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Cannes Film Festival

Festival logo
Location Cannes, France
Language International
Official website

The Cannes Film Festival (French: le Festival de Cannes), founded in 1946, is one of the world's oldest, most influential and prestigious film festivals alongside Venice and Berlin. Cannes (kan in Occitan Canas) is a city in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people A film festival is the presentation or showcasing of Films in one or more Movie theaters or screening venues The Venice Film Festival is the oldest Film festival in the world The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the Berlinale, is one of the world's leading Film festivals and most reputable media events held in Berlin The private festival is held annually (usually in the month of May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès, in the resort town of Cannes, in the south of France. The first Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was a building built in 1949 to host the Cannes Film Festival. Cannes (kan in Occitan Canas) is a city in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

The 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival was held between 14 and 25 May 2008. The 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival was held May 14 through 25, 2008.

Contents

The Festival

The Programmes

The Cannes Film Festival is organised in various sections[1]:

The Juries

Prior to the beginning of each event, the Festival’s board of directors appoints the juries who hold sole responsibility for choosing which films will receive the blessing of a Cannes award. Jurors are chosen from a wide range of international artists, based on their body of work and respect from their peers[2].

The Awards

The most prestigious award given out at Cannes is the Palme d'Or ("Golden Palm") for the best film. The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival.

History

The "Palais des Festivals" (2000).
The "Palais des Festivals" (2000).

At the end of the 1930s, shocked by the interference of the fascist governments of Germany and Italy in the selection of films for the Mostra de Venise[3], Jean Zay, the French Minister of National Education, decided to create an international cinematographic festival in France[4], on the proposal of Philippe Erlanger and the support of the British and Americans. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Venice Film Festival is the oldest Film festival in the world The Ministry of National Education Advanced Instruction and Research (Ministre de l'Éducation nationale de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche or simply "Minister of Many towns were proposed as candidates, as Vichy, Biarritz or Algiers, although finally Cannes was the chosen one; thus, Le Festival International de Cannes was born. Vichy ( Occitan: Vichèi) is a commune in the department of Allier in Auvergne in central France. Biarritz ( French: Biarritz, bjaˈʀits Gascon Occitan: Biàrritz; Basque: Biarritz or Miarritze is a town Algiers (الجزائر Algerian Arabic: Dzayer ( (From kabyle pronunciation Kabyle: Ledzayer, Alger) is the Capital and largest

In June 1939, Louis Lumière agreed to be the president of the first festival, set to be held from 1 to 30 September 1939. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The German attack on Poland on 1 September 1939, followed by the declaration of war against Germany by France and the United Kingdom on 3 September, ended the first edition of the festival before it got to start. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. A declaration of war is a formal performative Speech act or signing of a document by an authorised party of a government in order to initate a state of War Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius

The festival was relaunched after the War in 1946, in the old Casino of Cannes, financed by the French Foreign Affairs Ministry and the City of Cannes. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Government of France, is the cabinet minister responsible for the Foreign relations of France. Although the initial spirit of the French festival was to compete with its Italian counterpart, a secret agreement took place between both nations, so that they will celebrate their international festivals in alternating years. The first Cannes Festival had a considerable success, so when the Franco-Italian agreement was made public it was heavily criticised and considered as a "capitulation of France"[5].

The next year, in 1947, the festival was held again as the Festival du film de Cannes, dropping the international nature, but only in name, as films from sixteen countries were presented. Moreover, the principle of equality was introduced, so that the jury was to be made up only of one representative per country[6]. Also, this year the festival was held at the made-for-the-occasion Palais des Festivals, although the roof was unfinished and blew off during a storm.

The festival was not held either in 1948 or 1950 on account of budgetary problems, offering no competition to the Venetian festival those years. In 1951, owing to better relations between France and Italy, the Cannes Festival was moved to Spring, while the Mostra remained in Autumn.

In 1955 the Golden Palm was created, replacing the Grand Prix du Festival which had been given until that year. The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1959 the Marché du Film (Film Market) was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. The Marché du Film (lit Film Market is the business counterpart of the Cannes Film Festival and the largest film market in the world Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce[7].

In 1962 the International Critics' Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors from all over the world, not succumbing to commercial tendencies[8]. In 1965 an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, and he was named Honorary President for life. Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 &ndash 11 October 1963 was a French Poet, Novelist, Dramatist, Designer, Boxing The next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival. Olivia Mary de Havilland (born July 1, 1916) is a two-time Academy Award -winning actress.

The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May 1968. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Some directors as Carlos Saura or Milos Forman had withdrawn their films from the competition, and on 18 May, filmmaker Louis Malle along with a group of directors took over the large room of the Palais and interrupted the projections in solidarity with students and labour on strike throughout France[9], and in protest to the eviction of the then President of the Cinémathèque Française. Carlos Saura (born 4 January 1932, Atarés, Huesca) is a Spanish film director Jan Tomáš Forman (ˈjan ˈtomaːʃ ˈforman born February 18, 1932) better known as Miloš Forman (ˈmɪloʃ ˈforman is a Czech-American Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Louis Malle (30 October 1932 &ndash 23 November 1995 was a French Film director, working in both French and English. For other events in May 1968 see 1968. Cinémathèque Française hosts the largest archive of films movie documents and film-related objects in the world The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors' Society (SRF) that same year[10]. In 1969 the SRF, led by Pierre-Henri Deleau created the Directors' Fortnight, a new non-competitive section that programs a selection of films from around the world, distinguished by the independent judgment displayed in the choice of films[11]. Directors' Fortnight ( Quinzaine des Réalisateurs) is an independent section held in parallel to the Cannes Film Festival.

During the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972 Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President, and Maurice Bessy the Managing Director. He immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival. Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films[12]. In 1978 Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra d'Or award and the Un Certain Regard section. The Caméra d'Or (" Golden Camera " is an award of the Cannes Film Festival for the best first feature film presented in one of the Cannes' selections Un Certain Regard (lit A Certain Glance fig A certain outlook is a section of the Cannes Film Festival 's Official Selection Other changes were the decrease of length of the festival down to thirteen days, reducing the number of selected films thus; also, until that point the Jury was composed by Film Academics, and Jacob started to introduce celebrities and professionals from the film industry[13].

In 1983 a new, much bigger Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed "The Bunker" and provoked many reactions against it[14]. In 1984 Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival.

It wasn't until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection: la Cinéfondation. La Cinéfondation is a foundation under the aegis of the Cannes Film Festival, created to inspire and support the next generation of international filmmakers Its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities[15]. The Cinéfondation was completed in 2000 with La Résidence and in 2005 L'Atelier. Meanwhile, the Festival would obtain its current President, Gilles Jacob, in 2000, and in 2002 officially adopted the name Festival de Cannes.

Impact

The "Palais des Festivals" in which the festival takes place.
The "Palais des Festivals" in which the festival takes place.

The festival has become an important showcase for European films. Jill Forbes and Sarah Street argue in European Cinema: An Introduction, that Cannes "became. . . extremely important for critical and commercial interests and for European attempts to sell films on the basis of their artistic quality" (page 20). [16] Forbes and Street also point out that, along with other festivals such as Venice and Berlin, Cannes offers an opportunity to determine a particular country's image of its cinema and generally foster the notion that European cinema is "art" cinema. The Venice Film Festival is the oldest Film festival in the world The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the Berlinale, is one of the world's leading Film festivals and most reputable media events held in Berlin [16]

Additionally, given massive media exposure, the non-public festival is attended by many movie stars and is a popular venue for film producers to launch their new films and attempt to sell their works to the distributors who come from all over the globe.

Cannes portrayed on film

Stars posing for photographers were a part of Cannes folklore.
Stars posing for photographers were a part of Cannes folklore.

Cannes on Television

See also

References

  1. ^ The Festival Cannes Festival website
  2. ^ Cannes juries Cannes Festival website
  3. ^ History of the Festival Website of the Commune de Cannes
  4. ^ Chronique du Cinéma, Paris: Chroniques, 1938 
  5. ^ 60th Festival of Cannes - Retrospective Ville de Cannes website. Directors' Fortnight ( Quinzaine des Réalisateurs) is an independent section held in parallel to the Cannes Film Festival. The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. (See Cannes et Venise en concurrence)
  6. ^ 60th Festival of Cannes - Retrospective Ville de Cannes website. (See Un concours équitable )
  7. ^ Festival History Cannes Festival official website
  8. ^ About the ICW International Critics' Week website.
  9. ^ 1968 Cannes Festival Cannes-fest. com archive
  10. ^ History of the Directors' Fortnight. 1968. Directors' Fortnight website
  11. ^ Directors' Fortnight Presentation Directors' Fortnight website. Retrieved September 1, 1007
  12. ^ 1972 Cannes Festival Cannes-fest. com archive
  13. ^ 1978 Cannes Festival Cannes-fest. com archive
  14. ^ 1983 Cannes Festival Cannes-fest. com archive
  15. ^ La Sélection Cinéfondation website
  16. ^ a b Forbes, Jill; Street, Sarah (2001). European Cinema: An Introduction. London: Palgrave Macmillan. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Macmillan Publishers Ltd, also known as The Macmillan Group, is a privately-held International Publishing company owned by Georg von Holtzbrinck ISBN 0-333-75210-4.  

External links

Dina Iordanova (born 1960 is Professor of Film Studies at the University of St
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