Cape Breton Island (French: île du Cap-Breton - formerly île Royale, Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Cheap Breatuinn, Míkmaq: Únamakika, simply: Cape Breton) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America. The Nova Scotia peninsula * is a Peninsula on the Atlantic coast of North America. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant It likely corresponds to the European word "Breton", referring to Brittany. Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into
Cape Breton Island is part of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Although physically separated from the Nova Scotia peninsula by the Strait of Canso, it is artificially connected to mainland North America by the Canso Causeway. The Nova Scotia peninsula * is a Peninsula on the Atlantic coast of North America. The Strait of Canso (also Gut of Canso or Canso Strait) is a Strait located in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. The Canso Causeway is a 1385 m (4583 ft rock-fill Causeway in Nova Scotia, Canada. The island is located east-northeast of the mainland with its northern and western coasts fronting on the Gulf of St. Lawrence; its western coast also forming the eastern limits of the Northumberland Strait. The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the Ocean. Gulf of Saint Lawrence (French golfe du Saint-Laurent) the world's largest Estuary, is the outlet of North America's Great Lakes via the Saint The Northumberland Strait (French détroit de Northumberland) is a Strait in the southern part of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in eastern Canada The eastern and southern coasts front the Atlantic Ocean; its eastern coast also forming the western limits of the Cabot Strait. Cabot Strait (détroit de Cabot is a Strait in eastern Canada approximately 110 Kilometres wide between Cape Ray, Newfoundland and Its landmass slopes upward from south to north, culminating in the highlands of its northern cape. The term highland is used to denote any Mountainous region or elevated mountainous Plateau. A saltwater estuary, Bras d'Or Lake, dominates the centre of the island. Bras d'Or Lake (pronounced) is a large body of water dominating the centre of Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada.
The island is divided into four of Nova Scotia's eighteen counties: Cape Breton, Inverness, Richmond, and Victoria. Cape Breton County is a County in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, on Cape Breton The Inverness County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Richmond County is a County in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Victoria County is a County in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Their total population as of the 2001 census numbered 147,454 "Cape Bretoners"; this is approximately 16% of the provincial population. The Canada 2001 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population Cape Breton Island has experienced a decline in population of approximately 6. 8% since the previous census in 1996. Approximately 72% of the island's population is located in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality (CBRM) which includes all of Cape Breton County and is often referred to as Industrial Cape Breton, given the history of coal mining and steel manufacturing in this area. Cape Breton Regional Municipality (2006 population 102250 often shortened to simply CBRM, is a Regional municipality in Nova Scotia Cape Breton County is a County in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, on Cape Breton Industrial Cape Breton is a geographic region in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
The island contains five reserves of the Mi'kmaq Nation, these being: Eskasoni, Membertou, Wagmatcook, We'kopaq/Waycobah, and Potlotek/Chapel Island. For the vast tract created by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in Canada and the United States see Indian Reserve (1763 In Canada The Míkmaq or Mi'kmaq (miːgmax sometimes spelled Micmac in English and formerly Mìgmaq ( Mi'gmaq) in Míkmaw) are a The Eskasoni First Nation is a First Nation in Nova Scotia, Canada. Eskasoni is the largest in both population and land area.
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History
Cape Breton Island's first residents were likely Maritime Archaic Indians, ancestors of the Mi'kmaq Nation, the later of whom inhabited the island at the time of European discovery. In the sequence of North American Pre-Columbian cultural stages first proposed by Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips in 1958 the Archaic period The Míkmaq or Mi'kmaq (miːgmax sometimes spelled Micmac in English and formerly Mìgmaq ( Mi'gmaq) in Míkmaw) are a Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) reportedly visited the island in 1497 to become the first Renaissance European explorer to visit present-day Canada. Giovanni Caboto ( c 1450 - c 1498 known in English as John Cabot, was an Italian Navigator and explorer commonly credited as the The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere However, historians are unclear as to whether Cabot first visited Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island. Newfoundland — ˈn(jufənˌlænd (Terre-Neuve Talamh an Éisc — is a large island 15 km off the east coast of This discovery is commemorated by Cape Breton's Cabot Trail. The Cabot Trail is a highway and scenic roadway in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
A fishing colony was established on the island about 1521/1522 by the Portuguese under João Alvares Fagundes. João Álvares Fagundes ( fl 1521 an explorer and ship owner from Viana do Castelo in Northern Portugal, near Galicia, organized several expeditions As many as 200 settlers lived in the nameless village in what is now present day Ingonish (location according to some historians) on the island's northwestern peninsula. The fate of the colony is unknown, but it is mentioned as late as 1570. [1]
On February 8, 1631, Charles I granted Cape Breton Island to Robert Gordon of Lochinvar and his son Robert. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Lochinvar (or Lan Var is a loch in Scotland that is now a reservoir
The island saw active settlement by France with the island being included in the colony of Acadia. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture ( ACADIA) is a Non-profit organization active in the area of Computer-aided architectural design A French garrison was established in the central eastern part at Ste-Anne in the early 18th century, before relocating to a much larger fortification at Louisbourg to improve defences at the entrance to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and defend France's fishing fleet on the Grand Banks. Garrison (various spellings (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip" is the collective term for a body of Troops Fortress of Louisbourg (in French, Forteresse de Louisbourg) is a Canadian National Historic Site and the location of a partial reconstruction Gulf of Saint Lawrence (French golfe du Saint-Laurent) the world's largest Estuary, is the outlet of North America's Great Lakes via the Saint The French named the island "Île Royale. " It remained part of colonial France until it was ceded to the Britain under the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain Britain merged the island with its adjacent colony of Nova Scotia (present day peninsular Nova Scotia and New Brunswick). New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally
Some of the first British-sanctioned settlers to the island following the Seven Years' War were Irish, although upon settlement, they merged with local French communities to form a culture rich in both music and tradition. The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world From 1763 to 1784 the island was administratively part of the colony of Nova Scotia and governed from Halifax. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's See also Halifax Nova Scotia See also Halifax Regional Municipality municipal election 2008 Halifax Regional Municipality is the capital
The first permanently settled Scottish community on Cape Breton Island was Judique, settled in 1775 by Michael Mor MacDonald. The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. Judique is a small community located in Inverness County on the Ceilidh Trail ( Trunk 19) on the western side of Cape Breton Island, Nova He spent his first winter using his upside-down boat for shelter, which is reflected in the architecture of the village's Community Centre. He composed a song about the area called "O's alainn an t-aite" , or 'Fair is the Place.
In 1784, Britain split the colony of Nova Scotia into three separate colonies: New Brunswick, Cape Breton Island, and present-day peninsular Nova Scotia, in addition to the adjacent colonies of St. John's Island (renamed Prince Edward Island in 1798) and Newfoundland. Prince Edward Island (ˌprɪns ˌɛdwɚd ˈaɪlɨnd ( PEI or P Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation The colony of Cape Breton Island had its capital at Sydney on its namesake harbour fronting on Spanish Bay and the Cabot Strait. See also Sidney Sydney (2001 population 24115 is an urban community in Nova Scotia, Canada 's Cabot Strait (détroit de Cabot is a Strait in eastern Canada approximately 110 Kilometres wide between Cape Ray, Newfoundland and Its first Lieutenant-Governor was Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres (1784–1787) and his successor was William Macarmick (1787). Colonel Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres ( November 22, 1721 &ndash October 27, 1824 (or October 24, 1824) was a William Macarmick (baptised 15 September 1742 &ndash 20 August 1815) Lieutenant-Governor of Cape Breton, MP From 1799 to 1807 the military commandant was John Despard, brother of Edward. Edward Marcus Despard (1751&ndash 21 February 1803) was an Irish -born British colonel turned revolutionary executed for High Treason. [2]
An order forbidding the granting of land in Cape Breton, issued in 1763, was removed in 1784. The mineral rights to the island were given over to the Crown by an order-in-council. The British government had intended that the Crown take over the operation of the mines when Cape Breton was made a colony, but this was never done, probably because of the rehabilitation cost of the mines. The mines were in a neglected state, caused by careless operations dating back at least to the time of the final fall of Louisbourg.
In 1820, the colony of Cape Breton Island was merged for the second time with Nova Scotia, this being present-day peninsular Nova Scotia. This development is one of the factors which led to large-scale industrial development in the Sydney Coal Field of eastern Cape Breton County (see Industrial Cape Breton). Industrial Cape Breton is a geographic region in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. By the late 19th century, as a result of the faster shipping, expanding fishery and industrialization of the island, exchanges of people between the island of Newfoundland and Cape Breton increased beginning a cultural exchange that continues to this day. Newfoundland — ˈn(jufənˌlænd (Terre-Neuve Talamh an Éisc — is a large island 15 km off the east coast of
During the first half of the 19th century, Cape Breton Island experienced an influx of Highland Scots numbering approximately 50,000 as a result of the Highland Clearances. The Scottish Highlands ( Scottish Gaelic: A' Ghàidhealtachd, Scots: Hielans) include the rugged and Mountainous The Highland Clearances ( Scottish Gaelic: Fuadaich nan Gàidheal the expulsion of the Gael were Forced displacements of the population of the Scottish Today, the descendants of the Highland Scots dominate Cape Breton Island's culture, particularly in rural communities. To this day Gaelic is still the first language of a number of elderly Cape Bretoners. Canadian Gaelic (Gaelic gd ''Gàidhlig Chanaideanach'' locally just Gaelic or The Gaelic) is the dialect of Scots Gaelic that has been spoken continuously A campaign by the provincial government during the 19th and early 20th centuries aimed to eradicate the use of Gaelic among school children. The growing influence of English-dominated media from outside the Scottish communities saw the use of this language erode quickly during the 20th century. Many of the Scots who immigrated there were either Roman Catholics or Presbyterians.
Tourism promotions beginning in the 1950s recognized the importance of the Scottish culture to the province, and the provincial government started encouraging the use of Gaelic once again. The establishment of funding for the Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts and formal Gaelic language instruction in public schools are intended to address the near-loss of this culture to English assimilation. (For the Gaelic College of Scotland see Sabhal Mòr Ostaig) The Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts (also known informally as the Gaelic College A region or society where several different groups are spontaneously assimilated is sometimes referred to as a Melting pot.
The turn of the 20th century saw Cape Breton Island at the forefront of scientific achievement with the now-famous activities launched by inventors Alexander Graham Bell and Guglielmo Marconi. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Marchese Guglielmo Marconi mar'koni (25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937 was an Italian inventor best known for his development of a Radiotelegraph system
Following his successful invention of the telephone and being relatively wealthy, Bell acquired land near Baddeck in 1885, largely due to surroundings reminiscent of his early years in Scotland. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information Baddeck (2001 population 907 is a Canadian village in Victoria County, Nova Scotia. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. He established a summer estate complete with research laboratories, working with deaf people - including Helen Keller - and continued to invent. Helen Adams Keller (June 27 1880 – June 1 1968 was an American Author, Activist and lecturer Baddeck would be the site of his experiments with hydrofoil technologies as well as the Aerial Experiment Association, financed by his wife, which saw the first powered flight in the British Empire when the AEA Silver Dart took off from the ice-covered waters of Bras d'Or Lake. A hydrofoil is a Boat with wing-like foils mounted on struts below the hull. The Aerial Experiment Association (AEA was a Canadian aeronautical research group formed on 30 September 1907 under the tutelage of Dr The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Bras d'Or Lake (pronounced) is a large body of water dominating the centre of Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. Bell also built the forerunner to the iron lung and he experimented with breeding sheep. An iron lung is a large machine that enables a person to breathe when normal Muscle control has been lost or the work of breathing exceeds the person's ability
Marconi's contributions to Cape Breton Island were somewhat less than Bell's as he merely used the island's geography to his advantage in transmitting the first trans-Atlantic radio message from a station constructed at Table Head in Glace Bay to a receiving station at Poldhu in Cornwall, England. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Glace Bay (2001 pop 16984 is a community in the eastern part of the Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Poldhu is a small area in south Cornwall, England, UK, situated on the Lizard Peninsula it comprises Poldhu Point and Poldhu Cove Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
Geography
The island measures 10,311 km² in area (3,981 square miles), making it the 75th largest island in the world and Canada's 18th largest island. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of This is a list of Islands in the world ordered by area. It includes all islands with an area greater than 2500 km² (970 square miles This is a list of Canadian Islands as ordered by area. It includes all islands with an area greater than 2500 km²; (965 Square miles. Cape Breton Island is composed mainly of rocky shores, rolling farmland, glacial valleys, barren headlands, mountains, woods and plateaus. In Geology, rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of Minerals and/or Mineraloids The Earth's outer solid layer the ‘ Lithosphere A shore or shoreline is the fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water such as an Ocean, Sea, or Lake. A farm is an area of land including various structures devoted primarily to the practice of producing and managing food ( Produce, Grains, or Livestock "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is Headlands and bays are two related features of the coastal environment A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak Ecologically a woodland is an area covered in trees differentiated from a Forest. In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting Geological evidence suggests that at least part of the island was originally joined with present-day Scotland and Norway, now separated by millions of years of continental drift. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Continental drift is the movement of the Earth 's Continents relative to each other
The northern portion of Cape Breton Island is dominated by the Cape Breton Highlands, commonly shortened to simply the "Highlands", which are an extension of the Appalachian mountain chain. The Cape Breton Highlands, commonly called the Highlands, refer to a 'highland' or 'plateau' of ancient rock across northern Cape Breton Island, Canada, The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. The Highlands comprise the northern portions of Inverness and Victoria counties. The Inverness County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Victoria County is a County in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. In 1936 the federal government established the Cape Breton Highlands National Park covering 949 km² across the northern third of the Highlands. Cape Breton Highlands National Park (Parc national des Hautes-Terres-du-Cap-Breton is located on northern Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia The Cabot Trail scenic highway also encircles the coastal perimeter of the plateau. The Cabot Trail is a highway and scenic roadway in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
Cape Breton Island's hydrological features include the Bras d'Or Lake system, a salt-water fjord at the heart of the island, and freshwater features including Lake Ainslie, the Margaree River system, and the Mira River. Bras d'Or Lake (pronounced) is a large body of water dominating the centre of Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. A fjord or fiord (fjɔːd|fiːɔːd or fiːɔːd is a long narrow Inlet with steep sides created in a valley carved by glacial activity. Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved Lake Ainslie on Cape Breton Island is the largest natural freshwater Lake in Nova Scotia. The Margaree River is a River on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. The Mira River is a Canadian river located in southeastern Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Innumerable smaller rivers and streams drain into the Bras d'Or Lake estuary and onto the Gulf of St. "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there A stream is a body of Water with a current, confined within a bed and stream-banks An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open Lawrence and Atlantic coasts.
Cape Breton Island is now joined to the mainland by the Canso Causeway, completed in 1955, enabling direct road and rail traffic to and from the island, but requiring marine traffic to pass through the Canso Canal at the eastern end of the causeway. The Canso Causeway is a 1385 m (4583 ft rock-fill Causeway in Nova Scotia, Canada. A road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or more places. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Traffic on Roads may consist of Pedestrians ridden or herded Animals Vehicles Streetcars and other Conveyances either singly Shipping is physical process of Transporting goods and Cargo. The Canso Canal is a short Canal located in Nova Scotia, Canada. In modern usage a causeway is a road or railway elevated by a bank usually across a broad Body of water or Wetland.
Cape Breton Island is divided into four counties: Cape Breton, Inverness, Richmond, and Victoria. Cape Breton County is a County in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, on Cape Breton The Inverness County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Richmond County is a County in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Victoria County is a County in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
Demographics
The island's residents can be grouped into five main cultures; Scottish, Mi'kmaq, Acadian, Irish, and English, with respective languages Gaelic, Mi'kmaq, French, and English. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Míkmaq or Mi'kmaq (miːgmax sometimes spelled Micmac in English and formerly Mìgmaq ( Mi'gmaq) in Míkmaw) are a This article is about the Acadian people and culture The Acadians (Acadiens are the descendants of the seventeenth-century French Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Canadian Gaelic (Gaelic gd ''Gàidhlig Chanaideanach'' locally just Gaelic or The Gaelic) is the dialect of Scots Gaelic that has been spoken continuously French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States English is now the primary spoken language, though Mi'kmaq, Gaelic and French are still heard.
Later migrations of black Loyalists, Italians, and Eastern Europeans mostly settled in the eastern part of the island around the Industrial Cape Breton region. Human migration denotes any movement by Humans from one locality to another sometimes over long distances or Black Canadians', Caribbean Canadians, and African Canadians are designations used for people of Black African descent who reside in This article concerns Loyalists in the American Revolution. For information on the role of those Loyalists in Canadian history after their emigration see United Empire The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The population of Cape Breton Island has been in decline for almost two decades with an increasing population exodus in recent years due to economic conditions.
According to the Census of Canada, the population of Cape Breton Island in 2001 was 147,454, a 6. 8% decline from 158,260 in 1996.
Racial/Ethnic composition
- 95. 0% Caucasian
- 3. 6% Mi'kmaq (Canadian First Nation)
- 0. The Míkmaq or Mi'kmaq (miːgmax sometimes spelled Micmac in English and formerly Mìgmaq ( Mi'gmaq) in Míkmaw) are a 7% Black
- 0. The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse 1% Arab
Religious groups
Statistics Canada in 2001 reported a "religion" total of 107,880 for Cape Breton, including 3,915 with "no religious affiliation. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding "[3] Major categories included:
- Roman Catholic: 69,820
- Protestant: 32,575 (including 13,790 United Church and 10,170 Anglican)
- Orthodox: 395
- Jewish: 235
- Muslim: 135
Synagogues in Sydney and Glace Bay serve a small historic Jewish community (which was once one of the larger ones in eastern Canada) while more recent Muslim immigrants hold Friday prayers at Cape Breton University. Cape Breton University (CBU formerly the "University College of Cape Breton" (UCCB is a Canadian university in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality Buddhists are a tiny minority (70 in 2001, according to Statistics Canada), although Gampo Abbey in Pleasant Bay has been operational since 1984. Gampo Abbey is a Buddhist abbey located in Pleasant Bay, Nova Scotia. Pleasant Bay is a community on the western coast of Cape Breton Island, on the shore of the Gulf of St
Economy
Cape Breton Island has two major coal deposits: the Sydney Coal Field in the southeastern part of the island along the Atlantic Ocean drove the Industrial Cape Breton economy throughout the 19th and 20th centuries - until after World War II its industries were the largest private employers in Canada; the Inverness Coal Field in the western part of the island along the Gulf of St. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Lawrence is significantly smaller but hosted several mines.
Sydney has traditionally been the main port, with various facilities in a large, sheltered, natural harbour. See also Sidney Sydney (2001 population 24115 is an urban community in Nova Scotia, Canada 's It is the Island's largest commercial center and home to the Island's daily newspaper, the Cape Breton Post, as well as its only active television studio, CJCB-TV, and several radio stations. The Cape Breton Post is the only daily Newspaper published on Cape Breton Island. CJCB is a Canadian television station broadcasting in Sydney Nova Scotia. The Marine Atlantic terminal at North Sydney is the terminal for large ferries travelling to Channel–Port aux Basques and seasonally to Argentia on the island of Newfoundland. Marine Atlantic Inc (fr Marine Atlantique) is an independent Canadian Crown corporation offering Ferry services between the provinces of North Sydney (2001 pop 6775 is a community in Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Channel-Port aux Basques (also Port aux Basques) is a town at the extreme southwestern tip of the island of Newfoundland Newfoundland — ˈn(jufənˌlænd (Terre-Neuve Talamh an Éisc — is a large island 15 km off the east coast of
Point Edward on the west side of Sydney Harbour is the location of Sydport, a former navy base (HMCS Protector) now converted to commercial use. Point Edward (2001 pop 396 is a community in Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Regional Municipality. For the history of Canada's naval forces after 1968 see Canadian Forces Maritime Command The Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN) was the HMCS Protector was the name of a Royal Canadian Navy base located in Sydney Harbour on Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Island. The Canadian Coast Guard College is located nearby at Westmount. The Canadian Coast Guard College ( CCGC) is a maritime training college and Canadian Coast Guard facility located in Westmount in the Cape Breton Regional Petroleum, bulk coal, and cruise ship facilities are also located in Sydney Harbour.
Glace Bay is the second largest urban community in population and was the island's main coal mining centre until its last mine ceased operation in the 1980s. Glace Bay (2001 pop 16984 is a community in the eastern part of the Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Glace Bay served as the hub of the Sydney & Louisburg Railway and also as a major fishing port. At one time, Glace Bay was known as the largest town in Nova Scotia, based on population.
Port Hawkesbury has risen to prominence since the completion of the Canso Causeway and Canso Canal created an artificial deep-water port, allowing extensive petrochemical, pulp and paper, and gypsum handling facilities to be established. Port Hawkesbury ( 2006 population 3922 is a town located on the southwestern end of Cape Breton Island, on The Canso Canal is a short Canal located in Nova Scotia, Canada. The Strait of Canso is completely navigable to seaway-max vessels, and Port Hawkesbury is open to the deepest-draught vessels on the world's oceans. The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes Large marine vessels may also enter Bras d'Or Lake through the Great Bras d'Or channel whereas small craft have the additional use of the Little Bras d'Or channel or St. Peters Canal. The St Peters Canal is a small shipping Canal located in eastern Canada on Cape Breton Island. The St. Peters Canal is no longer used by commercial shipping on Cape Breton Island but is an important waterway for recreational vessels. The St Peters Canal is a small shipping Canal located in eastern Canada on Cape Breton Island.
The industrial Cape Breton area faced several challenges with the closure of the Cape Breton Development Corporation's (DEVCO) coal mines and the Sydney Steel Corporation's (SYSCO) steel mill. The Cape Breton Development Corporation, or DEVCO, is a Canadian federal government Crown corporation. Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. Sydney Steel Corporation (SYSCO is a Crown corporation in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Steel Mill was one of Bruce Springsteen 's early bands and performed regularly on the Jersey Shore, in Virginia, and also in California from 1969 In recent years the Island's residents have been attempting to diversify the area economy by investing in tourism developments, call centres, and small businesses, as well as manufacturing ventures in such fields as auto parts, pharmaceuticals, and window glazings. A call centre or call center (see spelling differences) is a centralized office used for the purpose of receiving and transmitting a large volume of requests by
While the Cape Breton Regional Municipality is in transition from an industrial to a service-based economy, the rest of Cape Breton Island outside of the industrial area surrounding Sydney-Glace Bay has been more stable, with a mixture of fishing, forestry, small-scale agriculture, and tourism. Cape Breton Regional Municipality (2006 population 102250 often shortened to simply CBRM, is a Regional municipality in Nova Scotia
Tourism in particular has grown throughout the post-Second World War era, especially the growth in vehicle-based touring, which was furthered by the creation of the Cabot Trail scenic drive. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Cabot Trail is a highway and scenic roadway in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The scenery of the island is rivalled in northeastern North America only by Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island tourism marketing places a heavy emphasis on its Scottish Gaelic heritage through events such as the Celtic Colours Festival, held each October, as well as promotions through the Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts. Newfoundland — ˈn(jufənˌlænd (Terre-Neuve Talamh an Éisc — is a large island 15 km off the east coast of Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. (For the Gaelic College of Scotland see Sabhal Mòr Ostaig) The Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts (also known informally as the Gaelic College
The primary east-west road on the island is Highway 105, the Trans-Canada Highway, although Trunk 4 is also heavily used. Highway 105 in Nova Scotia represents the Cape Breton Island leg of the Trans-Canada Highway. The Trans-Canada Highway is a federal-provincial Highway system that joins all ten provinces of Canada. Trunk 4 is part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia 's system of Trunk Highways Highway 125 is an important arterial route around Sydney Harbour in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Highway 125 is a 30 km long controlled-access highway located in Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Cape Breton Regional Municipality (2006 population 102250 often shortened to simply CBRM, is a Regional municipality in Nova Scotia The Cabot Trail, circling the Cape Breton Highlands, and Trunk 19, along the western coast of the island, are important secondary roads. The Cabot Trail is a highway and scenic roadway in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Trunk 19 is part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia 's system of trunk highways Railway connections between the port of Sydney to Canadian National Railway in Truro are maintained by the Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway. Truro (2006 population 11765; Urban area population 22777, conglomeration area population 45777 is a Town in The Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway is a 392 km (245 mile railway operating in Nova Scotia between Sydney and Truro with spurs at Sydney
The Cabot Trail is a scenic road circuit around and over the Cape Breton Highlands with spectacular coastal vistas; over 400,000 visitors drive the Cabot Trail each summer and fall. The Cabot Trail is a highway and scenic roadway in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The Cape Breton Highlands, commonly called the Highlands, refer to a 'highland' or 'plateau' of ancient rock across northern Cape Breton Island, Canada, Coupled with Fortress Louisbourg, it has driven the growth of the tourism industry on the island in recent decades. Fortress of Louisbourg (in French, Forteresse de Louisbourg) is a Canadian National Historic Site and the location of a partial reconstruction The Condé Nast travel guide has rated Cape Breton Island as one of the best island destinations in the world. Condé Nast Publications Inc is a worldwide Magazine Publishing company
Traditional music
Cape Breton is well known for its traditional fiddle music, which was brought to North America by Scottish immigrants during the Highland Clearances. Cape Breton fiddling is a lively regional Violin style which falls within the Celtic music idiom Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term The Highland Clearances ( Scottish Gaelic: Fuadaich nan Gàidheal the expulsion of the Gael were Forced displacements of the population of the Scottish The traditional style has been well preserved in Cape Breton, and ceilidhs have become a popular attraction for summer tourists. A céilidh ( (in modern usage is a traditional Gaelic social Dance originating in Ireland and Scotland, but now common throughout the Inverness County in particular has a heavy concentration of musical activity, with regular performances in communities such as Mabou and Judique. The Inverness County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Mabou is a small Canadian rural community located in Inverness County on the west coast of Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Island. Judique is a small community located in Inverness County on the Ceilidh Trail ( Trunk 19) on the western side of Cape Breton Island, Nova Judique is recognized as 'Bhaile nam Fonn', (literally: Village of Tunes) or the 'Home of Celtic Music', featuring the Celtic Music Interpretive Centre. Performers who have received significant recognition outside of Cape Breton include Buddy MacMaster, Natalie MacMaster, Ashley MacIsaac, The Rankin Family, Aselin Debison, and The Barra MacNeils. Hugh Alan "Buddy" MacMaster CM, ONS, LLD (born October 18, 1924) is one of the most renowned artists in the tradition Natalie MacMaster CM (born June 13, 1972) is an award-winning Fiddler from the rural community of Troy in Inverness County Ashley Dwayne MacIsaac (born February 24, 1975 in Creignish Nova Scotia) is a Canadian professional Fiddler While MacIsaac's The Rankin Family is a Canadian musical family group from Mabou, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Aselin Debison (born June 27, 1990) is a Canadian pop and Celtic music singer sometimes known affectionately as Azi The Barra MacNeils are a Canadian musical group from Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia.
The Men of the Deeps are a male choral group of current and former miners from the industrial Cape Breton area. The Men of the Deeps is a world renowned male choral ensemble composed of coal miners and former
Film and television
- Squanto: A Warrior's Tale starring Adam Beach
- Johnny Belinda by Elmer Blaney Harris. Squanto A Warrior's Tale is a 1994 Theatrical live action Disney film Adam Ruebin Beach (born November 11, 1972) is a Golden Globe nominated Canadian Actor of Saulteaux descent For the 1967 version see Johnny Belinda (1967 film. Johnny Belinda is a 1948 Drama film based on the Elmer Blaney Harris ( January 11, 1878 - September 6, 1966) was an American Author, Dramatist, and Playwright
- Margaret's Museum starring Helena Bonham Carter. Margaret's Museum is a critically-acclaimed 1995 British - Canadian dark film drama directed by Mort Ransen. Helena Bonham Carter (born 26 May 1966 is an Oscar and Golden Globe -nominated English actress.
- The Bay Boy starring Kiefer Sutherland. The Bay Boy is a critically acclaimed 1984 Canadian film. It is a semi-autobiographical film based on director Daniel Petrie 's experiences of Kiefer William Frederick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland He has Scottish ancestry from both parents and is the grandson of Canadian politician Tommy Douglas.
- New Waterford Girl
- The Hanging Garden
- Marion Bridge
- My Bloody Valentine
- Pit Pony, TV movie and series adapted from the novel by Joyce Barkhouse
- Mass for Shut Ins
Famous people
The Arts
- Nathan Bishop,singer-songwriter from Celtae
- John Allan Cameron, singer-songwriter, from Glencoe Station, credited as the "Godfather" of Cape Breton's modern Celtic music revival
- Lesley Crewe, Author of Relative Happiness and Shoot Me
- Mark Day, film & television actor, writer, and producer from Port Hawkesbury
- Aselin Debison, singer-songwriter
- Winston "Scotty" Fitzgerald, fiddle player from White Point, Victoria County, Nova Scotia
- Danny Gallivan, Hockey Night in Canada sportscaster
- Bruce Guthro, singer-songwriter
- Mary Jane Lamond, Gaelic singer
- Angus MacAskill, Giant and Circus Performer
- Ashley MacIsaac , fiddle player from Creignish
- Slowcoaster, jam rock band
- Daniel MacIvor,actor, playwright, theatre director and film director from Sydney
- Hugh MacLennan, Governor General's Awards winning Author Barometer Rising, and Two Solitudes. New Waterford Girl is a Canadian Drama - Comedy film released in 1999 The Hanging Garden is a 1997 British / Canadian movie written and directed by Thom Fitzgerald that is about the duality Marion Bridge is a 2002 Canadian Film directed by Wiebke von Carolsfeld. My Bloody Valentine is a low-budget Canadian Slasher film released in 1981 in the wake of the popularity of the slasher genre that had overtaken Pit POny Stablejpg|thumb|right|Stable inside a mine]]A pit pony was a type of Pony commonly used underground in Coal mines from the mid 18th up until the mid 20th Nathan Bishop MacDonald is a singer/songwriter based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. John Allan Cameron CM ( 16 December 1938 - 22 November, 2006) was a Canadian Mark Day may refer to Mark Day (NASCAR, American racecar driver Mark Day (actor, Canadian actor Mark Day (editor Port Hawkesbury ( 2006 population 3922 is a town located on the southwestern end of Cape Breton Island, on Aselin Debison (born June 27, 1990) is a Canadian pop and Celtic music singer sometimes known affectionately as Azi Winston "Scotty" Fitzgerald (1914-1987 was a renowned Cape Breton fiddler. Danny Gallivan ( April 11, 1917 - February 24, 1993) was a Canadian radio and television broadcaster and sportscaster Angus Mòr MacAskill, frequently referred to as Giant MacAskill ( 1825 - August 8, 1863) was known as the world's largest "true" Ashley Dwayne MacIsaac (born February 24, 1975 in Creignish Nova Scotia) is a Canadian professional Fiddler While MacIsaac's Creignish is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Inverness County on Cape Breton Island near the mouth of the Slowcoaster is a Canadian Indie rock band from Sydney Nova Scotia. Daniel MacIvor (born 23 July 1962) is a Canadian Actor, Playwright, theatre director and film director See also Sidney Sydney (2001 population 24115 is an urban community in Nova Scotia, Canada 's John Hugh MacLennan, CC, CQ ( 20 March 1907 - 9 November 1990) was a Canadian author and professor of English The Governor General's Awards are named in honour of the Governor General of Canada, and are presented in a number of fields Barometer Rising is a Canadian Novel by Hugh MacLennan. The story takes place in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and focuses on the
- Alistair MacLeod, Author
- Steve Arbuckle, actor
- The Barra MacNeils, singing group
- Rita MacNeil,singer-songwriter, from Big Pond
- Buddy MacMaster, fiddle player from Judique
- Natalie MacMaster, fiddle player from Troy
- Duncan Wells, singer-songwriter
- Daniel Petrie, Hollywood filmmaker
- The Rankin Family, singers-songwriters, from Mabou
- Rick Ravanello Actor, Hart's War, various TV series including 24, CSI, Desperate Housewives
- Harold Russell, Academy Award winning actor for his portrayal of Homer Parrish, in the 1946 film The Best Years of Our Lives. Alistair MacLeod (born on July 201936 in North Battleford, Saskatchewan) is a noted Canadian author and retired professor Steve Arbuckle is a Canadian actor born in the small town of Donkin, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. The Barra MacNeils are a Canadian musical group from Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia. Rita MacNeil CM ONS (born May 28, 1944) is a Canadian country and folk singer from the community Big Pond (2001 pop 47 is a community in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada located on the south shore of Bras d'Or Lake Hugh Alan "Buddy" MacMaster CM, ONS, LLD (born October 18, 1924) is one of the most renowned artists in the tradition Natalie MacMaster CM (born June 13, 1972) is an award-winning Fiddler from the rural community of Troy in Inverness County Daniel M Petrie ( November 26, 1920, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada - August 22, 2004, Los Angeles California The Rankin Family is a Canadian musical family group from Mabou, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Mabou is a small Canadian rural community located in Inverness County on the west coast of Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Island. Rick Ravanello (born 24 October, 1967) is a Canadian Actor who has appeared in several Television series and Movies An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works Hart's War is a 2002 Film about a fictional World War II Prisoner of war (POW based on the novel by John Katzenbach 24 is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American action Drama Television series. CSI Crime Scene Investigation is an American crime drama Television series that trails the investigations of a team of Las Vegas Desperate Housewives is an American Television Dramedy series created by Marc Cherry, who also serves as Show runner, and produced Harold John Russell ( January 14, 1914 - January 29, 2002) was a Canadian-American World War II veteran who became one of only two "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
- Gordie Sampson, singer-songwriter Big Pond
Athletes
Politics and business
- John Buchanan, Premier of Nova Scotia
- Mayann Francis, First Black Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia
- Angus L. MacDonald, Premier of Nova Scotia
- Rodney MacDonald, Premier of Nova Scotia
- Allan MacEachen, Former Deputy Prime Minister / Finance Minister
- Russell MacLellan, Premier of Nova Scotia
- Elizabeth May, Leader of the Green Party of Canada
- John W. Morgan, Mayor of Cape Breton Regional Municipality
- Irving Schwartz, Businessman, Philanthropist, member of the Order of Canada
See also
- Canadian Gaelic
- Cape Breton accent
- Cape Breton Labour Party
- Cape Breton Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia
- Provinces and territories of Canada
- Province of Cape Breton
- Cape Breton
References
- ^ Francisco de Souza; Tratado das Ilhas Novas, 1570
- ^ John Despard; The Companion to British History, Routledge
- ^ Table from Statistics Canada
- Counties of Nova Scotia; Statistics Canada
- Sea islands: Natural Resources Canada Atlas of Canada
- Cape Breton County and its divisions, Nova Scotia; Statistics Canada
External links
- Cape Breton Wireless Heritage Society
- Movement for a Free and Independent Province of Cape Breton
- Cape Breton Island's 4 Men In A Tub
- Cape Breton Island Directory
- Caper Canada
- Flags of Cape Breton Island, on Flags of the World.net website
- Visit Victoria County
- Hike the Highlands Festival
Dictionary
Cape Breton Island
-proper noun
- An island on the Atlantic coast of Canada, part of the province of Nova Scotia.
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