The Cape Fold Belt is the folded sedimentary sequence of rocks in the southwestern corner of South Africa. Laingsburg may refer to Laingsburg Local Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa Laingsburg Western Cape, a town The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa It is related to the Ventana Mountains near Bahia Blanca in Argentina. Bahía Blanca is a City located in the south-west of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, by the Atlantic Ocean, head town of For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The rocks are generally sandstones and shales, with shales forming the valleys and the erosion resistant sandstones forming the parallel mountain ranges, reaching a maximum height at Seweweekspoortpiek (Afrikaans: Seven Weeks Defile Peak) at 2325m.
The rocks were laid down as sediments in a coastal delta environment upon the Malmesbury unconformity in the Ordovician (450ma) period, with the folding subsequently occurring in the Carboniferous and Permian periods during the merging of the supercontinent Pangaea. An unconformity is a buried Erosion surface separating two rock masses or strata of different ages indicating that Sediment deposition was not The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six of the Paleozoic era, and covers the time between 488 The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 The Permian is a geologic period and system that extends from 299 Pangaea, Pangæa or Pangea (pænˈdʒiːə from παν pan, meaning entire, and Γαῖα Gaea, meaning Earth in Even though the mountains are very old by Andean and Alpine standards, they remain steep and rugged, owing to the resistant nature of the quartzitic sandstones of the Table Mountain Group. The famous Table Mountain is comprised of hard rocks of the Peninsula Formation of the Table Mountain Group. Table Mountain is a flat-topped Mountain forming a prominent landmark overlooking the city of Cape Town in South Africa, and is featured in the The geographic range of the Cape Fold Belt is from Cape Town in the west and the Cederberg Mountains in the northwest to Port Elizabeth in the east. Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the The Cederberg Mountains and Nature reserve are located near Clanwilliam, approximately 300 km north of Cape Town, South Africa at about
The mountains, although mediocre in height by world standards, remain extremely majestic and dramatic to the eye. This is due in part to numerous geological factors; The ranges usually have few to no foothills and rise directly from the valley floor. The mountain's base is usually at or near sea level. The ranges are generally steep and rugged, due to their quarzitic sandstone geology making them very resistant to weathering. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Weathering is the decomposition of earth rocks, Soils and their Minerals through direct contact with the planet's Atmosphere.
Oregeny
The mountains are not particularly young, despite their old-looking appearance. They are considered middle-aged in Geologic terms. They were created during continental collision when Pangaea, the supercontinent formed from the late Carboniferous to Permian periods. Pangaea, Pangæa or Pangea (pænˈdʒiːə from παν pan, meaning entire, and Γαῖα Gaea, meaning Earth in The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 The Permian is a geologic period and system that extends from 299 Their stature is mostly due to their weather-resistant rocks of quartzitic sandstone, with the shale formations generally forming the valleys, capped by alluvial deposits, which are generally Quaternary in age. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Overview The term Quaternary ("fourth" was proposed by Giovanni Arduino in 1759 for alluvial deposits in the Po river valley in northern
The mountains were folded during this period and were still buried beneath the earth's surface. Due to the extreme temperatures and lithic pressure at these depths, folding was not a brittle process, as the rocks retained a "plastic" constituency, making the Cape Fold Mountains spectacular in their exposed folded, faulted and twisted sedimentary strata. A number of parallel faults still runs roughly parallel with the coast, having formed during the Gondwanaland rifting when South America separated from Africa. Gondwana (ɡɒnˈdwɑːnə originally Gondwanaland) was a southern Supercontinent that existed about 500 to 200 Ma ago South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Patagonia was to the west of Cape Town and the Falkland Islands were to the south during the Jurassic period prior to separation. Llao LLaojpg|thumb|250px| Lake Nahuel Huapi, near Bariloche, Argentina Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about Ma (million years ago to Ma that is from the end of the Triassic to the beginning This faulting has caused the Table Mountain Sandstone to be exposed closer to and above sea level close to the coast, but gradually becoming deeper embedded in the overlying strata further inland, excluding areas where folding has caused anticlines to expose the rocks higher up (eg. Table Mountain Sandstone is a group of rock formations within the Cape Supergroup sequence of rocks In Structural geology, an anticline is a fold that is convex up and has its oldest beds at its core Swartberg Mountains north of the Oudtshoorn Fault. The Swartberg mountains ( black mountain in Afrikaans) make up a Mountain range that runs roughly east-west along the northern edge of the semi-arid
The opening of Pangaea and subsequently Gondwanaland also aided in their "conservation" as a range, as the Cape Supergroup of rocks were capped by the deposition of the Karoo Sequence of sedimentary deposits, including the Dwyka Formation, which is compacted glacial till deposited during the late Permian southern ice age. Pangaea, Pangæa or Pangea (pænˈdʒiːə from παν pan, meaning entire, and Γαῖα Gaea, meaning Earth in Gondwana (ɡɒnˈdwɑːnə originally Gondwanaland) was a southern Supercontinent that existed about 500 to 200 Ma ago Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock types (the others being igneous and Metamorphic rock) Till is unsorted glacial sediment Glacial drift is a general term for the coarsely graded and extremely heterogeneous Sediments of glacial origin The Permian is a geologic period and system that extends from 299 An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets
The Ranges
The largest individual ranges within the Cape Fold Belt include (translations in brackets) from west to east:
- Cederberg Mountains (Cedar)
- Olifants River Mountains (Elephant's)
- Piketberg (Picket)
- Winterhoek Mountains (Winter corner)
- Skurweberge (Rough or scaly)
- Hex Rivier Mountains (Witch river)
- Du Toitskloof Mountains (a French surname: Du Toits canyon )
- Drakenstein Mountains (Dragon stone)
- Simonsberg (Simon's)
- Hottentots-Holland Mountains (Hottentot: old name for Khoi aboriginal inhabitants)
- Kogelberg (Bullet, or cone-shaped)
- Stettynsberge (probably a surname)
- Langeberg (Long)
- Riviersonderend Mountains (River without end)
- Kleinrivier Mountains (Small river)
- Witteberge (White)
- Swartberge (Black)
- Outeniqua Mountains (aboriginal: place of honey)
- Langkloof Mountains (Long valley)
- Kouga Mountains (aboriginal)
- Tsitsikamma Mountains (aboriginal: place of much water)
- Baviaanskloof Mountains
- Zuurberge (Sour, acid or acidic)
(berg is Afrikaans for mountain. The Cederberg Mountains and Nature reserve are located near Clanwilliam, approximately 300 km north of Cape Town, South Africa at about Piketberg is a town in the Western Cape, South Africa. The original spelling of the name was "Piquetberg" The Winterhoekberge ( Afrikaans: Winter Corner Mountains are located in the Western Cape province of South Africa and are part of the Cape Fold The Hex River Mountains make up the second highest Mountain range in the Western Cape province of South Africa and are located 120km north-east of Du Toits Peak (1995m ("Doo-Toy" is the highest seaward facing peak in the Cape Fold Belt ranges i The Drakenstein Mountains are part of the Cape Fold Belt and are in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Simonsberg ( Afrikaans:Simon's Mountain is part of the Cape Fold Belt in the Western Cape province of South Africa and is located between the The Hottentots Holland mountain range is part of the Cape Fold Belt in the Western Cape, South Africa. The Kogelberg is a range of mountains along the False Bay coast in the Western Cape of South Africa. The Langeberg Mountain Range is a Mountain range named after Cpl The Riviersonderend Mountains are a Mountain range in the Cape Fold Belt of the Western Cape province of South Africa. The Kleinrivier Mountains are a Mountain range in the Cape Fold Belt of the Western Cape province of South Africa. The Swartberg mountains ( black mountain in Afrikaans) make up a Mountain range that runs roughly east-west along the northern edge of the semi-arid The Langkloof Mountains are a short Mountain range within the Cape Fold Belt in the Western Cape of South Africa. The Tsitsikamma mountains are a Mountain range located in the Garden Route region of the southern South African coast in the Western Cape Afrikaans is an Indo-European language, derived from 17th century Dutch and classified as Low Franconian Germanic, mainly spoken in Plural is 'berge')
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