| Canberra Australian Capital Territory |
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 Location of Canberra within Australia |
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| Population: | 333,940 (June 2006) [1] (8th) | ||||||
| • Density: | 1005/km² (2602. } The Australian Capital Territory (ACT is the Capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and its smallest self-governing internal territory For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This list of Australian cities by population briefly explains the three different population figures given for Australian cities and provides rankings for each Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/sq mi) (2006, including Queanbeyan)[2] | ||||||
| Established: | 12 March 1913 | ||||||
| Coordinates: | Coordinates: | ||||||
| Area: | 805. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 6 km² (311. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 0 sq mi) | ||||||
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Canberra (pronounced /ˈkænbɹə/[3]) is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Australia. Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. Australian English is a non-rhotic variety of English spoken by most native-born Australians There are eight capital cities in Australia, all of which function at a sub-national level For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. With a population of over 334,000, it is Australia's largest inland city. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory, 280 km (170 mi) south-west of Sydney, and 650 km (400 mi) north-east of Melbourne. } The Australian Capital Territory (ACT is the Capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and its smallest self-governing internal territory Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as a compromise between age-old rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities. This list of Australian cities by population briefly explains the three different population figures given for Australian cities and provides rankings for each It is unusual among Australian cities, being an entirely purpose-built, planned city. A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically Following an international contest for the city's design, a design by the Chicago architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construction commenced in 1913. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Walter Burley Griffin November 24, 1876 &ndash February 11, 1937) was a US Architect and Landscape architect, Marion Lucy Mahony Griffin (born February 14 1871 in Chicago, died August 10 1961 in Chicago was a celebrated American The city's design was heavily influenced by the garden city movement and incorporates significant areas of natural vegetation that have earned Canberra the title "bush capital". The garden city movement is an approach to Urban planning that was founded in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom Although the growth and development of Canberra were hindered by the World Wars and the Great Depression, it emerged as a thriving city after World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
As the seat of the government of Australia, Canberra is the site of Parliament House, the High Court of Australia and numerous government departments and agencies. This article describes the federal government of Australia See Australian governments for other jurisdictions Parliament House is the meeting place of the Parliament of Australia. The High Court of Australia is the final court of appeal in Australia the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. It is also the location of many social and cultural institutions of national significance, such as the National Gallery of Australia and the National Museum of Australia. The National Gallery of Australia is the premier art gallery and museum in Australia, holding over 120000 works of Art. The National Museum of Australia was formally established by the National Museum of Australia Act 1980. The federal government contributes the largest percentage of Gross State Product and is the largest single employer in Canberra.
Contents |
History
Before European settlement, the area in which Canberra would eventually be constructed was seasonally inhabited by the Ngunnawal and Walgalu tribes. The History of Canberra details the development of the city of Canberra from the time before white settlement to Canberra 's planning by the Chicago The Ngunnawal people (alternatively Ngunawal tribe) are the Indigenous Australian inhabitants whose traditional lands encompass much of the area now occupied by the The Walgalu one of the two Aboriginal peoples who originally lived in the region now occupied by Canberra, the capital of Australia, and is officially recognized See also Indigenous Australians This List of Indigenous Australian group names contains names and collective designations which have been applied either formerly The Ngarigo lived south-east of the Canberra area, the Gundungurra to the north, the Yuin on the coast and the Wiradjuri to the west. The Ngarigo people were the aboriginal people who lived south-east of the Canberra area, According to Norman Tindale in his 1974 catalogue of Australian The Wiradjuri (many other spellings see below are an Indigenous Australian group of central New South Wales. Archaeological evidence from the Canberra region suggests human habitation in the area for at least 21,000 years. The word "Canberra" is derived from the name of the local Ngabri people dialect, one of the Ngunnawal family groups, from the word Kanbarra meaning "meeting place" in the old Ngunnawal language. Ngabri or Ngamberri is a term used by a group of Aboriginal Australians. Ngunnawal or Ngunawal is an Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Ngunawal people. The Ngunnawal name was apparently used as a reference to corroborees held during the seasonal migration of the Ngunawal people to feast on the Bogong moths that pass through the region each spring. For the frog of the same name see Corroboree frog. For the Split Enz album see Waiata. The Bogong moth ( Agrotis infusa) is a temperate Species of night-flying Moth notable for appearing in large numbers around major public buildings
European exploration and settlement started in the Canberra area as early as the 1820s. There were four expeditions between 1820 and 1824. White settlement of the area probably dates from 1824, when a homestead or station was built on what is now the Acton peninsula by stockmen employed by Joshua John Moore. He formally purchased the site in 1826, and named the property Canberry. The European population in the Canberra area continued to grow slowly throughout the 19th century. Among them was the Campbell family of "Duntroon"; their imposing stone house is now the officers' mess of the Royal Military College, Duntroon. The Royal Military College Duntroon is Australia 's Military academy where Staff Cadets train for commissioning into the Australian Army The Campbells sponsored settlement by other farmer families to work their land, such as the Southwells of "Weetangera". Weetangera is a suburb in the Canberra, Australia district of Belconnen. Other notable early settlers included the inter-related Murray and Gibbes families, who owned the Yarralumla estate - now the site of the official residence of the Governor-General of Australia - from the 1830s through to 1881. Yarralumla is a large inner south Suburb of Canberra, the capital city of Australia The term governor general or governor-general refers to a vice-regal representative of a Monarch in an independent realm or a major colonial circonscription The oldest surviving public building in the inner-city is the Anglican Church of St John the Baptist, in the suburb of Reid, which was consecrated in 1845. Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. St John's churchyard contains the graves of many of the district's pioneers. As the European presence increased, the indigenous population dwindled, mainly from disease such as smallpox and measles.
The district's change from a New South Wales (NSW) rural area to the national capital started during debates over Federation in the late 19th century. The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Following a long dispute over whether Sydney or Melbourne should be the national capital, a compromise was reached: the new capital would be built in New South Wales, so long as it was no closer than 100 miles (160 km) to Sydney, with Melbourne to be the temporary capital while the new capital was built. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Canberra was chosen as the site in 1908, as a result of survey work done by the government surveyor Charles Scrivener. Surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional space Position of points and the distances and angles between Charles Robert Scrivener ( November 2, 1855 - September 26, 1923) was an Australian surveyor, and the person who surveyed The NSW government ceded the Federal Capital Territory (as it was then known) to the federal government. In an international design competition conducted by the Department of Home Affairs, on 1 January 1910, the design by Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was chosen for the city, and in 1913 Griffin was appointed Federal Capital Director of Design and Construction and construction began. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Walter Burley Griffin November 24, 1876 &ndash February 11, 1937) was a US Architect and Landscape architect, On 12 March 1913, the city was officially given its name by Lady Denman, the wife of the then Governor-General Lord Denman at a ceremony at Kurrajong Hill, which has since become Capital Hill and the site of the present Parliament House. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Gertrude Mary Denman Baroness Denman, GBE ( 7 November 1884 - 2 June 1954) was a British woman active in women's rights The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia of the monarch of Australia (currently Elizabeth II Queen of Australia) Thomas Denman 3rd Baron Denman GCMG, KCVO, PC ( 16 November 1874 &ndash 24 June 1954) was a British Parliament House is the meeting place of the Parliament of Australia. Canberra Day is a public holiday observed in the city and the surrounding Australian Capital Territory (ACT) on the second Monday in March to celebrate the founding of Canberra. Canberra Day is a public holiday held annually on the second Monday in March in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT to celebrate the official naming of Canberra } The Australian Capital Territory (ACT is the Capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and its smallest self-governing internal territory
The federal government moved to Canberra on 9 May 1927, with the opening of the Provisional Parliament House. Questacon – the National Science and Technology Centre, is located on the southern shore of Lake Burley Griffin in Canberra, Australia. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Old Parliament House, formerly known as the Provisional Parliament House, was the seat of the Parliament of Australia from 1927 to 1988 The Prime Minister, Stanley Bruce, had officially taken up residence in The Lodge a few days earlier. Stanley Melbourne Bruce 1st Viscount Bruce of Melbourne, CH, MC, FRS, PC (15 April 1883&ndash25 August 1967 was an Australian politician and The Lodge is the official residence of the Prime Minister of Australia and also the residence of the prime minister's family in the national capital Canberra Planned development of the city slowed significantly during the depression of the 1930s and during World War II. The Great Depression of the 1930s was an economic catastrophe that severely affected most nations of the world and Australia was not immune World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Some projects planned for that time, for example, Roman Catholic and Anglican cathedrals, were never completed. See also Catholic Church, Christianity in Australia The Catholic Church in Australia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual The Anglican Church of Australia, a member church of the Anglican Communion, was previously officially known as the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania (renamed The development of Canberra gained pace after the Second World War, and it has grown beyond the original planners’ expectations since then. Several Government departments, together with public servants, were moved to Canberra from Melbourne following the war. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Government housing projects were undertaken to accommodate the city's growing population. Government built housing in Canberra and the Australian Capital Territory has a history stemming from the decision to build the National Capital in the bush Parts of Canberra's north and south were further developed in the 1950s, and urban development in the districts of Woden Valley and Belconnen commenced in the mid and late 1960s, respectively. North Canberra, also known as the Inner North, is a district of Canberra, the capital city of Australia, composed of 15 suburbs with 15150 dwellings housing South Canberra or the Inner South is a central district of Canberra, the capital city of Australia. The suburbs of Canberra are organised into a hierarchy of districts town centres group centres local suburbs and other industrial areas and villages For the Canberra suburb of Belconnen see Belconnen Australian Capital Territory Belconnen is a district of Canberra, the Capital city Lake Burley Griffin was completed in 1963. Lake Burley Griffin is an artificial lake in the centre of Canberra, Australia's federal Capital city.
On 27 January 1972 the Aboriginal Tent Embassy was first established on the grounds of Parliament House; it was created to draw attention to indigenous rights and land issues and has been continuously occupied since 1992. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Aboriginal Tent Embassy is a Controversial semi-permanent assemblage claiming to represent the political rights of Australian Aborigines On 9 May 1988, a larger and permanent Parliament House was opened on Capital Hill as part of Australia's bicentenary celebrations, and the Federal Parliament moved there from the Provisional Parliament House, now known as Old Parliament House. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) In December 1988, the ACT was granted full self-government through an Act of the Commonwealth Parliament. Following the first elections in February 1989, a 17-member Legislative Assembly sat at its offices in London Circuit, Civic, on 11 May 1989. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Australian Labor Party formed the ACT's first government, led by the Chief Minister Rosemary Follett, who made history as Australia's first female head of government. Rosemary Follett AO (born 27 March 1948) Australian politician was the first Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory –
On 18 January 2003, parts of Canberra were engulfed by a bushfire that killed four people and destroyed 491 homes and the major research telescopes and workshop at the Australian National University's Mount Stromlo Observatory. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Canberra bushfires of 2003 caused severe damage to the outskirts of Canberra, the Australian capital city The Australian National University, commonly abbreviated to ANU, is a public Research university situated in Canberra, Australia. Mount Stromlo Observatory ( MSO) located just outside of Canberra, Australia, is part of the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Geography
Canberra covers an area of 805. } The Australian Capital Territory (ACT is the Capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and its smallest self-governing internal territory North Canberra, also known as the Inner North, is a district of Canberra, the capital city of Australia, composed of 15 suburbs with 15150 dwellings housing South Canberra or the Inner South is a central district of Canberra, the capital city of Australia. For the Canberra suburb of Belconnen see Belconnen Australian Capital Territory Belconnen is a district of Canberra, the Capital city Weston Creek is a district of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia which lies west of the Woden Valley district Tuggeranong is the southernmost town centre of Canberra, the Capital city of Australia. For the Canberra suburb of Gungahlin see Gungahlin Australian Capital Territory Gungahlin is a northern district of Canberra, 6 square kilometres (311. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 0 sq. mi) and is located near the Brindabella Ranges (Brendy Bear Ranges), approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) inland from Australia's east coast. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Brindabella Ranges is a Mountain range in New South Wales, Australia. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The Eastern states of Australia refers to the states adjoining the east coast of Australia. It is located at altitudes that range from 550 metres to 700 metres (1,800 to 2,300 ft) AHD. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The Australian Height Datum is a Geodetic datum for Altitude measurement in Australia. The highest point is Mount Majura at 888 metres (2,913 ft). Mount Majura, is a small mountain located in Canberra, Australia. Other large hills include Mt Taylor, Mt Ainslie, Mt Mugga Mugga and Black Mountain. Mount Taylor is a prominent hill located between the Woden Valley, Weston Creek district and Tuggeranong Valley, in Canberra, Black Mountain is situated close to the central business district of Australia 's capital city Canberra. The surrounding bushland and the original bushland that Canberra was built in is a mixture of eucalyptus savanna, open grassland, scrubland, swamp and dry eucalyptus forests. The term bushland usually refers to an area that has only a sparse flora and fauna. A savanna or savannah is a Tropical or Subtropical Grassland or Woodland Ecosystem. Scrubland is a Plant community characterized by scrub Vegetation. A swamp is a Wetland featuring temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water
The Molonglo River flows through Canberra and has been dammed to form the body of water in the centre of the city called Lake Burley Griffin. The Molonglo River rises on the western side of the Great Dividing Range of eastern Australia in the state of New South Wales. Lake Burley Griffin is an artificial lake in the centre of Canberra, Australia's federal Capital city. The Molonglo then flows into the Murrumbidgee north-west of Canberra, which in turn flows north-west toward the New South Wales town of Yass. The Murrumbidgee River is a major river in the state of New South Wales, Australia, and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT The Queanbeyan River joins the Molonglo River at Oaks Estate just within the ACT. The Queanbeyan River joins the Molonglo River at Oaks Estate just within the Australian Capital Territory. A number of creeks, including Jerrabomberra and Yarralumla Creeks, flow into the Molonglo and Murrumbidgee. Two of these creeks, the Ginninderra and Tuggeranong, have similarly been dammed to form Lakes Ginninderra and Tuggeranong. Lake Ginninderra is an artificial Lake located on the Ginninderra Creek in Canberra. Lake Tuggeranong is an Artificial lake in the Canberra district of Tuggeranong. Until recently the Molonglo had a history of sometimes lethal floods; the area was a flood plain prior to the filling of Lake Burley Griffin.
Climate
Canberra has four distinct seasons, because of its latitude, elevation and distance from the coast. The climates of most Australian coastal areas, which include all the state capital cities, are moderated by the sea. Canberra experiences hot, dry summers, and cold winters with heavy fog and frequent frosts, with a rare spot of snow in the CBD but the surrounding areas get annual snowfall through winter and often the snow capped mountains can be seen from the cbd. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city The highest recorded maximum temperature was 42. 2 °C (108 °F) on 1 February 1968. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [5] The lowest recorded minimum temperature was −10. 0 °C (14 °F) on 11 July 1971. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Light snow falls in the city in one out of approximately three winters but is usually not widespread and quickly dissipates. Thunderstorms can occur between September and March, with rainfall maximums in spring and summer.
Urban structure
Canberra is a planned city that was originally designed by Walter Burley Griffin, a major 20th century American architect. The suburbs of Canberra are organised into a hierarchy of districts town centres group centres local suburbs and other industrial areas and villages The Parliamentary Triangle is the ceremonial precinct of Canberra, containing some of Australia's most significant buildings A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically Walter Burley Griffin November 24, 1876 &ndash February 11, 1937) was a US Architect and Landscape architect, Major roads follow a wheel-and-spoke pattern rather than a grid. The city centre is laid out on two perpendicular axes: a water axis stretching along Lake Burley Griffin, and a ceremonial land axis stretching from Parliament House on Capital Hill north-eastward along ANZAC Parade to the Australian War Memorial at the foot of Mt Ainslie. Lake Burley Griffin is an artificial lake in the centre of Canberra, Australia's federal Capital city. Capital Hill (,( postcode: 2600 is the location of Parliament House Canberra, at the south apex of the land axis of the Parliamentary Triangle. The Australian War Memorial is Australia 's national memorial to the members of all its armed forces and supporting organisations who have died or participated The area known as the Parliamentary Triangle is formed by three of Burley Griffin's axes, stretching from Capital Hill along Commonwealth Avenue to the Civic Centre around City Hill, along Constitution Avenue to the Defence precinct on Russell Hill, and along Kings Avenue back to Capital Hill. The Parliamentary Triangle is the ceremonial precinct of Canberra, containing some of Australia's most significant buildings Commonwealth Avenue is a major road in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
The urban areas of Canberra are organised into a hierarchy of districts, town centres, group centres, local suburbs as well as other industrial areas and villages. There are seven districts, each of which is divided into smaller suburbs, and most of which have a town centre which is the focus of commercial and social activities. The districts were settled in the following chronological order:
- North Canberra, mostly settled in the 1920s and '30s, with expansion up to the 1960s, now 15 suburbs
- South Canberra, settled from the 1920s to '60s, 12 suburbs
- Woden Valley, first settled in 1963, 13 suburbs
- Belconnen, first settled in 1967, 25 suburbs
- Weston Creek, settled in 1969, 8 suburbs
- Tuggeranong, settled in 1974, 19 suburbs
- Gungahlin, settled in the early 1990s, 7 suburbs to date
The North and South Canberra districts are substantially based on Walter Burley Griffin's designs. North Canberra, also known as the Inner North, is a district of Canberra, the capital city of Australia, composed of 15 suburbs with 15150 dwellings housing South Canberra or the Inner South is a central district of Canberra, the capital city of Australia. For the Canberra suburb of Belconnen see Belconnen Australian Capital Territory Belconnen is a district of Canberra, the Capital city Weston Creek is a district of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia which lies west of the Woden Valley district Tuggeranong is the southernmost town centre of Canberra, the Capital city of Australia. For the Canberra suburb of Gungahlin see Gungahlin Australian Capital Territory Gungahlin is a northern district of Canberra, Tuggeranong Hill is located in Tuggeranong Canberra. While it is called a hill it is by definition a mountain In 1967 the then National Capital Development Commission adopted the "Y Plan" which laid out future urban development in Canberra around a series of central shopping and commercial area known as the 'town centres' linked by freeways, the layout of which roughly resembled the shape of the letter Y, with Tuggeranong at the base of the Y and Belconnen and Gungahlin located at the ends of the arms of the Y. The National Capital Development Commission (NCDC was an Australian Commonwealth Government body created to complete the establishment of Canberra as the Development in Canberra has been closely regulated by government, both through the town planning process, but also through the use of crown lease terms that have tightly limited the use of parcels of land. All land in the ACT is held on 99 year leases from the national government, although most leases are now administered by the Territory government.
Most suburbs have their own local shops, and are located close to a larger shopping centre serving a group of suburbs. Community facilities and schools are often also located near local shops or group shopping centres. Many of Canberra's suburbs are named after former Prime Ministers, famous Australians, early settlers, or use Aboriginal words for their title. This is a list of suburbs in the city of Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Street names typically follow a particular theme; for example, the streets of Duffy are named after Australian dams and weirs, and the streets of Page are named after biologists and naturalists. A street name or odonym is an identifying name given to a Street. Duffy ( postcode: 2611 is a suburb in the Canberra district of Weston Creek. Page is a suburb of Canberra, in the district of Belconnen. The suburb is named in honour of Sir Earle Page, a former Prime Minister. Most diplomatic missions are located in the suburbs of Yarralumla, Deakin and O'Malley. A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one State or an international Inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in Yarralumla is a large inner south Suburb of Canberra, the capital city of Australia Deakin ( postcode: 2600 is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. O'Malley ( postcode: 2606 is a suburb in the Canberra district of Woden Valley. There are three light industrial areas: the suburbs of Fyshwick, Mitchell and Hume. Fyshwick ( postcode: 2609 is an industrial suburb of Canberra, located east of the South Canberra district Mitchell is a light-industrial suburb in Canberra in the district of North Canberra. Hume is a suburb of Canberra in the district of Tuggeranong. The suburb is named after the explorer Hamilton Hume and streets are named after Australian industrialists
Governance
& the statue Ethos (Tom Bass, 1961)
Outside Canberra, the Australian Capital Territory has no settlements larger than a village. The Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly performs the roles of both a city council and territory government. Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly (or more formally and fully the Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory is the Unicameral legislature A city council is a form of Local government, usually covering a City or other Urban area, such as a Town. The Assembly consists of 17 members, elected from three districts using proportional representation. The three districts are Molonglo, Ginninderra and Brindabella, which elect seven, five and five members, respectively. The Molonglo electorate is one of the three electorates for the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly. The Ginninderra electorate is one of the three electorates for the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly. The Brindabella electorate is one of the three electorates for the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly. The Chief Minister is elected by the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) and selects another four MLAs to serve as Ministers to form, with the Chief Minister, an Executive (known informally as the cabinet. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. ) At the 2004 election the Australian Labor Party, headed by Chief Minister Jon Stanhope, won nine of the 17 seats and formed the ACT's first majority government. For the 18th century British politician see John
The Australian national government retains some influence over the ACT government. In the administrative sphere, most frequently this is through the actions of the National Capital Authority which is responsible for planning and development in areas of Canberra which are considered to be of national importance or which are central to Griffin's plan for the city, such as the Parliamentary Triangle, major approach and processional roads, areas where the Commonwealth retains ownership of the land or undeveloped hills and ridge-lines (which form part of the Canberra Nature Park). The National Capital Authority (NCA is a body of the Australian Government that was established to manage the Commonwealth's interest in the planning and development of The national government also retains a level of control over the Territory Assembly through the provisions of the Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988. Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government Act 1988 is an Act of the Parliament of Australia enacted on 6 December 1988 that establishes ‘a body politic under This Act of the national Parliament is the constitution for the ACT and limits the range of matters upon which the Assembly can legislate.
The Australian Federal Police provides all of the police services of a state police force under a contractual agreement with the Australian Capital Territory Government. The Australian Federal Police (AFP is the Federal police agency of the Commonwealth of Australia. People who have been charged with offences are tried either in the ACT Magistrate's Court or, for more severe offences, the ACT Supreme Court. The Magistrates Court of the Australian Capital Territory is a court of summary jurisdiction in the Australian Capital Territory, a territory of Australia. The Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory is the superior court for the ACT. Prisoners can be held in remand at the Belconnen Remand Centre in the ACT. Detention of suspects is the process of keeping a person who has been Arrested in a police-cell prison or other detention centre before Trial or Sentencing For the Canberra suburb of Belconnen see Belconnen Australian Capital Territory Belconnen is a district of Canberra, the Capital city As at 2008 there is no prison in the ACT, so people who have been sentenced to imprisonment serve their sentence in NSW; a new prison, the Alexander Maconochie Centre, is currently under construction. History The new facility has been the subject of controversy given the large initial cost estimates and the cost blow out revealed in recent costings Courts such as a Small Claims Tribunal and a Family Court exist for civil law actions and other non-criminal legal matters. The Family Court of Australia is a federal Australian court created by the Family Law Act 1975 as a specialist court dealing with family law
Economy
As of July 2006, the unemployment rate in Canberra is 2. 8%, well below the national unemployment rate of 4. 8%,[6] with labour shortages reported in some sectors. As a result of low unemployment and substantial levels of public sector and commercial employment, Canberra has the highest average disposable income of any Australian capital city. [7] The gross average weekly wage of a Canberra resident is $1,208. The Australian dollar ( sign: $; code: AUD) is the Currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas 50, compared with the Australia wide average of $1,043. 10. [8] The median house price in Canberra as of June 2005 was $352,500, lower than Sydney, Melbourne and Perth but higher than all other capital cities. [9] The median house price in September 2006 was $375,000[10] The average price in November 2006 was $411,305. [11] The median weekly rent paid by Canberra residents is higher than rents in all other states and territories. [12] As at the September quarter of 2006 the median rent for a 3 bedroom house was $320 per week. This is the highest of all capital cities in Australia. The median rent for 'other' dwellings is $300 per week. [10]
The city's main industry is government administration and defence, which accounted for 26. 1% of Gross Territory Product in 2003–04 and employed over 40% of Canberra's workforce. [8][13] The major public-sector employers in Canberra include the parliament and government departments such as Department of Defence, Finance, Foreign Affairs and Trade, and Treasury. A number of Australian Defence Force establishments are located in or near Canberra, most notably the Australian Defence Force headquarters and HMAS Harman, which is a naval communications centre that is being converted into a tri-service, multi-user depot. The Australian Defence Force (ADF is the military organisation responsible for the defence of Australia HMAS Harman provides Navy administrative functions to all Navy personnel located in the Canberra area ( Australian Capital Territory and southern The former RAAF Fairbairn, adjacent to the Canberra International Airport was sold to the operators of the Airport, but the base continues to be used for RAAF VIP flights. Fairbairn was a base of the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) located in Australia 's national capital Canberra, Australian Capital The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force.
A growing number of independent software vendors have based themselves in Canberra, to capitalise on the concentration of government customers. Notable among these are QSP, Tower Software, RuleBurst and The Distillery. TOWER Software is a Software development company founded in 1985 in Canberra, Australia. RuleBurst Limited is a Canberra, Australia-based Independent software vendor that develops and distributes the RuleBurst 8 and Oasis suites of software products Property and business services, construction, health and community services, and education are other significant contributors to the economy of Canberra.
Demographics
As of 2006, the population of Canberra was 325,800 people,[14] and the city has a population density of 401. Kingston ( postcode: 2604 is an early inner-south suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 0 persons per square kilometre (1,038. 6/sq mi), which is dense with respect to other Australian cities. The 2001 census showed that 1. 2% of Canberra's population were of indigenous origin and 21. 6% were born overseas. [15] The largest group of people born overseas came from English-speaking countries, led by the United Kingdom and then New Zealand. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Significant numbers of immigrants have also come from Germany, Italy and Vietnam. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Recent immigrants have arrived from countries in east and south Asia. [16] Most Canberrans are native speakers of English; many have a second language, the most common being Chinese, Italian, Croatian and Greek. Australian English ( AuE, AusE, en-AU) is the form of the English language used in Australia. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly
Canberrans are relatively young, highly mobile, and well educated. Population mobility, geographic mobility or more simply mobility is a statistic that measures migration within a population The average age is 32 years, and only 8. 3% of the population is aged over 65 years. [15] Between 1996 and 2001, 61. 9% of the population either moved to or from Canberra, which is the second highest mobility rate of any Australian capital city. [17] As of May 2004, 30% of people in the ACT aged 15–64 had a level of educational attainment equal to at least a bachelor's degree, significantly higher that the national average of 19%. A bachelor's degree is usually an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three four or in some cases and [18] Approximately 50% of Canberra residents describe themselves as Christian, the most common denominations being Catholic and Anglican; less than 3% of the population practice a non-Christian religion and 23% are not religious. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs [15]
As of 2002 the most common crimes in Canberra are property related crimes, unlawful entry with intent and motor vehicle theft. In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment They affect 1,961 and 630 of every 100,000 persons respectively. Homicide and related offences (including Murder, Attempted Murder, Manslaughter and Driving Causing Death) affect 1. List of countries by homicide rate Homicide ( Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut kill refers to the act of killing another 5/100,000 persons which is below the national average of 4. 9/100,000. Rates of assault and sexual assault are also below the national average. Assault is a Crime of Violence against another person. In some Jurisdictions including Australia and New Zealand, Sexual assault is any Assault of a sexual nature on another person [19]
Education
The two main tertiary institutions are the Australian National University (ANU) in Acton and the University of Canberra (UC) in Bruce. Almost all educational institutions in the Australian Capital Territory are located within Canberra. The Australian National University, commonly abbreviated to ANU, is a public Research university situated in Canberra, Australia. The Australian National University, commonly abbreviated to ANU, is a public Research university situated in Canberra, Australia. Acton ( postcode: 2601 is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The University of Canberra, also known as UC, is a University located in Canberra, ACT, the capital of Australia. Bruce is a suburb of Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia. The ANU was established as a research university in 1946; it continues to have a strong research focus and is ranked among the best universities in the world in The Times Higher Education Supplement and the Shanghai Jiao Tong World University Rankings. Times Higher Education ( THE) formerly The Times Higher Education Supplement ( THES) is a magazine based [20] Both ANU and UC also have campuses interstate and overseas. There are also two religious university campuses in Canberra: Signadou in the North Canberra suburb of Watson is a campus of the Australian Catholic University; St Mark's Theological College adjacent to the Parliament House is a campus of the secular Charles Sturt University. Watson is a suburb in the North Canberra district of Canberra, the so-called "Inner North" Australian Catholic University, or ACU National, is Australia's only public Catholic university Charles Sturt University ( CSU) is an Australian multi-campus University in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory
The Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) and the Royal Military College, Duntroon are near the suburb of Campbell in Canberra's inner north-east. The Royal Military College Duntroon is Australia 's Military academy where Staff Cadets train for commissioning into the Australian Army Campbell ( postcode: 2612 is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. ADFA teaches military undergraduates and postgraduates and is officially a campus of the University of New South Wales; Duntroon provides Australian Army Officer training. A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree. See also Postgraduate Training in Education Postgraduate education (synonymous in North America with graduate education, and sometimes described A campus is traditionally the land on which a College or University and related institutional buildings are situated The University of New South Wales, also known as UNSW or colloquially as New South, is a University situated in Kensington, a suburb in The Australian Army is Australia's military land force It is part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF along with the Royal Australian Navy and the An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge skills and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge Tertiary level vocational education is also available through the multi-campus Canberra Institute of Technology. The Canberra Institute of Technology (CIT is a vocational education provider in the Australian Capital Territory, and is one of a system of TAFEs Qualifications offered
In February 2004 there were 140 public and non-governmental schools in Canberra; 96 were operated by the Government and 44 are non-Government. There are numerous public and non-governmental schools in the Australian Capital Territory. During 2006 the ACT Government announced closures of up to 39 schools, to take effect from the end of the school year and after a series of consultations the Government announced its "Towards 2020: Renewing Our Schools"[21] plan that closed some schools at the end of 2006 with more in 2007 and 2008, while consolidating school campuses and opening 'super-schools' (large public schools for kindergarten through to year 12) through to 2020. Most suburbs are planned to include a primary school and a nearby preschool, and schools are usually located near open areas for play and sports. See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory
Culture
Arts and entertainment
Canberra is home to many national monuments and institutions such as the Australian War Memorial, the National Gallery of Australia, the National Portrait Gallery currently housed at Old Parliament House, the National Library of Australia, the National Archives of Australia, and the National Museum of Australia. The National Museum of Australia was formally established by the National Museum of Australia Act 1980. Floriade is a flower and entertainment Festival held annually in Canberra 's Commonwealth Park featuring extensive displays of flowering Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly (or more formally and fully the Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory is the Unicameral legislature Canberra Museum and Gallery, an Art gallery and Museum in Canberra, the capital of Australia. The Australian War Memorial is Australia 's national memorial to the members of all its armed forces and supporting organisations who have died or participated The National Gallery of Australia is the premier art gallery and museum in Australia, holding over 120000 works of Art. The National Portrait Gallery of Australia is a collection of Portraits of prominent Australians that are important in their field of endeavour or whose life sets them The National Library of Australia is the country's largest reference library responsible under the terms of the National Library Act for "maintaining and developing a national The National Archives of Australia is a body established by the Government of Australia for the purpose of preserving Commonwealth Government records The National Museum of Australia was formally established by the National Museum of Australia Act 1980. Many Commonwealth government buildings in Canberra are open to the public, including Parliament House, the High Court and the Royal Australian Mint. Parliament House is the meeting place of the Parliament of Australia. The High Court of Australia is the final court of appeal in Australia the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. The Royal Australian Mint (RAM is situated in the Australian federal capital city of Canberra, in the suburb of Deakin. Lake Burley Griffin is the site of the Captain Cook Memorial and the National Carillon. The National Carillon, situated on Aspen Island in central Canberra, Australia is a large Carillon managed and maintained by the National Other sites of interest include the Telstra Tower and the Australian National Botanic Gardens on Black Mountain, the National Zoo and Aquarium on Scrivener Dam, the National Dinosaur Museum and Questacon – the National Science and Technology Centre. The Telstra Tower (also known as Black Mountain Tower) is a telecommunication tower that is situated above the summit of Black Mountain in the Australian History of the Gardens When Canberra was being planned in the 1930s the establishment of the gardens was recommended in a report in 1933 by the Advisory Council of Federal Black Mountain is situated close to the central business district of Australia 's capital city Canberra. The National Zoo and Aquarium is a privately owned Zoo and Aquarium in the Australian capital city Canberra. The National Dinosaur Museum is the Southern hemisphere 's largest permanent display of Prehistoric material located in Gold Creek Village near Canberra Questacon – the National Science and Technology Centre, is located on the southern shore of Lake Burley Griffin in Canberra, Australia.
The Canberra Museum and Gallery in Civic is a repository of local history and art. Canberra Museum and Gallery, an Art gallery and Museum in Canberra, the capital of Australia. City Centre or Civic ( postcode: 2601 is the Central business district of Canberra, Australia 's capital city Several historic homes are open to the public: Lanyon and Tuggeranong Homesteads in the Tuggeranong Valley, Mugga-Mugga in Symonston, and Blundells' Cottage in Parkes all display the lifestyle of the early European settlers. Tuggeranong is the southernmost town centre of Canberra, the Capital city of Australia. Symonston ( postcode: 2609 is a primarily industrial and agricultural suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Parkes ( postcode: 2600 is an inner suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Calthorpes' House in Red Hill is a well preserved example of a 1920s house from Canberra's very early days. Red Hill ( postcode: 2603 is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Duntroon House, in the suburb of Campbell, was one of the district's earliest homesteads and is now the officers' mess at Royal Military College; it is occasionally open to the public. Duntroon is a suburb of the city of Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. Campbell ( postcode: 2612 is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The Royal Military College Duntroon is Australia 's Military academy where Staff Cadets train for commissioning into the Australian Army
Canberra has many venues for live music and theatre: the Canberra Theatre and Playhouse which hosts many major concerts and productions; and Llewellyn Hall (within the ANU School of Music), a world-class concert hall are two of the largest. Canberra is the capital city of Australia, and the Australian Capital Territory. The Canberra Theatre Centre is the Australian Capital Territory ’s central Performing arts venue and Australia ’s first performing arts centre the first The Street Theatre, also located on Childers Street, operates as a venue for local professional and amateur production companies, as well as producing a season of professional shows each year. The Albert Hall was the city's first performing arts venue, opened in 1928. The Albert Hall is a Hall in Canberra, Australia, used for entertainment It was the original performance venue for theatre groups such as the Canberra Repertory Society and the Canberra Philharmonic Society. The city boasts a very large number of amateur theatre groups for its population base, including many that focus primarily on musicals.
Stonefest at the University of Canberra is Canberra's largest music festival. Stonefest, once called Stone Day, is a large music festival held at the University of Canberra annually at the end of October Canberra is also the home turf of an Australian hip-hop duo, Koolism. Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. Koolism is an Australian hip hop duo originating from Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. There are numerous bars and nightclubs which also offer live entertainment, particularly concentrated in the areas of Dickson, Kingston and the City Centre. Dickson ( postcode: 2602 is a suburb in the Inner North of Canberra, Australia Kingston ( postcode: 2604 is an early inner-south suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. City Centre or Civic ( postcode: 2601 is the Central business district of Canberra, Australia 's capital city Most town centres have facilities for a community theatre and a cinema, and they all have a library. Popular cultural events include the National Folk Festival, the Royal Canberra Show, the Summernats car festival, the Canberra Multicultural Festival in February and the Celebrate Canberra festival which is held over 10 days in March in conjunction with Canberra Day. The National Folk Festival is a Festival celebrating Australian folk culture first held in Melbourne in 1967. The Royal Canberra Show is an Agricultural show that has been staged annually in Canberra since 1927 by the Royal National Capital Agricultural Society Summernats is a car festival held in Canberra, Australia. Summernats is held annually usually at the start of the year in January
Canberra has a number of sister cities, including Atlanta in the United States, Beijing in China, Dili in East Timor, Nara in Japan, and Versailles in France. The Kasuga Shrine ( Japanese: 春日大社 Kasuga-taisha) is a Shinto shrine in the city of Nara, in Nara Prefecture, The United States of America —commonly referred to as the China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Dili, also spelled Díli, is the Capital and largest city of Timor Leste (formerly called East Timor. East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste (officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) is a country in Southeast Asia. is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Versailles (vɛʀsaj in French) formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Cultural exchange happens to some extent with each city. The largest community event associated with a sister city is the Canberra Nara Candle Festival which is held in October.
Media
As Australia's political centre, Canberra is an important centre for much of Australia's political reportage and thus all the major media organisations, including the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, the commercial television networks, and the metropolitan newspapers maintain local bureaus. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. Many news organisations are represented in the "press gallery", a group of journalists who report on the national parliament. The Canberra Press Gallery, officially called the Federal Parliamentary Press Gallery, is the name given to the approximately 180 journalists and their support staff including The Parliament of Australia or Commonwealth Parliament is the legislative branch of government of Australia. The National Press Club of Australia in Barton has regular television broadcasts of its weekly lunches at which a prominent guest, typically a politician, delivers a half-hour speech followed by a question-and-answer session. Barton ( postcode: 2600 is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Canberra has a daily newspaper, the Canberra Times, which was established in 1926, and some free weekly suburban and special interest publications, one of these being CityNews. The Canberra Times Newspaper was founded in 1926 in Canberra, Australia by Arthur Shakespeare. Canberra has free-to-air analogue television stations including two government funded (ABC and SBS) and three commercial stations (Prime, WIN and Southern Cross Ten) as well as four free-to-air digital services Prime HD, WIN HD, ABC2 and SBS News. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS is one of two government-funded Australian Public broadcasting radio and television networks, the other being the Prime Television is an Australian television network owned by Prime Television Limited. WIN Television is an Australian television network owned by the WIN Corporation that is based in Wollongong, New South Wales Australia Southern Cross Broadcasting (Australia Limited ( was a diversified Australian media company, that owned and operated a variety of media businesses ABC2 is a national public television channel in Australia Launched on 7 March 2005 it is the responsibility of the ABC 's television division Prior to 1989, Canberra was serviced by just the ABC, SBS and Capital Television, which later became Southern Cross Ten, with Prime and WIN arriving as part of the Government's regional aggregation programme in that year. [23] Subscription (pay) television services are available from Foxtel via satellite service, and cable by local telecommunications company TransACT who also offer telephone and broadband internet services on their optical fibre cable network covering many suburbs. Foxtel is an Australian Pay television company formed through a joint venture between Telstra, News Corporation and Consolidated Media TransACT Capital Communications is an Australian telecommunications company based in Canberra which provides Broadband internet access fixed telephony cable television The term broadband can have different meanings in different contexts An optical fiber cable is a Cable containing one or more Optical fibers The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained
A number of community radio stations broadcast in Canberra, including Radio 2XXfm, which offers a multicultural radio broadcast featuring weekly programmes in twenty languages as well as community service and specialty music programmes, Artsound, Valley FM 89. 2XXfm (call sign 1XXR) is a Community radio station broadcasting on the FM band in Canberra, Australia. 5 based in Tuggeranong, and Radio 1RPH which offers broadcasts for the print handicapped. Radio 1RPH 1125 kHz is a Volunteer manned AM band Radio broadcast station in the Australian Capital Territory. There are a number of commercial AM and FM radio stations including those belonging to the Capital Radio Network (1053-2CA and 1206-2CC), Canberra FM Radio which incorporates 2ROC (104. Capital Radio Network is an Australian radio company which owns stations in Canberra Goulburn Cooma the Snowy Mountains and Perth 7) and MIX 106. 3, both of which were introduced in 1988, and public radio broadcasters SBS & ABC.
Sport
In addition to local sporting leagues, Canberra has a number of sporting teams that compete in national and international leagues. Sport in the Australian Capital Territory refers to the Sports played in the Australian Capital Territory. Canberra Stadium (originally known as Bruce Stadium) is a facility primarily used for Rugby league and Rugby union games located adjacent to the The best known teams are the Canberra Raiders and the ACT Brumbies who play rugby league and rugby union respectively, and who have both been champions of their leagues. The Canberra Raiders are an Australian professional Rugby league football team based in the city of Canberra Australian Capital Territory. The Brumbies (formerly known as the ACT Brumbies, for sponsorship reasons referred to as CA Brumbies) are a Super 14 Rugby union team History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short [24][25] Both teams play their home games at Canberra Stadium,[26] which is Canberra's largest stadium and was used to hold preliminary soccer matches for the 2000 Summer Olympics and matches for the 2003 Rugby World Cup. Canberra Stadium (originally known as Bruce Stadium) is a facility primarily used for Rugby league and Rugby union games located adjacent to the Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever The 2003 Rugby World Cup was the fifth Rugby union world cup and was won by England. [27][28] Canberra also has a successful basketball team, the Canberra Capitals. The Canberra TransACT Capitals are an Australian Women's Basketball League ( WNBL) team based in Canberra, Australia. The Canberra Capitals won the 2006 and 2007 women's basketball Grand Final. [29]
There are also teams that participate in national competitions in netball, field hockey, ice hockey and cricket. The Commonwealth Bank Trophy was the elite national competition in Australian Netball from 1997 up until 2008 The Australian Hockey League (AHL is Australia ’s premier national domestic Field hockey competition The Australian Ice Hockey League ( AIHL) is Australia's top-level Ice hockey league Manuka Oval is another large outdoor sporting facility where cricket and Australian Rules football are played. Manuka Oval is a 15000 capacity stadium (10000 seated located in the suburb of Griffith, adjacent to Manuka, a business district of Canberra, Australia Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Australian rules football in the Australian Capital Territory has a history dating back to the formation of the territory in the 1910s The Melbourne based AFL team the Kangaroos played some home games at Manuka Oval until July 2006. The Australian Football League (AFL is both the professional Australian national competition in the Sport of Australian Rules Football and its highest North Melbourne Football Club, nicknamed The Kangaroos, is an Australian rules football club in the Australian Football League. [30] Following the move of the Kangaroos' alternative home ground to Carrara in Queensland, Melbourne and the Western Bulldogs will play home games at Manuka Oval from 2007 against the Sydney Swans. Carrara is a City in the Province of Massa-Carrara ( Tuscany, Italy) famous for the white or blue-gray Marble quarried there This article is about the Australian rules club for the Football (soccer club see Melbourne Victory FC. The Western Bulldogs, formerly referred to as the Footscray Football Club, is an Australian Football League (AFL club based at the Whitten Oval in The Sydney Swans is an Australian Football League (AFL club based in Sydney, New South Wales. [31] Canberra is also home to the Barassi International Australian Football Youth Tournament. The Barassi Youth Tournament is an international Australian rules football tournament for junior players who are no older than 16 years of age [32] The historic Prime Minister's XI cricket match is played at Manuka Oval annually. Prime Minister's XI or PM's XI (formerly 'Australian Prime Minister's Invitation XI' is the name of an annual Cricket match which is held at the Manuka Oval [33] Other significant annual sporting events include the Canberra Marathon[34] and the City of Canberra Half Ironman Triathlon. Canberra marathon is a standard 42195m / 262 mile Marathon around the Australian capital city The Canberra Women's Tennis Classic was held in the lead up to the Australian Open until 2006. The Richard Luton Properties Canberra International is a Tennis Tournament held in Canberra, Australia. The Australian Open is one of the four Grand Slam Tennis Tournaments held each year [35]
The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) is located in the Canberra suburb of Bruce. The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS leads the development of elite sport and is widely acknowledged in Australia and internationally as a world best practice model for elite athlete Bruce is a suburb of Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia. The AIS is a specialised educational and training institution providing coaching for elite junior and senior athletes in a number of sports. The AIS has been operating since 1981 and has achieved significant success in producing elite athletes, both local and international. The majority of Australia's team members and medals at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney were won by AIS graduates. "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 [36] It is also a popular tourist destination.
Canberra has numerous sporting ovals, golf courses, skate parks, tennis courts and swimming pools that are open to the public. A Canberra-wide series of bicycle paths are available to cyclists for recreational and sporting purposes. Canberra Nature Parks have a large range of walking paths, horse and mountain bike trails. Water sports like sailing, rowing and water skiing are popular activities on Canberra's lakes. [37] The Rally of Canberra is an annual motor sport event and a facility for drag racing is currently being planned for construction. Drag racing is a competition in which objects compete to be the first to cross a set finish mark usually from a dead stop and in a straight line [38][39]
Infrastructure
Health
Canberra has two large public hospitals, the 500-bed Canberra Hospital - formerly the Woden Valley Hospital - located in Garran and the smaller 174 bed Calvary Public Hospital located in Bruce. The Australian War Memorial is Australia 's national memorial to the members of all its armed forces and supporting organisations who have died or participated The Canberra Hospital is a public hospital located in Garran, Canberra. Garran is a suburb in the Woden district of Canberra. Garran was named after Sir Robert Garran who made numerous contributions to the development of Both public hospitals are also teaching hospitals. The largest private hospital in Canberra is the John James Memorial Hospital in Deakin. Deakin ( postcode: 2600 is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Calvary Private Hospital in Bruce and Healthscope's National Capital Private in Garran are also major healthcare providers. Healthscope is an Australian Private hospital operator which also operates a Pathology business The Royal Canberra Hospital was located on Acton Peninsula on Lake Burley Griffin; it was closed on 27 November 1991 and was demolished in 1997 in a controversial implosion. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The Royal Canberra Hospital implosion was a failed Building implosion with lethal consequences This was to facilitate construction of the National Museum of Australia. The city has 10 aged care facilities. Canberra's hospitals receive emergency cases from throughout southern New South Wales. The ACT Ambulance Service is one of four operational agencies of the ACT Emergency Services Authority. The Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service (ACTAS is responsible for providing emergency and non-emergency ambulance services to the ACT community The Australian Capital Territory Emergency Services Agency (ACT ESA was established by the Emergencies Act 2004 (ACT which came into effect on 1 July 2004
Transport
The car is by far the dominant form of transport in Canberra. The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCMSR is a major biomedical research centre in Australia based at the Australian National University, Canberra. Past planning policies have resulted in well developed good quality roads and a low population density spread over a relatively large area of the city. Canberra's districts are generally connected by 'parkways' - limited access dual carriageway roads with speed limits generally set at 80 to 100 km/h. The suburbs of Canberra are organised into a hierarchy of districts town centres group centres local suburbs and other industrial areas and villages An example is the Tuggeranong Parkway which links Canberra's CBD and Tuggeranong, and bypasses Weston Creek. The Tuggeranong Parkway is a major Dual Carriageway link in Canberra, Australia In most districts, discrete residential suburbs are bounded by access roads.
A publicly run bus service, the Australian Capital Territory Internal Omnibus Network (ACTION), provides public transport throughout the city. History The first government bus services available to the general public appeared in 1926 running from Eastlake to Ainslie. Transborder Express and Deane's Buslines are private coach services that operate within Canberra and nearby areas of New South Wales. Transborder Express is a Canberra, Australia based bus company Deane's Buslines is a privately owned Bus company that operates through Queanbeyan, Jerrabomberra and Canberra. Only 4. 6% of the population use the bus system. Another 5. 5% walk or cycle to work,[15] a higher proportion than in any other Australian capital city. A private bus service operates between Canberra and Queanbeyan, an adjoining town in New South Wales. Queanbeyan is a city and local government area ( Queanbeyan City Council) in south eastern New South Wales, Australia. There are two local taxi companies, Aerial Consolidated Transport the parent of the Canberra Cabs service which enjoyed monopoly status for over four decades, and a recent arrival, Cabxpress. Aerial Consolidated Transport is a taxi and hire car company based in Canberra Australia.
An interstate CountryLink railway service connects Canberra to Sydney. CountryLink is the operator of passenger rail services in country New South Wales, Australia and from New South Wales into Queensland and Victoria Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Canberra's railway station is in the inner south suburb of Kingston. Canberra railway station is located in Kingston, ACT, Australia. Kingston ( postcode: 2604 is an early inner-south suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Between 1920 and 1922 the train line crossed the Molonglo River and ran as far north as the city centre, although the line was closed following major flooding and was never rebuilt. Train services to Melbourne are provided by way of a CountryLink bus service which connects with a rail service between Sydney and Melbourne in Yass, about one hour's drive from Canberra. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Plans to establish a very fast train like a TGV service between Melbourne, Canberra and Sydney have been contemplated,[40] but not implemented by both government and private enterprise, as various proposals have not been deemed economically viable. A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track ( Permanent way) to transport freight or passengers from one place to another The TGV ( t rain à g rande v itesse, French for "high-speed train" is France 's High-speed rail service The plan was shelved by former Federal Transport Minister John Anderson in 2000. John Duncan Anderson (born 14 November 1956) is an Australian politician. [41][42]
Canberra is about three hours by road from Sydney on the Federal Highway (National Highway 23), which connects with the Hume Highway (National Highway 31) near Goulburn, and seven hours by road from Melbourne on the Barton Highway (National Highway 25), which joins the Hume Highway at Yass. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 The Federal Highway (official designation National Highway 23) is a short Highway in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory The Hume Highway / Hume Freeway is one of Australia's most important and notable interstate Highways which runs for 880 km inland between Sydney and Goulburn is a provincial City in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in Goulburn Mulwaree Council. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 The Barton Highway is a short Highway in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. It is a two hour drive on the Monaro Highway (National Highway 23) to the ski fields of the Snowy Mountains and the Kosciuszko National Park. The Monaro Highway is a State Highway in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria, Australia. For the Snowy Mountains of Wyoming USA see Medicine Bow Mountains. Kosciuszko is one of the largest and one of the most important national parks in Australia Batemans Bay, a popular holiday spot on the New South Wales coast, is also two hours away via the Kings Highway. Batemans Bay is a town and a Bay in the South Coast region of the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Kings Highway connects Canberra and Batemans Bay. It starts at Capital Hill then via Canberra Avenue passing through Canberra's suburb of
Canberra International Airport provides direct domestic services to Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth, with connections to other domestic centres. The Canberra International Airport (also known as Canberra Airport) is the Airport serving Australia 's national capital Canberra. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. [2] There are direct daily flights to Albury and Newcastle in New South Wales. Albury is a city in New South Wales, Australia, located on the Hume Highway on the northern side of the Murray River. The Newcastle metropolitan area is the second most populated area in the state of New South Wales and includes most of the Newcastle and Lake Macquarie No regular commercial international flights operate from the airport. Until 2003 the civilian airport shared runways with RAAF Base Fairbairn. Fairbairn was a base of the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) located in Australia 's national capital Canberra, Australian Capital On 27 June of that year, the Air Force base was decommissioned and from that time the airport was fully under civilian control. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden
Utilities
The ACT government owned ACTEW Corporation manages Canberra's water and sewerage infrastructure. The Telstra Tower (also known as Black Mountain Tower) is a telecommunication tower that is situated above the summit of Black Mountain in the Australian ACTEW Corporation Limited is the Water, Sewerage, Natural gas, Telecommunications and Energy utility in Canberra, ActewAGL is a joint venture between ACTEW and AGL, and is the retail provider of Canberra's utility services including water, natural gas, electricity, and also some telecommunications services via a subsidiary TransACT. ActewAGL is Australia's first multi-utility to offer electricity natural gas water and wastewater services in a single organisation The Australian Gas Light Company ( was an Australian gas and Electricity retailer TransACT Capital Communications is an Australian telecommunications company based in Canberra which provides Broadband internet access fixed telephony cable television Since 2003 all ACT consumers have been able to choose the electricity retailer of their choice. Canberra's water is stored in four reservoirs, the Corin, Bendora and Cotter dams on the Cotter River and the Googong Dam on the Queanbeyan River. The The Googong Dam is in New South Wales but it is managed by the ACT government. ACTEW Corporation owns Canberra's two wastewater treatment plants, located at Fyshwick and at Lower Molonglo on the Molonglo River. Fyshwick ( postcode: 2609 is an industrial suburb of Canberra, located east of the South Canberra district The Molonglo River rises on the western side of the Great Dividing Range of eastern Australia in the state of New South Wales.
Electricity for Canberra comes from the national power grid through substations at Holt and Fyshwick (via Queanbeyan). Holt is a suburb in the Canberra district of Belconnen. It is named after Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia from 1966 until his sudden Fyshwick ( postcode: 2609 is an industrial suburb of Canberra, located east of the South Canberra district Queanbeyan is a city and local government area ( Queanbeyan City Council) in south eastern New South Wales, Australia. Some limited local renewable power is produced via a hydro generator on the main water supply pipeline for Canberra at Mount Stromlo and methane plants at waste landfill sites at Belconnen and Mugga Lane. For the Canberra suburb of Belconnen see Belconnen Australian Capital Territory Belconnen is a district of Canberra, the Capital city The first domestic power supply in Canberra was in 1913 for the suburb of Acton. Acton ( postcode: 2601 is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Unlike most Australian cities, the power poles in Canberra's older suburbs are located along the rear boundaries of residential housing lots rather than on the street front. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. In newer areas the power supply and communications cabling are located underground.
As in other parts of Australia, terrestrial and mobile telecommunications services are provided by a range of competing companies. The majority of the infrastructure is owned by Telstra but some is owned by TransACT (a Canberra-based communications company) as well as other providers. Telstra or Telstra Corporation (often abbreviated as Telstra Corp) () is an Australian Telecommunications and media company formerly TransACT Capital Communications is an Australian telecommunications company based in Canberra which provides Broadband internet access fixed telephony cable television The ACT has the highest rate of computer use and internet connection in Australia. [43]
See also
References
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. The 1971 Canberra flood was a Flash flood that occurred on 26 January, 1971 in the Woden Valley of Canberra, Australia. The Canberra bushfires of 2003 caused severe damage to the outskirts of Canberra, the Australian capital city This is a list of planned cities (sometimes known as planned communities or New towns by country The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. "Canberra: Geographic distribution of the population", 7 February 2008. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (17 March 2008). The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Explore Your City Through the 2006 Census Social Atlas Series. Retrieved on 2008-05-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and
- ^ The city's name may also be pronounced [ˈkæmbɹə]. It is also less commonly known as [ˈkænbəɹə] or [kænˈbeɹə].
- ^ "Historic Blundells' Cottage". National Capital Authority.
- ^ Australian Bureau of Meteorology 2005. Climate of Canberra Area
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. 10 August 2006. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Series 6202. 2, Labour Force, p. 16(PDF)
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2005. Household Income and Income Distribution in the ACT - Sep 2005
- ^ a b ACT Department of Treasury. 2006. Economics Branch Publication, Full-Time Adult Average Weekly Ordinary Time Earnings
- ^ Real Estate Institute of Australia. Press Release - It’s official: the property market has cooled, September 9, 2005
- ^ a b ACT Department of Treasury. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 2006. Economics Branch Publication, September Quarter 2006. REIA Market Facts
- ^ ACT Department of Treasury. 2006. Economics Branch Publication, September Quarter 2006. ACT residential Property Market report
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2004. Census of Population and Housing Australia in Profile A Regional Analysis. (PDF, 20MB)
- ^ ACT Department of Treasury. 2004. Economics Branch Publication, Gross State Product 2003–04
- ^ Canberra's population growth slows. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (March 21, 2006). Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ a b c d Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2002. Canberra - Basic Community Profile and Snapshot - 2001 Census
- ^ Australian Capital Territory Government. 2003. A social and demographic profile of multicultural Canberra, Chapter 2 Multicultural Population
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2003. Australian Demographic Statistics, Population Mobility
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2005. Education in the ACT
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2005. Recorded Crime, Australia
- ^ Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2005. Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2004
- ^ ACT Government, "Towards 2020: Renewing Our Schools", [1]
- ^ Section 201. Copyright Act 1968. Australian copyright law emerged from British and colonial models of the early 20th Century Retrieved on 2007-10-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks.
- ^ Broadcasting Services Amendment (Media Ownership) Bill 2002 (Bills Digest 132, 2001-02)
- ^ "Brumbies Crowned Super 12 Champions.", Irish Rugby, 2004-05-22. The Irish Rugby Football Union ( IRFU) (Cumann Rugbaí na hÉireann is the body managing Rugby union in Ireland. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ "Premiership records.", National Rugby League. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ "Canberra Stadium", Australian Institute of Sport. The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS leads the development of elite sport and is widely acknowledged in Australia and internationally as a world best practice model for elite athlete Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ "Sydney 2000:Football", Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 1999. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ "Complete draw for 2003 Rugby World Cup", Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2003. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ "Capitals clinch WNBL title", Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2007-02-17. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ Hinds, Richard. "Kangaroos finding capital gains taxing", Sydney Morning Herald, 2005-04-01. The Sydney Morning Herald ( SMH) is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ "Dogs, Demons to play in Canberra", Australian Broadcasting Corporation, August 16, 2006. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-10-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks.
- ^ "Who Rules, Aussie Rules!", AFL, 2007-02-15. The Australian Football League (AFL is both the professional Australian national competition in the Sport of Australian Rules Football and its highest Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ "Dizzy to lead PM's XI", Cricket Australia, 2006-10-06. Cricket Australia, formerly known as Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ "Canberra Marathon", Canberra Marathon. Canberra marathon is a standard 42195m / 262 mile Marathon around the Australian capital city Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ "Title winners head to Canberra", Tennis Australia, 2006-01-07. Tennis Australia is the governing body for the sport of Tennis in Australia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ "Overview of the AIS", Australian Institute of Sport. The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS leads the development of elite sport and is widely acknowledged in Australia and internationally as a world best practice model for elite athlete Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ Boating on Lake Burley Griffin. National Capital Authority. Retrieved on 2007-10-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks.
- ^ "Canberra Dragway Frequently Asked Questions", ACT government, February 21, 2006. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ "Possum Bourne", Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2003-05-03. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
- ^ Richardson, Michael (July 19, 2000). Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Sydney to Canberra in 80 Minutes–by High-Speed Train. International Herald Tribune.
- ^ Oz HSR Received?. The Australian (October 29, 2002). The Australian, also referred to as The Oz, is a Broadsheet Newspaper published in Australia Monday through Saturday each Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Govt considers rail link between eastern cities. PM transcript. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (June 14, 2001). Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ ACT has highest rate of eCensus returns. Media release. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006-08-11). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Retrieved on 2006-08-12. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid
External links
- WikiSatellite view of Canberra at WikiMapia
- A general Canberra tourist site
- The ACT Government webpage
- Canberra region map - all districts
- ACT Locate - land and planning maps
- A scenic look at Canberra's architecture
- Canberra & The Griffins; A Theosophical View
- An Ideal City? The 1912 Competition to Design Canberra
- Canberra travel guide from Wikitravel
- Construction of Early Canberra ca.1912-1920. Photographs in Walter Burley Griffin Collection held at National Library of Australia, Canberra
- Photographic collection-Canberra Life, Daily Life 1996-1997 held in Pictures Collection, National Library of Australia
Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. In its most general sense a panorama is any wide view of a physical space
Dictionary
Canberra
-proper noun
- National capital of Australia, located in the Australian Capital Territory.
- (Colloquial) The Australian government.
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