comics Superhero Captain America An alloy is a Solid solution or Homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a Metal, which itself has [62] This alloy was created by accident and never duplicated, although efforts to reverse-engineer it results in the creation of adamantium. Adamantium is a fictional metallic or crystalline substance which has seen extensive use in comics cartoons and video games Cable reveals to Captain America that this shield still exists in one of the possible futures; Cable carries it into battle and brandishes it as a symbol. [63] Captain America often uses his shield as an offensive throwing weapon. The first instance of Captain America's trademark ricocheting shield-toss occurs in future Marvel editor-in-chief Stan Lee's first comics writing, the two-page text story "Captain America Foils the Traitor's Revenge" in Captain America Comics #3 (May 1941). Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters [64]

Captain America's uniform is made of a fire-retardant material, and he wears a lightweight, bulletproof "duralumin" scale armor beneath his uniform for added protection. Mail (also maille, often given as chain mail or chain maille) is a type of Armour or jewellery that consists of small metal rings linked [23] Originally, Rogers' mask was a separate piece of material, but an early engagement had it dislodged, thus almost exposing his identity. To prevent a recurrence of the situation, Rogers modified the mask with connecting material to his uniform, an added benefit of which was extending his armor to cover his previously exposed neck. Since then, events have forced him to reveal his identity to the world. As a member of the Avengers, Rogers has an Avengers priority card, which serves as a communications device.

Captain America has also used a custom special Harley Davidson motorcycle, modified by the S.H.I.E.L.D. weapons laboratory. SHIELD is a fictional, Comic-book Espionage and Law-enforcement agency in the Marvel Comics universe. He has also driven a custom-built battle van, constructed by the Wakanda Design Group.

Enemies

Further information: Enemies of Captain America

Alternate Versions

Main article: Alternate versions of Captain America

In other media

Main article: Captain America in other media

References

  1. ^ a b The 1995 Marvel Milestone Edition: Captain America archival reprint has no cover date or number, and its postal indicia says "Originally published . This is a list of Captain America 's enemies A Advanced Idea Mechanics or A In addition to his mainstream incarnations Captain America has also been depicted in other Fictional universes. Since the 1940s the comic book character Captain America has been presented in a variety of other media including serial films feature films animations video games and even as a stage . . as Captain America #000". Timely's first comic Marvel Comics #1, likewise had no number on its cover, and was released with two different cover dates. Marvel Mystery Comics (first issue titled simply Marvel Comics) is an American Comic book series published during the 1930s-1940s period known
  2. ^ Death to ‘America’: Comic-book hero killed off MSNBC. com, March 7, 2007
  3. ^ "Bullpen Bulletins: "Stan's Soapbox", Dec. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus 1999]
  4. ^ Newsarama (March 7, 2007): "yes, Captain America, Steve Rogers, is dead." "Marvel's Statement on Captain America #25", by Matt Brady. Retrieved on March 7, 2007.
  5. ^ a b c Wright, Bradford W. Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America. Johns Hopkins, 2001. ISBN 0-8018-7450-5, p. 36
  6. ^ Per researcher Keif Fromm, Alter Ego #49, p. 4 (caption)
  7. ^ Daniels, p. 37
  8. ^ Wright, p. 123
  9. ^ Wright, p. 215
  10. ^ a b Captain America #153-156 (Sept. -Dec. 1972)
  11. ^ What If? #4 (Aug. 1977)
  12. ^ The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators: "Captain America (I) (1968-1996)". Retrieved on 2007-03-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.
  13. ^ Unofficial Handbook: "Captain America (II) (1996-1997)". Retrieved on 2007-03-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.
  14. ^ Unofficial Handbook: "Captain America (III) (1998-2002) PG"; Grand Comics Database: Captain America (1998 Series)
  15. ^ Unofficial Handbook: "Captain America (IV) (2002-2004) PSR"; Grand Comics Database: Captain America (2002 Series)
  16. ^ Unofficial Handbook: "Captain America (V) (2005-2007) T+"; Grand Comics Database: Captain America (2005 Series)
  17. ^ a b "Captain America killed!", by Ethan Sacks, New York Daily News, March 7, 2007
  18. ^ Marvel press release (Aug. 11, 2007): "Wizard World Chicago 2007: Alex Ross Returns to Marvel" and ComicBookResources.com (Aug. 14, 2007): and "Ross' Return = Avengers/Invaders", by Jonah Weiland
  19. ^ Captain America Lives. The Daily News of New York City is the fifth most-widely circulated daily Newspaper in the United States with a daily circulation of 703137
  20. ^ a b Adventures of Captain America–Sentinel of Liberty #1-#4 (Oct. 1991 - Jan. 1992)
  21. ^ a b Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941)
  22. ^ a b c Captain America #109 (Jan. 1969)
  23. ^ a b c Captain America #255 (March 1981)
  24. ^ Tales of Suspense #63 (March 1964)
  25. ^ Giant-Sized Invaders #1 (Jun. Tales of Suspense is the name of an American Comic book series and two one-shot comics published by Marvel Comics. The Invaders is the name of two fictional Superhero teams in the Marvel Comics universe. 1975)
  26. ^ a b The Avengers #4 (March 1964)
  27. ^ The Avengers #16 (May 1965)
  28. ^ Captain America #110 (Feb. The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. 1969)
  29. ^ Tales of Suspense #78 (Jun. Tales of Suspense is the name of an American Comic book series and two one-shot comics published by Marvel Comics. 1966)
  30. ^ Tales of Suspense #75 (March 1966)
  31. ^ Captain America #117 (Sept. 1969)
  32. ^ Captain America #117-119 (Sept. -Nov. 1969)
  33. ^ Captain America #176-183 (Aug. 1974 - March 1975)
  34. ^ Captain America #282 (June 1983)
  35. ^ Captain America #159 (March 1973)
  36. ^ Captain America #237 (Sept. 1979)
  37. ^ Captain America #248 (Aug. 1980)
  38. ^ Captain America #282 (June 1983)
  39. ^ Captain America #310 (Oct. 1985)
  40. ^ Secret Wars #1 (May 1984)
  41. ^  Mark Gruenwald (w),  Captain America  #312 ((Dec. This article refers to the 1984 Secret Wars comic book series 1985))
  42. ^  Mark Gruenwald (w),  Captain America  ##318-#320 ((June-Aug. 1986))
  43. ^  Mark Gruenwald (w),  Captain America  ##328 ((April 1987))
  44. ^  Daredevil  ##227-233 ((Feb. -Aug. 1986))
  45. ^  Mark Gruenwald (w),  Captain America  ##332 ((Aug. 1987))
  46. ^  Mark Gruenwald (w),  Captain America  ##335 ((Nov. 1987))
  47. ^  Mark Gruenwald (w),  Captain America  ##350 ((Feb. 1989))
  48. ^  Mark Gruenwald (w),  Captain America  ##332-351 ((Aug. 1987 - March 1989)) Captain America #332-#351 (Aug. 1987 - March 1989)
  49. ^ Captain America #378 (Oct. 1990)
  50. ^ Captain America #425-454 (March 1994 - Aug. 1996)
  51. ^ Captain America vol. 2, #1-7 (June 2002 - Feb. 2003)
  52. ^ Civil War #1-7 (July 2006 - Jan. 2007)
  53. ^ Civil War: War Crimes #1 (Feb. 2007)
  54. ^ a b Captain America vol. 5, #25 (March 2007)
  55. ^ Punisher War Journal vol. 2 #11 (Nov. 2007)
  56. ^ Fallen Son: The Death of Captain America #1-5 (June-Aug. 2007)
  57. ^ Captain America #30 (Sept. 2007)
  58. ^ Captain America #372-#378 (May-Nov. 1990)
  59. ^ Captain America 65th Anniversary Special (May 2006)
  60. ^ Captain America #302 (Feb. 1985)
  61. ^ Captain America #375 (Aug. 1990)
  62. ^ Captain America #303-304 (March-April 1985)
  63. ^ Cable and Deadpool #25
  64. ^ Thomas, Roy, Stan Lee's Amazing Marvel Universe (Sterling Publishing, New York, 2006), p. Cable & Deadpool was a Comic book series published by Marvel Comics beginning in 2004. 11. ISBN-10 1-4027-4225-8; ISBN-13 978-1-4027-4225-5. The line reads: "With the speed of thought, he sent his shield spinning through the air to the other end of the tent, where it smacked the knife out of Haines' hand!" It became a convention starting the following issue, in a Simon & Kirby's comics story depict the following: "Captain America's speed of thought and action save Bucky's life — as he hurls his shield across the room".

Bibliography

External links

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