Canadian Rockies
Range
Ringrose Peak, Lake O'Hara, British Columbia
Country	Canada
Provinces	British Columbia, Alberta
Part of	Pacific Cordillera
Highest point	Mount Robson
- elevation	3,954 m (12,972 ft)
- coordinates	53°06′38″N 119°09′21″W / 53.11056, -119.15583

The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains range. Ringrose Peak is a Mountain in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. Lake O'Hara is the name of a Lake and alpine area in Yoho National Park, in the province of British Columbia, on the western side of the Great Divide Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 The Pacific Coast Ranges are the series of Mountain ranges that stretch along the west coast of North America from Alaska to northern and central Mexico Mount Robson is the highest point in the Canadian Rockies. Mount Robson is located entirely within Mount Robson Provincial Park of British Columbia, and The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys The southern end in Alberta and British Columbia borders Idaho and Montana of the USA. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C The State of Idaho ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The northern end is at the Liard Plain in British Columbia. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C

Contrary to popular misconception, the Rockies do not extend into the Yukon or Alaska, or into central British Columbia. Yukon (ˈjuːkɒn is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three territories. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent North of the Liard River, the Mackenzie Mountains, which are not part of the Rockies, form a portion of the border between the Yukon and the Northwest Territories. The Liard River flows through the Yukon Territory British Columbia and the Northwest Territories, Canada. The Mackenzie Mountains are a Mountain range forming part of the Yukon - Northwest Territories boundary between the Liard and Peel rivers The Northwest Territories (ˌnɔrθˌwɛstˈtɛrɨtɔriz ( NWT or NT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is a territory The mountain ranges to the west of the Rocky Mountain Trench in southern British Columbia are called the Columbia Mountains and are not considered to be part of the Rockies. The Rocky Mountain Trench, also called "the valley of a thousand peaks" is a physiographic feature extending ~1600 km (995 mi from Flathead Lake, Montana Columbia Mountains is a group of Mountain ranges located in British Columbia, and partially in Montana, Idaho, Washington.

Contents 1 Geology 2 Parks 3 Highest peaks 4 Mountain ranges 5 The Rockies and The Canadian Pacific Railway 6 See also 7 References

Geology

The Canadian Rockies are the easternmost part of the Canadian Cordillera, the collective name for the mountains of Western Canada. The Pacific Coast Ranges are the series of Mountain ranges that stretch along the west coast of North America from Alaska to northern and central Mexico Western Canada, commonly referred to as the West, is a region of Canada normally including all parts of Canada west of the province They form part of the American Cordillera, an essentially continuous sequence of mountain ranges that runs all the way from Alaska to the very tip of South America. The American cordillera consists of an essentially continuous sequence of Mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, Central The Cordillera in turn are the eastern part of the Pacific Ring of Fire that runs all the way around the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions

The Canadian Rockies are bounded on the east by the Canadian Prairies, on the west by the Rocky Mountain Trench , and on the north by the Liard River. The Canadian Prairies is a region in western Canada, which may correspond to several different definitions natural or political The Rocky Mountain Trench, also called "the valley of a thousand peaks" is a physiographic feature extending ~1600 km (995 mi from Flathead Lake, Montana The Liard River flows through the Yukon Territory British Columbia and the Northwest Territories, Canada. The southern boundary is somewhat arbitrary since the mountain trend continues on into the United States, but could be considered to be Marias Pass in Montana, which separates them from the geologically different American Rockies. Marias Pass (el 5213 ft/1588 m is a high Mountain pass near Glacier National Park in northwestern Montana in the United States. Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern

The Canadian Rockies are distinct from the American Rockies in that they are older mountains, they were primarily formed by overthrusting whereas the American Rockies were primarily formed by uplifting, and they are almost exclusively sedimentary rock, whereas the American Rockies are cored with granite. Their physical appearance is different because the Canadian Rockies have been very heavily glaciated, resulting in sharply pointed mountains separated by wide, U-shaped valleys gouged by glaciers, whereas the American Rockies are more rounded with river-carved V-shaped valleys between them.

Parks

Five national parks are located within the Canadian Rockies, four of which interlock and make up the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage site. The Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site is located in the Canadian Rockies. These four parks are Banff, Jasper, Kootenay and Yoho. Banff National Park (ˈbæmf is Canada's oldest national park, established in 1885 in the Canadian Rockies. Jasper National Park is the largest national park in the Canadian Rockies, spanning 10878 km² (4200 mi² Kootenay National Park is located in southeastern British Columbia Canada covering 1406 km² (543 mi² in the Canadian Rockies and forms part of Yoho National Park is located in the Canadian Rocky Mountains along the western slope of the Continental Divide in southeastern British Columbia. The national park not included in the World Heritage Site is Waterton, which does not interlock with the others (it lies farther south, along the international boundary). Waterton Lakes National Park is a National park located in the southwest corner of Alberta, Canada, and borders Glacier National Park in The World Heritage site also includes three British Columbia provincial parks that adjoin the four national parks: Hamber, Mount Assiniboine and Mount Robson. Hamber Provincial Park is a Provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located at the border with Alberta, surrounded on three sides by Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park is a Provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located around Mount Assiniboine. Mount Robson Provincial Park is a large provincial park in the Canadian Rockies with an area of 2249 km² Together, all these national and provincial parks were declared a single UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984^[1] for the unique mountain landscapes found there, comprising peaks, glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, canyons and limestone caves as well as fossils (e. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. For the song see CANYONMID. For the band see Canyon (band. A canyon (rarely cañon) or gorge FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. g. the Burgess Shale, once a World Heritage Site in its own right, is now part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site). See also Burgess shale type fauna The Burgess Shale is famous for the exceptional preservation of the fossils found within it in which the soft parts are preserved Numerous other provincial parks are located in the Canadian Rockies.

Throughout the Rockies, and especially in the national parks, the Alpine Club of Canada maintains a series of alpine huts^[2] for use by mountaineers and adventurers. “Alpinist” redirects here See also Alpinist (magazine Mountaineering is the Sport, Hobby or Profession of

Highest peaks

Mountain/Peak	metres	feet	notes
Mount Robson	3,954	12,972	Highest point in the Canadian Rockies
Mount Columbia	3,747	12,293	highest point in Alberta
North Twin Peak	3,684	12,087
Mount Clemenceau	3,658	12,001
Mount Alberta	3,619	11,873	Most difficult +11,000 climbing objective
Mount Assiniboine	3,618	11,871	Highest point in the Southern Rockies
Mount Forbes	3,612	11,850
South Twin Peak	3,566	11,700
Mount Temple	3,543	11,624	highest point near Lake Louise
Mount Bryce	3,507	11,506
Mount Kitchener	3,505	11,500
Mount Hungabee	3,492	11,456
Mount Brazeau	3,470	11,385
Mount Athabasca	3,491	11,453
Snow Dome	3,456	11,339
Mount Andromeda	3,450	11,319
Mount Joffre	3,449	11,316
Mount Edith Cavell	3,363	11,033

Mount Robson is the highest peak in the Canadian Rockies, but not the highest in British Columbia, since there are higher mountains in the Pacific Coast Ranges and Saint Elias Range. Mount Robson is the highest point in the Canadian Rockies. Mount Robson is located entirely within Mount Robson Provincial Park of British Columbia, and For the Colorado Fourteener, see Mount Columbia (Colorado Mount Columbia is the highest point in Alberta, Canada Mount Robson is the highest point in the Canadian Rockies. Mount Robson is located entirely within Mount Robson Provincial Park of British Columbia, and For the Colorado Fourteener, see Mount Columbia (Colorado Mount Columbia is the highest point in Alberta, Canada Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 North Twin (Peak is one of the two peaks that comprise The Twins Massif located at the northeast corner of the Columbia Icefield in Jasper National Mount Alberta is a Mountain located in the upper Athabasca River Valley of Jasper National Park. Mount Assiniboine, also known as Assiniboine Mountain, is a Mountain located on the Continental Divide, on the British Columbia / Alberta Mount Forbes is a Mountain in the Canadian Rockies located southwest of the Saskatchewan River Crossing in Banff National Park. South Twin Peak is one of the two peaks that comprise the Twin Peaks Massif located just northeast of the Columbia Icefield in Jasper National Park Mount Temple is a Mountain in Banff National Park of the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Lake Louise is a hamlet located in the Canadian province of Alberta in Banff National Park. Mount Bryce is a Mountain at the southwestern corner of the Columbia Icefield, in British Columbia near the border with Alberta. Mount Kitchener is a Mountain located within the Columbia Icefield of Jasper National Park, which is part of the Canadian Rockies. Mount Hungabee is a Mountain located on the boundaries of Banff National Park and Yoho National Park on the Continental Divide at the head of Mount Brazeau is a Mountain in Alberta, Canada. It is located in the upper Coronet Creek Valley of Jasper National Park, and stands Mount Athabasca is located in the Columbia Icefield of Jasper National Park in Canada Snow Dome is a Mountain located on the Continental Divide in the Columbia Icefield, at the intersection of Banff National Park, and Jasper Mount Andromeda is located within the Columbia Icefield on the boundary of Banff and Jasper national parks Mount Joffre is a Mountain located on the Continental Divide, in the extreme southern tip of Peter Lougheed Provincial Park. Mount Edith Cavell is a Mountain located in the Athabasca River and Astoria River valleys of Jasper National Park, Canada. Mount Robson is the highest point in the Canadian Rockies. Mount Robson is located entirely within Mount Robson Provincial Park of British Columbia, and The Pacific Coast Ranges are the series of Mountain ranges that stretch along the west coast of North America from Alaska to northern and central Mexico The Saint Elias Mountains are a subgroup of the Pacific Coast Ranges located in southeastern Alaska ( United States) southwestern Yukon and the However, Mount Robson is particularly impressive because it stands out on the continental divide towering over Yellowhead Pass, one of the lowest passes in the Canadian Rockies, and is close to the Yellowhead Highway. A continental divide is a line of elevated Terrain which forms a border between two watersheds such that Water falling on one side of the line eventually Yellowhead Pass (el 1110 m is a Mountain pass across the Continental Divide of the Canadian Rockies. The Yellowhead Highway is a major east-west highway connecting the four western Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan Its base is only 985 m above sea level, meaning it has a total vertical relief of 2969 m or nearly 10,000 feet. In addition, it rises the 3 km to its summit in a distance of only 4 km from its base at Kinney Lake. Climbing Mount Robson is a challenge suitable for experienced and well-prepared mountaineers, and usually requires a week on the mountain.

Mount Columbia is the second-highest peak in the Canadian Rockies, and is the highest mountain in Alberta. For the Colorado Fourteener, see Mount Columbia (Colorado Mount Columbia is the highest point in Alberta, Canada There is a non-technical route to the top involving only kicking steps in the snow, but the approach is across the Columbia Icefield and requires glacier travel and crevasse rescue knowledge. The Columbia Icefield is an Icefield located in the Canadian Rockies, astride the Continental Divide of North America. It is normally done in two days, with a night at high camp, but some strong skiers have done from the highway it in a day. On the other hand, many others have been stuck in their tents for days waiting for the weather to clear. From the same high camp as for Mount Columbia, it is possible to ascend a number of other high peaks in the area, including North Twin, South Twin, Kitchener, Stutfield and Snow Dome.

Snow Dome is not an impressive peak by Rockies standards, but it has the distinction of being the hydrological apex of North America. Snow Dome is a Mountain located on the Continental Divide in the Columbia Icefield, at the intersection of Banff National Park, and Jasper Water flows off Snow Dome into three different watersheds, into the Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean via Hudson Bay. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major It is the easiest and most popular ascent on the Columbia Icefield, a gentle ski to the top from Columbia high camp, but glacier travel is required.

For scrambling up peaks of the Canadian Rockies, check out Scrambles in the Canadian Rockies. Scrambling (also known as alpine scrambling) is a method of ascending rocky faces and ridges Scrambles in the Canadian Rockies is a book by Alan Kane describing Scrambling routes of Mountains in the Canadian Rockies. Note that of the mountains listed above, only Mount Temple has an established scrambling route. Mount Temple is a Mountain in Banff National Park of the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. All other mountains (including other routes up Mount Temple), require more mountaineering skills and experience. “Alpinist” redirects here See also Alpinist (magazine Mountaineering is the Sport, Hobby or Profession of Despite the fact that it is only a moderate scramble, even Mount Temple should not be attempted by novices. According to the Alpine Club of Canada, more people have died on Mount Temple than any other Canadian mountain, including seven youths in an unsupervised American school group in 1955. ^[3] The upper slopes are usually covered with snow and there is a glacier on top. Scramblers on Mount Temple should carry an ice axe and enough clothing to survive a freezing night on the mountain if a storm hits and prevents them from descending.

For hikers and backpackers, The Canadian Rockies Trail Guide is the original and definitive reference guide book. Backpacking (in US tramping, trekking, or bushwalking in other countries combines Hiking and camping in a single The Canadian Rockies Trail Guide by Brian Patton and Bart Robinson, describes 233 Hiking and Backpacking Trails in the

Contrary to popular misconception, the Canadian Rockies are not the highest mountain ranges in Canada. Both the Saint Elias Mountains (highest point in Canada Mount Logan at 5959 metres) and the Coast Mountains (highest point Mount Waddington at 4,016 metres) have higher summits. The Saint Elias Mountains are a subgroup of the Pacific Coast Ranges located in southeastern Alaska ( United States) southwestern Yukon and the Mount Logan is Canada 's highest Mountain and the second-highest peak in North America, after Mount McKinley. The Coast Mountains are a Mountain range of the Pacific Cordillera, running along the north western shore of the North American continent extending south Mount Waddington, once known as Mystery Mountain, is the highest peak in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada.

Mountain ranges

Main article: Ranges of the Canadian Rockies

The Canadian Rockies are subdivided into numerous mountain ranges:

The Rockies and The Canadian Pacific Railway

The Canadian Pacific Railway was founded to provide a link from the province of British Columbia to the eastern provinces. The Canadian Rockies are a segment of the North American Rocky Mountains found in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys The Ball Range is a Mountain range on the Continental Divide between Vermilion Pass and Red Earth Pass in Kootenay National Park, Canada. The Bare Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies, located south of the Red Deer River valley in Banff National Park, Canada The Beaverfoot Range ( is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies, located in southeastern British Columbia. The Columbia River (known as Blairmore (population 4695 is a town in the Crowsnest Pass of the Rocky Mountains of southern Alberta, Canada The Blue Range ( is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies, located on the Continental Divide in Banff National Park, Canada. The Bosche Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies located northwest of Highway 16 near the east border of Jasper National Park, The Clark Range ( to) is a Mountain range that forms part of the Continental Divide and also the boundary between Alberta and British Columbia The Colin Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies located directly northeast of Jasper townsite in Jasper National Park, Canada The De Smet Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies located northwest of Highway 16 and Jasper Lake in Jasper National Park The Elk Range ( to) is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies, located on the southern edge of Kananaskis on the Alberta - British Columbia Kananaskis is an improvement district (a type of rural municipal administrative unit situated to the west of Calgary Alberta, The Fairholme Range is a Mountain range east of the Bow River valley in the Canadian Rockies. The Bow River is a river in the Canadian province of Alberta. The Fiddle Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies located south of Highway 16 on the east border of Jasper National Park, Canada High Rock Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies in southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The Jacques Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies located south of Highway 16 and Jasper Lake in Jasper National Park, The Kananaskis Range is a Mountain range west of the Kananaskis River in the Canadian Rockies. Livingstone Range is the name of different mountain ranges Livingstone Mountains - a mountain range in East Africa Livingstone Range (Canada Fernie is a city in the Elk Valley area of the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located on BC Highway Elk Valley is a valley in southeastern British Columbia that runs via the basin of the Elk River from the southeastern Alberta border near Kananaskis to the Rocky The Maligne Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies located directly southeast of Jasper townsite in Jasper National Park, Canada The Massive Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies, located in the southwestern area of the Bow River valley in Banff National Park The Miette Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies located south of Highway 16 near the east border of Jasper National Park, Canada The Misty Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies located east of the Bighorn Highway within Kananaskis Country, Canada. The Palliser Range ( is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies that lies in the extreme southeast corner of Banff National Park. The President Range ( is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies, located in the northwestern section of Yoho National Park. The Queen Elizabeth Ranges is a group of Mountain ranges in the Canadian Rockies on the southeastern side of Jasper National Park, Canada. The Rainbow Range is a small subrange of the Park Ranges subdivions of the Northern Continental Ranges of the Rocky Mountains on the border between The Ram Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies located in David Thompson Country, Canada. Elk Valley is a valley in southeastern British Columbia that runs via the basin of the Elk River from the southeastern Alberta border near Kananaskis to the Rocky The Sawback Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies that stretches from the Bow Valley in Alberta into southeastern Banff National The Selwyn Range is a range of mountains in the Canadian Rockies in British Columbia. The Sir Winston Churchill Range is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies located in Jasper National Park. Slate Range may refer to Slate Range (Alberta Slate Range (California See also Slate Mountains Valley of the Ten Peaks is a Valley in Banff National Park that is crowned by ten notable peaks and also includes Moraine Lake. The Vermilion Range ( is a Mountain range of the Canadian Rockies, in Banff National Park, Canada. The Victoria Cross Ranges ( to) are a set of Mountain ranges in the Canadian Rockies, located to the northwest of Jasper. The Waputik Range lies West of the upper Bow Valley, East of Bath Creek, South of Balfour Creek in the Canadian Rockies. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( The main difficulty in providing such a link were the Rockies themselves: treacherous mountain passes, fast rivers and sheer drops made for a difficult railway construction process. The following articles describe in detail the political and technical feats involved:

• Canadian Pacific Survey
• Big Hill
• Field Hill
• Kicking Horse Pass
• Spiral Tunnels

See also

• Arctic Cordillera - an example of another major mountain system in North America east of the Canadian Rockies. The Canadian Pacific Survey or Canadian Pacific Railway Survey consisted of a large number of distinct geographical surveys conducted during the 1870s and Big Hill on the Canadian Pacific Railway main line in British Columbia, Canada, was the most difficult piece of railway track on the Canadian Pacific Railway's Field Hill is a steep portion of the mainline of the Canadian Pacific Railway Kicking Horse Pass (el 1627 m 5339 ft is a high Mountain pass across the Continental Divide of the Canadian Rockies on the Alberta / British Big Hill on the Canadian Pacific Railway main line in British Columbia, Canada, was the most difficult piece of railway track on the Canadian Pacific Railway's The Arctic Cordillera, sometimes called the Arctic Rockies, are a vast deeply dissected mountain system running along the northeastern shore of North America

References

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