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Flag of the Canadian Coast Guard.
Flag of the Canadian Coast Guard.

The Canadian Coast Guard or CCG (Fr. Garde côtière canadienne or GCC) is the coast guard of Canada. A coast guard is a national organization responsible for various services at sea Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

It is the civilian federal agency responsible for providing marine search and rescue (SAR) under the auspices of the National Search and Rescue Program, aids to navigation, marine pollution response and icebreaking. For the TV series of this title see Search and Rescue (TV series. The National Search and Rescue Program (NSP is the name given by the Government of Canada to the collective Search and rescue (SAR activities in Canada A sea mark, also seamark and Navigation mark, is a Pilotage aid which identifies the approximate position of a maritime channel hazard For the fictional character see Oil Slick (Transformers. An oil spill is the release of a Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbon into An icebreaker is a special purpose Ship or Boat designed to move and navigate through Ice -covered waters CCG is responsible for patrolling Canada's 202,080[1] km long coastline; the longest of any nation in the world. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand CCG is headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario and is the responsibility of the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. Fisheries and Oceans Canada ( DFO) is the department within the government of Canada that is responsible for developing and implementing policies and programs

Crest of the Canadian Coast Guard.
Crest of the Canadian Coast Guard.

Contents

History

Formation

Originally a variety of federal departments and even the navy performed the work which CCG does today. Following Confederation in 1867, the federal government placed many of the responsibilities for maintaining aids to navigation (primarily lighthouses at the time), marine safety, and search and rescue under the Marine Service of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, with some responsibility for waterways resting with the Canal Branch of the Department of Railways and Canals. Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Fisheries and Oceans Canada ( DFO) is the department within the government of Canada that is responsible for developing and implementing policies and programs The Department of Railways and Canals is a former department of the Government of Canada.

After the Department of Marine and Fisheries was split into separate departments, the Department of Marine continued to take responsibility for the federal government's coastal protection services. During the inter-war period, the Royal Canadian Navy also performed similar duties at a time when the navy was wavering between becoming a civilian organization. For the history of Canada's naval forces after 1968 see Canadian Forces Maritime Command The Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN) was the A government reorganization in 1936 saw the Department of Marine and its Marine Service, along with several other government departments and agencies, folded into the new Department of Transport. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Transport Canada is the department within the government of Canada which is responsible for developing Regulations, Policies and services

Following the Second World War, Canada experienced a major expansion in ocean commerce, culminating with the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1958. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The shipping industry was changing throughout eastern Canada and required an expanded federal government role in the Great Lakes and the Atlantic coast, as well as an increased presence in the Arctic and Pacific coasts for sovereignty purposes. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker decided to consolidate the duties of the Marine Service of the Department of Transport and on January 28, 1962 the Canadian Coast Guard was formed as a subsidiary of DOT. The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. One of the more notable inheritances was the icebreaker Labrador, transferred from the Royal Canadian Navy. An icebreaker is a special purpose Ship or Boat designed to move and navigate through Ice -covered waters Early history Throughout the first half of the twentieth century the Canadian government had made limited contact with the vast Arctic coast it laid claim to largely because it For the history of Canada's naval forces after 1968 see Canadian Forces Maritime Command The Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN) was the

Expansion years

A period of expansion followed the creation of CCG between the 1960s to the 1980s. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. The outdated ships CCG inherited from the Marine Service were scheduled for replacement, along with dozens of new ships for the expanding role of the organization. Built under a complementary national shipbuilding policy which saw the CCG contracts go to Canadian shipyards, the new ships were delivered throughout this "Golden Age" of the organization.

In addition to expanded geographic responsibilities in the Great Lakes, the rise in coastal and ocean shipping ranged from new mining shipments such as Labrador iron ore, to increased cargo handling at the nation's major ports, and Arctic development and sovereignty patrols - all requiring additional ships and aircraft. The federal government also began to develop a series of CCG bases near major ports and shipping routes throughout southern Canada.

The expansion of the CCG fleet required new navigation and engineering officers, as well as crewmembers. To meet the former requirement, in 1965 the Canadian Coast Guard College (CCGC) opened on the former navy base HMCS Protector at Point Edward, Nova Scotia on Sydney Harbour, Cape Breton Island. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. The Canadian Coast Guard College ( CCGC) is a maritime training college and Canadian Coast Guard facility located in Westmount in the Cape Breton Regional HMCS Protector was the name of a Royal Canadian Navy base located in Sydney Harbour on Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Island. Point Edward (2001 pop 396 is a community in Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Regional Municipality. See also Sidney Sydney (2001 population 24115 is an urban community in Nova Scotia, Canada 's Cape Breton Island ( French: île du Cap-Breton - formerly île Royale, Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Cheap Breatuinn, By the late 1970s the college had outgrown the temporary navy facilities and a new campus was opened in the adjacent community of Westmount in 1981. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Westmount (2001 pop 3000 is a community in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981

During the mid-1980s, the long-standing disagreement between the U. S. and Canada over the legal status of the Northwest Passage came to a head after the USCGC Polar Sea transited the passage in what were asserted by Canada to be Canadian waters and by the U. Machinery Polar Sea is an outstanding Polar icebreaker with exceptional hull design, power strength and weight S. to be international waters. During the period of increased nationalism that followed this event, the Conservative administration of Brian Mulroney announced plans to build several enormous icebreakers, the Polar 8-class which would be used primarily for sovereignty patrols. Martin Brian Mulroney PC CC GOQ (predominantly known as Brian Mulroney) (born March 20, 1939) was the eighteenth Project cancellation The massive 1989 federal budget cuts saw funding for the Polar 8 Project reduced and eventually it was cancelled in 1990 only two months before construction

However the proposed Polar 8-class was abandoned during the late 1980s as part of general government budget cuts; in their place a program of vessel modernizations was instituted. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Additional budget cuts to CCG in the mid-1990s following a change in government saw many of CCG's older vessels built during the 1960s and 1970s retired. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999

In the 1990s-2000s, CCG modernized part of its SAR fleet after ordering British Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI)-designed ARUN-class high endurance lifeboat cutters for open coastal areas, and the USCG-designed 47-foot Motor Life Boat (designated by CCG as the Cape-class) as medium endurance lifeboat cutters for the Great Lakes and more sheltered coastal areas. The founder Sir William Hillary Sir William Hillary came to live on the Isle of Man in 1808 The Motor Life Boat (MLB is an integral part of a Coast guard fleet built to withstand the most severe conditions at sea

CCG announced plans in 2006 to order four new Midshore Patrol Vessels. [2] CCG announced on April 12, 2007 plans to order an additional eight new vessels. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [3][4] Seven of these new vessels are scheduled to replace CCGS Québécois, CCGS Cumella, CCGS Atlin Post, CCGS Sooke Post, CCGS Kitimat II, CCGS Arrow Post, and CCGS Comox Post. CCG is also planning to order an additional five new vessels. The new vessels will have a maximum speed of 25 knots, be approximately 40 meters in length and carry a crew of 8-10 with additional room to carry DFO fisheries officers or RCMP officers. Delivery is planned from 2009 through 2014.

Bureaucratic oversight

From its formation in 1962 until 1995, CCG was the responsibility of the Department of Transport. Both the department and CCG shared complementary responsibilities related to marine safety, whereby DOT had responsibility for implementing transportation policy, regulations and safety inspections, and CCG was operationally responsible for navigation safety and SAR, among others.

Following the 1994 budget, the federal government announced that it was transferring responsibility for CCG from the Department of Transport to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Fisheries and Oceans Canada ( DFO) is the department within the government of Canada that is responsible for developing and implementing policies and programs The reason for placing CCG under DFO was ostensibly to achieve cost savings by amalgamating the two largest civilian vessel fleets within the federal government under a single department.

Arising out of this arrangement, CCG became ultimately responsible for crewing, operating, and maintaining a larger fleet - both the original CCG fleet before 1995 of dedicated SAR vessels, NAVAID tenders, and multi-purpose icebreakers along with DFO's smaller fleet of scientific research and fisheries enforcement vessels, all without any increase in budget - in fact the overall budget for CCG was decreased after absorbing the DFO patrol and scientific vessels. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995

Unfortunately there were serious stumbling blocks arising out of this reorganization, namely in the different management practises and differences in organizational culture at DFO, versus DOT. DFO is dedicated to conservation and protection of fish through enforcement whereas CCG's primary raison d'etre is marine safety and SAR. There were valid concerns raised within CCG about reluctance on the part of the marine community to ask for assistance from CCG SAR vessels, since CCG was being viewed as aligned with an enforcement department. In the early 2000s, the federal government began to investigate the possibility of making CCG as a separate agency, thereby not falling under a specific functional department and allowing more operational independence.

In one of several reorganization moves of the federal ministries following the swearing-in of prime minister Paul Martin's administration on December 12, 2003, several policy/regulatory responsibilities were transferred from CCG to the Department of Transport to provide Canadians with a single point of contact for issues related to marine safety and security, although CCG would maintain operational responsibility for some of these tasks. Paul Edgar Philippe Martin. PC, MP (also known as Paul Martin Jr Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The services now offered by the Canadian Coast Guard include:

Finally, on April 4, 2005 it was announced by the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans that CCG was being redesignated a "special operating agency" - the largest one in the federal government. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Minister of Fisheries and Oceans (Ministre des Pêches et des Océans is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for supervising Although CCG still falls under the ministerial responsibility of the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, it has more autonomy where it is not as tightly integrated within the department.

An example being that now all CCG bases, aids to navigation, vessels, aircraft, and personnel are wholly the responsibility of the Commissioner of the Canadian Coast Guard. The Commissioner is in-turn, supported by the CCG headquarters which develop a budget for the organization. The arrangement is not unlike the relationship of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police toward that organization's parent department, the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness. Public Safety Canada, formerly known as Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada, legally incorporated as the federal Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness

The special operating agency reorganization is different from the past under both DOT and DFO where regional director generals for these departments were responsible for CCG operations within their respective regions. Now all operations of CCG will be directed by the commissioner and CCG in the regions. This management and financial flexibility is being enhanced by an increased budget for CCG to acquire new vessels and other assets to assist in its growing role of helping to ensure maritime security, although CCG will not be usurping the traditional role of the Canadian Navy. "MARCOM" redirects here For the historical (1936–1950 U

CCG will still provide the vessel and crew support for DFO's fisheries science, conservation, and protection requirements. Unfortunately the changes in making CCG a special operating agency under DFO do not address some of the key concerns raised by an all-party Parliamentary committee investigating low morale among CCG employees since the transfer from DOT to DFO and budget cuts since 1995. The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. The committee had recommended that CCG become a separate agency under DOT and that its role be changed to a paramilitary organization involved in maritime security by arming its vessels with deck guns, similar to the United States Coast Guard and that employees be given peace officer status for enforcing federal laws on the oceans and Great Lakes. A law enforcement officer (also called peace officer) in North America, is any public-sector person charged with upholding the peace, mainly The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border.

Non-military

Unlike the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), CCG is a civilian organisation. None of CCG's personnel is a peace officer. Enforcing and protecting Canada's maritime sovereignty is a military task and the complete responsibility of Canada's navy, Canadian Forces Maritime Command. "MARCOM" redirects here For the historical (1936–1950 U

The enforcement of laws in Canada's territorial sea is the responsibility of Canada's federal police force, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) as all ocean waters in Canada are considered federal jurisdiction. Saltwater fisheries enforcement is a specific responsibility of DFO's Fishery Officers.

Note that the Great Lakes are not coastal waters and are therefore not part of the territorial sea - thus certain laws on the Canadian side of the US-Canada border in the Great Lakes may be enforced by the Ontario Provincial Police or municipal police forces, although enforcing any federal laws in these waters are still the ultimate responsibility of the RCMP. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. The Canada – United States border is the international Border between Canada and the United States. The Ontario Provincial Police ( OPP) is the Provincial Police force for the province of Ontario, Canada.

Command structure

CCG's command structure is also reflective of its non-military role. The head of CCG is called the "Commissioner of the Canadian Coast Guard"; the term "commissioner" is also used as the title for the senior commanding officer of the RCMP. The CCG bureaucracy supports several functional departments which are outlined as follows:

CCG as a whole is divided into five regions:[5]

Bases

CCGS John P. Tully
CCGS John P. Tully
CCGS Frederick G. Creed
CCGS Frederick G. Creed
CCGS Alfred Needler
CCGS Alfred Needler
CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier
CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier
CCGS Parizeau
CCGS Parizeau
CCGS Hudson
CCGS Hudson
CCGS Tracy
CCGS Tracy
CCGS Des Groseillers
CCGS Des Groseillers
A CCG cutter exercising with a Canadian Forces CH-149 Cormorant.
A CCG cutter exercising with a Canadian Forces CH-149 Cormorant. The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
CCGC Cape Sutil at CCG Station Port Hardy
CCGC Cape Sutil at CCG Station Port Hardy

CCG maintains a number of major bases and operating locations/stations on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, as well as in the St. Port Hardy is a small community in British Columbia, Canada located on the north-eastern coast of Vancouver Island. Lawrence River, Great Lakes and major navigable inland waterways such as Lake of the Woods, Lake Winnipeg, and Great Slave Lake/Mackenzie River. Lake of the Woods (lac des Bois is a Lake occupying parts of the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba and the U Lake Winnipeg is a very large ( Lake in central North America, in the province of Manitoba, Canada, about north of the city Great Slave Lake (French Grand lac des Esclaves) is the second-largest Lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada (behind Great Bear The Mackenzie River (Fleuve Mackenzie originates in Great Slave Lake, in the Northwest Territories, and flows north into the Arctic Ocean.

Currently, there are no vessels permanently based in the eastern Arctic, although CCG vessels and aircraft frequently operate there, staging out of bases on the Atlantic coast and supported by a base in Iqaluit, Nunavut. Iqaluit (iqaluit ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ in Inuktitut syllabics; often pronounced ɨˈkæljuːɨt in English is the territorial

Vessels: ships and small boats

The Fleet Directorate is responsible for all ships and their manning requirements. St Anthony is a town on the northern reaches of the Great Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland and Labrador. Port au Choix or Port aux Choix is a town in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Lark Harbour is small fishing community on the western coast of Newfoundland, on the south side of the Bay of Islands and west of Burgeo is a Canadian town located on the south coast of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland Burin ( 2001 population 2470 is a town on the Burin Peninsula in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador Charlottetown (ˈʃɑrlɪtaʊn (2006 population 32174 is a Canadian city and the provincial capital of Prince Edward Island, making it the seat Dartmouth (2001 pop 65741 founded in 1750 is a community and planning area of the Halifax Regional Municipality, a provincially Saint John is the largest city in the Province of New Brunswick, and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. Shippagan (2006 population 2754 is a Canadian town in Gloucester County, New Brunswick. Summerside (2006 pop 14500 is a Canadian city in Prince County, Prince Edward Island. Souris (2006 population 1232 is a Canadian port town in northeastern Kings County, Prince Edward Island Louisbourg (2001 pop 1157 is a community in Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Sambro is a rural Fishing community on the Chebucto Peninsula in the Halifax Regional Municipality, in Westport Nova Scotia is a village in Digby County Nova Scotia and it is located on Brier Island in the Bay of Fundy. The Canadian Coast Guard College ( CCGC) is a maritime training college and Canadian Coast Guard facility located in Westmount in the Cape Breton Regional Westmount (2001 pop 3000 is a community in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Sorel-Tracy is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada at the confluence of the Richelieu River and the Tadoussac is a village of 857 inhabitants (2005 in Quebec, Canada. Havre-Saint-Pierre is a town located on Pointe-aux-Esquimaux which is on the Quebec north shore ( Côte-Nord) of the Saint Lawrence River in Canada Cap-aux-Meules is an unincorporated Canadian community located on Île du Cap aux Meules in Quebec 's Magdalen Islands. Trois-Rivières is a City in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada, located along the densely populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor Parry Sound (2006 census population 5818 is a Town in Central Ontario, Canada, located on the eastern Prescott is a town of approximately 4200 people on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River in Ontario, Canada, directly across from Ogdensburg Sarnia is a City in Southwestern Ontario, Canada (city population 71419 census area population Sault Ste Marie (nicknamed "the Sault" or "the Soo" is a City on the St Thunder Bay ( 2006 census population 109140 formerly the twin cities of Fort William and Port Arthur, is a City in and the seat of Thunder Iqaluit (iqaluit ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ in Inuktitut syllabics; often pronounced ɨˈkæljuːɨt in English is the territorial Hay River, known as "the Hub of the North" Demographics Hay River has a population of 3648 and the nearby Hay River Reserve (Katl'odeeche First Selkirk is a city in the western Canadian province of Manitoba, located about 22 km northeast of the provincial capital Winnipeg on the Red River Burlington ( 2006 population 164415 is a city located at the western end of Lake Ontario Amherstburg (2006 population 21748 UA population 13410 is a Town near the mouth of the Detroit River in Essex County Cobourg (2006 population 18210 is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located 110km east of Toronto. Kingston Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St Port Weller Ontario is a community located at a in the Canadian province of Ontario. Norfolk County ˈnɔrfoʊk is a rural city-status single-tier municipal government on the north shore of Lake Erie in Tobermory is a small community located at the northern tip of the Bruce Peninsula in the municipality of Northern Bruce Peninsula, Ontario Canada. Meaford (2006 pop 10948 is a Canadian municipality in Grey County, Ontario. Victoria (vɪkˈtɔɹiə is the capital city of British Columbia. Prince Rupert is a port city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Sidney is a town located at the northern end of the Saanich Peninsula, on Vancouver Island in the Canadian Province of Richmond (ˈrɪtʃmənd}} is an incorporated city on the Pacific coast of the Canadian province of British Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Powell River is a city on the south mainland coast of British Columbia, Canada. Saltspring Island (also known as Salt Spring Island) is the largest most populated and most visited of the southern Gulf Islands of British Columbia, Tofino is a Village of about 1650 residents on the west coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia Bamfield is a community that is surrounded by Crown land, Indian reserves, and portions of the Pacific Rim National Park, located on Barkley Sound Port Hardy is a small community in British Columbia, Canada located on the north-eastern coast of Vancouver Island. Campbell River is a city in British Columbia on the east coast of Vancouver Island at the south end of Bella Bella is an unincorporated community and First Nations reserve on the Central Coast British Columbia, Canada, on the west coast of Sandspit is the largest community on Moresby Island, in the Queen Charlotte Islands off the Pacific coast of British Columbia, Canada Most vessels have between 5-30+ crewmembers. CCG as a whole numbers approximately 2,000 personnel.

All CCG vessels are painted uniformly regardless of their use. They are characterized by a red hull and white superstructure, designed to look like a "floating Canadian flag". The hull bears a 60-degree white stripe, similar to the markings on USCG vessels. Ship nameplates are typically affixed to the superstructure, and vessels are typically named for persons or places of historic (or geographic) significance.

From the 1960s-1990s, CCG did experiment with painting primary SAR vessels in a colour scheme with a yellow superstructure and red hull, meant to distinguish them from navaid tenders and icebreakers, and also to improve their visibility on the open ocean with a breaking waves environment. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Today the only distinguishing markings for primary SAR vessels is the large RESCUE-SAUVETAGE lettering on the superstructure. Following the move from DOT to DFO in the 1990s, the "Fisheries and Oceans Canada" departmental logo was sometimes affixed to CCG ships in place of the Coast Guard/Guard Cotiere lettering. This has since been reverted to official coast guard symbols and lettering.

The prefix "Canadian Coast Guard Ship", abbreviated CCGS, is affixed to any major vessel. Several minor vessels such as patrol boats and life boats carry the prefix "Canadian Coast Guard Cutter", abbreviated CCGC.

The list of various classes of CCG vessels includes:

Heavy Arctic Icebreaker

Large powerful icebreaker approximately 130 metres long and is capable of sustained operations in the Canadian Arctic with minimal support, for the period of early June to mid-November, and for escort operation in the Gulf of St-Lawrence and East Coast of Newfoundland in the winter.

Arctic Icebreaker

Large icebreaker of approximately 100 metres in length capable of sustained ice breaking and escort operations in the Arctic during the summer, and in the Gulf, St. Lawrence River and the Atlantic Coast in winter. It is also capable conducting scientific missions, has a small cargo carrying capacity and can carry a helicopter if needed.

CG Program Vessels

Large multi-taskable vessels approximately 85 metres long, with an icebreaking capability that allows them to work mainly in southern waters and in the western Arctic. CCGS Sir John Franklin The vessel was built at Burrard Dry Dock, North Vancouver and commissioned into the Canadian Coast Guard as

Offshore Fishery and Oceanographic Research

Large offshore vessels approximately 80 metres long that are multi-taskable to fishery and oceanographic missions, as well as geological and hydrographic surveys. Hurricane Katrina relief mission See also Canadian response to Hurricane Katrina On September 6, 2005, CCGS Sir William Alexander These vessels have no icebreaking capabilities, are equipped with wet labs, trawl capability, bottom sampling capability and water column sampling capability, and can accommodate up to 26 scientists.

Offshore Fishery Science

Large offshore Science vessels that are multi-taskable to acoustic and environmental research. Trivia CCGS Hudson played an important role in searching for the debris of Swissair flight 111. The CCGS John P Tully is a vessel in the Canadian Coast Guard. They are able to do trawl surveys and some water column sampling and are equipped with wet labs.

Marine Service

Multi-taskable, shallow draft vessels that are about 65 metres in length. They have some icebreaking capability and can launch and recover Fast Response Craft. They are primarily used for aids to navigation, icebreaking, science and environmental response.

Offshore Patrol

Patrol vessels of up to 60 metres in length and can operate year-round beyond 120 nautical miles, including outside 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (except the Arctic). They carry 2 Rigid-hull Inflatable boats, and their main use is fisheries enforcement and search and rescue.

Mid-shore Patrol

Medium sized patrol vessels of about 37 – 42 metres which operate up to 120 nautical miles offshore. Popular culture Bryan Williston of the Canadian folk band Two Roads Home has adapted the poem "The Amphion" (written by Holmes Hooke into a lively song These vessels carry one or two Rigid-hull Inflatable boats (depending on the variant design) and have accommodation for two fisheries or police officers. The main use is for maritime security and fisheries enforcement.

Hydrographic Survey

These vessels are meant to carry out hydrographic survey work primarily for the production of nautical charting products on the East and West Coast, but can also be used for stock assessment using sonar.

Special Navaids Tender

Shallow draft, flat bottom vessels used for the placement and maintenance of fixed and floating navigational aids on the Mackenzie River. They are very specialized vessels that can sustain repeated groundings while they search for shifts in the channel and are not suitable for any open-sea work.

Mid-shore Fishery Research

Medium-sized vessels that are multi-taskable to fishery and oceanographic missions, as well as geological and hydrographic surveys. These vessels have no icebreaking capabilities, are equipped with wet labs, trawl capability, bottom sampling capability and water column sampling capability.

Channel Survey & Sounding

Small twin-hull sounding vessels designed to conduct depth survey operations of the main shipping channel in the St-Lawrence River, between Ile aux Coudres and Montreal during the period or spring break-up until end of November.

Air Cushion Vehicle

Medium sized multi-taskable vehicles, which float on a cushion of air, making them capable of working in very shallow areas. They are very fast vehicles (up to 60 knots), which makes them ideally suited for search and rescue, and environmental response where response time is critical. They are also used for icebreaking in shallow waters and in the St. Lawrence River for ice management.

SAR Lifeboats

Small shore-based self-righting lifeboats approximately 15 metre long, capable of search and rescue operations of up to 100 nautical miles with a top speed of approximately 25 knots. CCGS Sipu Muin is a Canadian Coast Guard Air cushion vehicle (ACV based in Trois-Rivières Quebec. They carry a crew of four or five persons.

Near/Inshore Patrol Vessel

Medium range with moderate speed, capable of operating in moderate weather conditions in sheltered waters - station mode. CCGC Westport is a Canadian Coast Guard search and rescue vessel homeported in Westport, Nova Scotia.

Small CG Program Vessels

Small multi-taskable vessels that have a shallower draft overall and are configured to service marine aids to navigation. and have no helicopter carrying capability

Training Vessels

Vessels used for training at the Coast Guard College

Rigid Hull Inflatable Fast Rescue Craft

Various makes and models of FRCs (RHIBs) equipped with outboard or inboard engine propulsion systems are deployed aboard CCG ships as tenders and as fast response boats for utility and search and rescue (SAR) tasks. RHIBs are also trailered and moored at various permanent lifeboat stations and at seasonal Inshore Rescue Boat (IRB) stations. Makes and models include domestic designs from various manufacturers, although CCG has standardized on SOLAS designs from Zodiac Hurricane such as the Mark IV, Mark V, Mark VI and 733; Zodiac Hurricane having been originally known as C. W. Lucas. Soft bottom (i. e. non-rigid hull) inflatable boats are also used as tenders on small utility boats. For training personnel in the operation of these specialized small craft, the CCG operates a number of RHIOT schools across Canada (Rigid Hull Inflatable Operator Training). The original RHIOT course was developed at Bamfield on the west coast of Vancouver Island in the 1980s.

Expansion plans

Most of the larger vessels in the CCG are close to the end of their planned lifetime.

Polar class icebreaker

The Federal budget published on February 27, 2008 included plans to build a new Polar class icebreaker for the Coast Guard. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [6][7]

The $720 million CAD vessel would replace the forty-year-old CCGC Louis St Laurent when it is completed, in 2017. [8] Michael Byers, the Canada Research chair in global politics and international law at UBC, responded:

"This icebreaker and new money for mapping is something that Arctic experts like myself have been calling for, for some years now. I hope it's real. I hope it's not just an election promise. "

Aircraft

In addition to various bases located in deep water ports, rescue stations in smaller minor ports, and its fleet of vessels, CCG also operates a small number of rotary and fixed wing aircraft. Rotary wing aircraft are used as ice surveillance platforms in the winter (operating from icebreakers and shore bases), while flying maintenance personnel and supplies for servicing aids to navigation year-round. Fixed wing aircraft are used for marine pollution surveillance patrols.

The majority of CCG aircraft are stationed at municipal airports located near major CCG bases and are primarily located in eastern Canada, given the absence of ice surveillance requirements for the west coast.

Fixed & Rotary wing maintenance
Fixed wing operations and maintenance

note - The 3 Fixed wing operations bases are not Coast Guard bases. Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. Richmond (ˈrɪtʃmənd}} is an incorporated city on the Pacific coast of the Canadian province of British Greater Moncton International Airport (Aéroport international du Grand Moncton or Moncton/Greater Moncton International Airport is located east northeast from downtown Dieppe (2006 population 18565 is a Canadian city in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. Iqaluit Airport serves Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada and is located adjacent to the town Iqaluit (iqaluit ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ in Inuktitut syllabics; often pronounced ɨˈkæljuːɨt in English is the territorial The fixed wing aircraft are flown out of Transport Canada Civil Aviation bases.

Rotary wing operations and maintenance

Maintenance for CCG aircraft is provided by both CCG and Transport Canada personnel. Stephenville International Airport is an Airport located southeast of Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Stephenville ( 2006 est pop 6500 is a Canadian town in Newfoundland and Labrador on the west coast of the St John's International Airport is located northwest of St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada St John's (ˌseɪntˈdʒanz French Saint-Jean) is the provincial capital of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada and located on the eastern tip 12 Wing Shearwater, is located in Shearwater, Nova Scotia on the eastern shore of Halifax Harbour in the Halifax Regional Municipality. Dartmouth (2001 pop 65741 founded in 1750 is a community and planning area of the Halifax Regional Municipality, a provincially Saint John Airport is an Airport located east northeast of Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. Saint John is the largest city in the Province of New Brunswick, and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. Charlottetown Airport,, is located north of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Charlottetown (ˈʃɑrlɪtaʊn (2006 population 32174 is a Canadian city and the provincial capital of Prince Edward Island, making it the seat Parry Sound (2006 census population 5818 is a Town in Central Ontario, Canada, located on the eastern Victoria International Airport serves Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Sidney is a town located at the northern end of the Saanich Peninsula, on Vancouver Island in the Canadian Province of Prince Rupert Airport,, is located west southwest of Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada Prince Rupert is a port city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Transport Canada is the department within the government of Canada which is responsible for developing Regulations, Policies and services

As with any government vessels being called upon to assist Canadian Forces Maritime Command, government civilian aircraft such as CCG aircraft may be called upon at any time to assist Canadian Forces Air Command. The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence "MARCOM" redirects here For the historical (1936–1950 U The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence Mission AIRCOM is responsible for all aircraft operations in the Canadian Forces enforcing the security of Canada's airspace and providing aircraft for supporting the missions of

Aircraft Origin Type Versions In service Notes
MBB Bo 105 Flag of Germany Germany rotary wing 16 ship-based and shore-based ice surveillance, navigation aid maintenance
Bell 407 Flag of the United States United States rotary wing 2 shore-based ice surveillance, navigation aid maintenance
Bell 212 Twin Huey Flag of the United States United States rotary wing 4 shore-based ice surveillance, navigation aid maintenance
Bell 206 JetRanger Flag of the United States United States rotary wing 6 shore-based ice surveillance, navigation aid maintenance
Sikorsky S-61 Flag of the United States United States rotary wing S-61N 1 navigation aid maintenance
de Havilland Canada Dash 8 Flag of Canada Canada fixed wing 2 marine pollution surveillance
Beech Super King Air 200 Flag of the United States United States fixed wing  ? marine pollution surveillance
de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter Flag of Canada Canada fixed wing 1 marine pollution surveillance
de Havilland Canada Dash 7 Flag of Canada Canada fixed wing 1 marine pollution surveillance

Bo-105 on CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent

Bell 212

Lighthouses and Aids to Navigation

CCG operates one of the world's largest network of navigational buoys, lighthouses and foghorns assisting mariners on the Atlantic, Pacfic and Arctic Coastlines as well as selected inland waters. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For an overview of the whole Huey family of aircraft see Bell Huey WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States of America —commonly referred to as the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States of America —commonly referred to as the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A lighthouse is a Tower, building or framework designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses or in older times from a fire and used as an For other meanings see Foghorn (disambiguation. A foghorn or fog signal is a device that uses sound to warn vehicles of hazards (or of the CCG completed a large-scale program of automation and destaffing which began in 1968 and was largely completed in the 1990s. [9] The result of this program saw the automation of all lighthouses and the removal of light keepers except for a handful of stations in British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador and New Brunswick. Budget cuts and technological changes in the marine shipping industry, such as the increased use of GPS, electronic charting and GMDSS, has led CCG through several "Level of Service Reviews" pertaining to aids to navigation. Basic concept of GPS operation A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the constellation of GPS Satellites high above the Earth This had led to the further decommissioning of buoys and shore-based light stations as well as a dramatic reduction in the number of foghorns. [10]

Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary

The Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary (CCGA), formerly the Canadian Marine Rescue Auxiliary (CMRA), is a nonprofit organization of volunteer recreational boaters and commercial fishermen who assist CCG with search and rescue as well as boating safety education. For other uses of "CMRA" please see CMRA (disambiguation. CCGA members who assist in SAR operations have their vessel insurance covered by CCG, as well as any fuel and operating costs associated with a particular tasking.

The CCGA permits CCG to provide marine SAR coverage in many isolated areas of Canada's coastlines without having to maintain an active base and/or vessels in those areas.

Heritage

The Canadian Coast Guard is the owner of many significant heritage buildings, including the oldest lighthouse in North America, the Sambro Island Lighthouse. Sambro Island Lighthouse is landfall Lighthouse located at the entrance to Halifax, Nova Scotia, near the community of Sambro. The Coast Guard has selectively maintained some heritage lighthouses and permitted some alternative use of its historic structures. However many historic buildings have been neglected and the Coast Guard has been accused of ignoring and abandoning even federally recognized buildings. Critics have pointed out that the Canadian Coast Guard has lagged far behind other nations such as the United States in preserving its historic lighthouses. [11] These concerns have led community groups and hertage building advocates to promote An Act to Protect Heritage Lighthouses in the Canadian Parliament. An Act To Protect Heritage Lighthouses, officially known as Bill S-215, is a federal act to designate and preserve historically significant Canadian Lighthouses. [12]

Insignias and Badges of the CCG

Epaulettes

In the military these represent ranks, in the Canadian Coast Guard they represent levels of responsibility and commensurate salary levels.

These shoulder marks are supplemented with distinctive cloth between the gold braid. (the MAO-04 shoulder boards are used for showing the distinctive colour)

Deck Officers, Helicopter Pilots, Hovercraft Pilots and JRCC/MRSC Marine SAR Co-ordinators do not wear any distinctive cloth.

Cap Badges

Qualification Insignia

Medals, Awards, & Long Service Pins

External links

References

  1. ^ The Atlas of Canada - Coastline and Shoreline
  2. ^ Mid-Shore Patrol Vessels – What Happened to MSPVs and Fisheries Research Vessels for the Canadian Coast Guard?. Canadian American Strategic Review (March 2007). Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
  3. ^ 12 Mid-shore Patrol Vessels. Department of Fisheries and Oceans (April 12, 2007). Fisheries and Oceans Canada ( DFO) is the department within the government of Canada that is responsible for developing and implementing policies and programs Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
  4. ^ "Marine Security", Transport Canada, April 27, 2007. Transport Canada is the department within the government of Canada which is responsible for developing Regulations, Policies and services Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen  
  5. ^ Canadian Coast Guard - Regions
  6. ^ "Arctic icebreaker, fishing port, tax break a start: northerners", CBC News, Wednesday, February 27, 2008. Established in the 1930s, CBC News is the department within the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth  
  7. ^ Chris Windeyer. "Feds to replace old icebreaker", Nunatsiaq News, February 29, 2008. Nunatsiaq News (ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕐᒥ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᑦ is a Canadian weekly newspaper based in Iqaluit, Nunavut serving Nunavut and the Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth  "Ottawa will put aside $720 million this year to commission the icebreaker, which the government says will have better ice breaking capability than the Louis St. Laurent, considered the workhorse of the Coast Guard. " 
  8. ^ Lee Berthiaume. "Icebreaker Replacement Deadline Looms: Despite $720 million in yesterday's federal budget, procurement for a new polar icebreaker will take eight to 10 years", Embassy, Canada's Foreign Policy Newsletter, February 27, 2008. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth  "Despite setting aside $720 million in yesterday's budget to purchase a new polar class icebreaker, the government will be cutting things close if it wants to decommission the ageing Louis St. Laurent heavy icebreaker as scheduled by 2017, according to Canadian Coast Guard commissioner George Da Pont. " 
  9. ^ Lighthouses and Lights E. R. Irwin, Nimbus, 2003, p. viii
  10. ^ Heritage Canada Foundation, Presentation to the Standing Committee of fisheries and Oceans, http://www.heritagecanada.org/eng/news/s220_brief.htm
  11. ^ "Facts About Canada's Threatened Lighthouses" Nova Scotia Lighthouse Preservation Society http://www.nslps.com/r&p_lighthouse_protection_act.asp#facts
  12. ^ Heritage Canada Foundation, Presentation to the Standing Committee of fisheries and Oceans, http://www.heritagecanada.org/eng/news/s220_brief.htm
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