The Cançoner Gil is an Occitan chansonnier produced in Barcelona in the middle of the 14th century. A dansa or dança was an Occitan form of Lyric poetry developed in the late thirteenth century among the Troubadours It Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan A chansonnier (cançoner cançonièr Galician and cancioneiro canzoniere or canzoniéro cancionero is a Manuscript or printed book which contains a Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia In the systematic nomenclature of Occitanists, it is typically named MS Sg, but as Z in the reassignment of letter names by François Zufferey. A manuscript is any Document that is Written by hand as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way It is numbered MS 146 in the Biblioteca de Catalunya in Barcelona where it now resides. The Biblioteca de Catalunya ( Catalan for Library of Catalonia) in Barcelona is the National library of Catalonia.
The name of the chansonnier is not medieval. It is so-called after its last possessor before it was donated to the Biblioteca, Pablo Gil y Gil, a professor of the University of Zaragoza (c. The University of Zaragoza or sometimes Saragossa University (in Spanish: Universidad de Zaragoza) is the only Public university in the 1910). It was donated at the request of a group of ten of the library's patrons: Isidre Bonsoms, Pere Grau Maristany, Eduard Sevilla, the Marquès de Maury, Josep Mansana, Jacinte Serra, Manuel Girona, Hug Herberg, Teresa Ametller, and Archer Milton Huntington. Archer Milton Huntington ( March 10 1870 &ndash December 11 1955) was the son of Arabella (née Duval Huntington and the stepson Part of the motive for donating the chansonnier was to have it rebound. It was given new red leather binding decorated with the arms of the provincial government (diputació) and the Cross of Saint James. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people The Cross of St James, similar to a Cross Flory Fitch or Cross Fitchy is formed by a Cross Flory, where the lower part is fashioned as a sword blade (similar Ramon Miquel i Planes, with the advice of Ernest Molinés i Brasés of the Escola de les Arts del Llibre, and the technical skill of J. Figuerola restored the chansonnier with the new binding at the behest of the provincial government.
The chansonnier is well-preserved, made of high-quality parchment with clear, well-formed letters. Parchment is a thin material made from Calfskin, Sheepskin or goatskin. The first third of it is decorated with initials and marginalia, but the latter folios are unfinished, the spaces left for ornamentaion unfilled. No space is left, however, for musical notation, and since some of the poems are known to have melodies, the chansonnier must have been produced to be read, not used (for musical performace).
The chansonnier contains 285 poems. In the first section it contains almost all the lyric compositions of Cerverí de Girona, a late thirteenth-century Catalan troubadour and one of the most prolific. Cerverí de Girona (fl 1259&ndash1285 was a Catalan Troubadour born Guillem de Cervera in Girona. The second section contains the work of several twelfth-century troubadours from the classical era of their lyric art, namely Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, Bertran de Born, Guiraut de Bornelh, Arnaut Daniel, Guilhem de Saint Leidier, Bernart de Ventadorn, Pons de Capduelh, Jaufre Rudel, and Guillem de Berguedan. A troubadour ( IPA:, originally) was a composer and performer of Occitan Lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100&ndash1350 Raimbaut de Vaqueiras or Riambaut de Vaqueyras (floruit 1180-1207 was a Provençal Troubadour and later in his life knight Bertran de Born (1140s &ndash by 1215 was a Baron from the Limousin in France, and one of the major Occitan Troubadours of the twelfth Giraut de Bornelh (c 1138 &ndash 1215 whose first name is also spelled Guiraut and whose nickname Borneil ( l) or Borneyll, was a Troubadour Arnaut Daniel de Riberac (today Arnaut Danièl) was an Occitan Troubadour of the 12th century praised by Dante as " il miglior fabbro Guilhem de Saint-Leidier or Guillem de Saint Deidier was a Troubadour of the 12th century composing in Occitan. Bernart de Ventadorn (1130-1140 &ndash 1190-1200 also known as Bernard de Ventadour or Bernat del Ventadorn, was a prominent Troubador of the classical Pons de Capduelh, Capduell, Capdveyll, Capdveill, Capduoill, Capdoill, Capdolh, or Chapteuil (f Jaufre Rudel ( Jaufré in Modern Occitan) was the Prince of Blaye ( Princes de Blaia) and a Troubadour of the early&ndashmid 12th century The final segment of the manuscript, completely without decoration, is devoted to the troubadours (many probably contemporary) of the "school of Toulouse", associated with the later Consistori del Gay Saber. Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest The Consistori del Gay (or Gai) Saber ("Consistory of the Gay Science" commonly called the Consistori de Tolosa ("Consistory of Toulouse" These include Joan de Castellnou, Raimon de Cornet, and Gaston III of Foix-Béarn. Joan de Castelnou or Castellnou (fl 1341&ndash1355 was a Troubadour of the Consistori del Gay Saber active in Toulouse. Raimon de Cornet or Ramon de Cornet (fl 1324&ndash1340 was a fourteenth-century Toulousain Priest, Friar, Grammarian, Poet Gaston III/X of Foix-Béarn, also Gaston Fébus or Gaston Phoebus ( April 30, 1331 - 1391 was the 11th Count of Foix, and viscount Included towards the end of the manuscript is one Old French work: an excerpt of the Roman de Troie by Benoît de Sainte-Maure. Old French was the Romance Dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium Benoît de Sainte-Maure (died 1173 was a 12th century French Poet, from either Sainte-Maure near Poitiers or Sainte-More near Tours France Benoît de Sainte-Maure (died 1173 was a 12th century French Poet, from either Sainte-Maure near Poitiers or Sainte-More near Tours France
The Gil is the only source for a number of Cerverí de Girona's poems. It offers a large number of variants of the well-known classical poems, perhaps because it is based on oral traditions and not on other texts. It is for this that it was lettered Sg and Z, towards the end of the alphabet and among the (traditionally) less reliable chansonniers, though this system of classification is no longer considered a good guide to accuracy or reliability.
Sources
- Bibliography
- Riquer, Martín de. Historia de la literatura catalana, Vol. 1. Barcelona: Ariel, 1964.
- External links
- Cançoner provençal (Cançoner Gil) at the Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
- Cançoner Gil (ms. 146): un cançoner provençal d’origen català at the Biblioteca de Catalunya
- La Biblioteca de Catalunya (English)
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